Bakgrund: Urinblåsecancer är den elfte vanligaste cancerformen globalt. Sjukdomen angriper urinblåsans slemhinna och kan växa in i muskellager. Vid muskelinvasiv cancer genomgår patienten cystektomi, och erhåller urostomi. Patients egenvårdsförmåga är av stor betydelse efter operationen. Vårdpersonalen behöver därför arbeta personcentrerat för att stödja patienten att klara sin egenvård. Informationen som ges behöver anpassas för optimal individualisering, så att patienten förstår och blir delaktig.  Syfte: Undersöka upplevelser av informationsbehov hos patienter med urinblåsecancer som genomgår cystektomi.  Metod: Kvalitativ litteraturstudie med tematisk syntetisering.  Resultat: Resultatet baseras på 14 peer-review och kvalitetsgranskade originalartiklar och presenteras utifrån fyra analytiska teman: Dimensioner av information, känslomässig berg-och dalbana genom sjukdomsförloppet, den förändrade kroppen och egenvårdensbetydelse till ett fortsatt liv. Resultatet visar att patienternas informationsbehov i det perioperativa förloppet inte blir uppfyllt. De upplevde alltför sparsam information om sexuellt- och psykologiskt stöd. Utökad information om fysisk aktivitet efterfrågades även information som underlättade att patienten fördes framåt i sin process för att förstå sitt nya jag saknades.  Konklusion: Information är nödvändigt, men behöver anpassas och personcenteras utifrån patientens önskemål och behov. Om informationsbehoven inte tillgodoses kan detta bidra till missförstånd och otrygghet vilket behöver fångas upp i omvårdnaden. / Background: Worldwide, bladder cancer is the eleventh most common cancer. Tumors that invade the detrusor muscle are referred to as muscle-invasive bladder cancer and are treated with radical cystectomy, the patient gets an urostomy. Self-care is significant after the surgery. The care provider needs a person-centered approach to facilitate self-care. Optimal information needs to be individualized. This will help the patient to understand and become involved.  Aim: To investigate experiences of information needs in patients with bladder cancer undergoing cystectomy. Method: Qualitative literature study with a thematic synthesis. Results: In the result fourteen peer-reviewed and quality-reviewed original articles are included. The review highlighted that patient experienced unmet information needs. Patients also experienced receiving too much information in a limited time. This led to difficulties to understand and process the information. Patients also experienced limited information about sexual and psychological support and requested more information about physical activity. Conclusion: Information is essential but needs to be adapted and based on person-centered care principles related to the patients’ needs and wishes. Unmet needs impacts patients’ life and are associated with misunderstandings and insecurity which need to be considered in nursing.

This diploma thesis deals with issue of optimization of information needs in engineering company Weiler s.r.o. This work consists of otheoretical background, on which is established practical part, which contains strategic analysis of companies environment and information needs. There is processed strategic plan of optimization in three alternatives on these foundations - pessimistic with no change in the company, realistic, which counts with use of one information worker and optimistic, which counts with establishing an information department in the company. The final plan is elaboration of realistic alternative including financial plan, which contains the electivity calculation.

This diploma thesis describes and analyzes an area of competitive intelligence in the pharmaceutical industry. The work is divided into five parts. The first part deals with competitive intelligence and related aspects, the second part is dedicated to the pharmaceutical industry, with all specifics. The third part deals with competitive intelligence in the intersection with the pharmaceutical industry, the fourth part contains the classification and description of information resources appropriate for the activities of CI and a fifth part presents research, which consists of a questionnaire survey among pharmaceutical companies on the state of competitive intelligence and semi-structured interview with an expert in the area of CI in pharmaceutical company. The survey results represent a certain sub-probe, which demonstrates the strong position of CI as a common standard of pharmaceutical companies. Keywords competitive intelligence, pharmaceutical industry, information needs, drugs, pharmacovigilance, patents, information resources

The aim of this study is to understand the information seeking of undergraduate students and use of electronic resources at KTH Royal Institute of Technology (namely KTH RIT). Four research questions were developed to guide the study. Wilson’s 1996 model of information behaviour was adopted. The survey research design was adopted. A questionnaire was used to collect data, which was administered to a group of undergraduate students through a convenience sampling technique. A total of 122 undergraduate students were sampled from different departments in different years of study (first-to-third). Several statistical tools such as frequency, percentage and Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient were used to analyse the data. The results obtained from the data analysis revealed that undergraduate students consider all types of information provided as important. Furthermore, books were identified as the most favoured information source that best supports undergraduate students information needs. Next are websites, databases, journals, YouTube and encyclopaedias in ascending order. The study found that what constitutes the information needs of undergraduate students were university study-related tasks, learning, personal roles and research in their order of importance.

Skogen är en väsentlig del i Sveriges ekonomi och står för 10% av den totala varuexporten. Utöver att skogen bidrar finansiellt är det en resurs som påverkas starkt av klimatförändringar. Skogen kan ses som en obegränsad resurs om den hanteras rätt och därför är hållbarhetsredovisningen av särskild vikt för bolagen inom branschen. Förutom att varorna kan ersätta fossila material bidrar den även med att absorbera koldioxid. Om avverkningen inte sker hållbart försvinner dessa effekter och skadar istället klimatet. Skogsindustrin har en rad olika intressenter eftersom den påverkar klimatet i en sådan hög utsträckning. Den är en känslig och komplex bransch som generellt har ett lågt förtroende från konsumenter. Det leder till att företagen har ett stort ansvar att tillgodose intressenternas informationsbehov i deras hållbarhetsredovisning. Det är en komplex uppgift att uppnå balans mellan olika intressenters efterfrågan eftersom skogen påverkar både individer och samhället i stort. Däremot är det intressant att undersöka hur hållbarhetsredovisningen har utvecklats över tid och om samhällsdebatten kring klimatet har bidragit med ett ökat fokus på miljön. Studiens syfte är att skapa förståelse för vad svenska börsnoterade skogsbolag rapporterar i hållbarhetsredovisningen och hur denna redovisning tillgodoser olika intressentgruppers informationsbehov. Det här för att bidra med kunskap om hur skogsbolagen prioriterar sina intressenters informationsbehov. Studiens metod är en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och utgår från en deduktiv ansats. Tidigare forskning används som stöd för att kategorisera skogsbolagens hållbarhetsredovisningar. Genom det här bidra det till nya kunskaper om hur utvecklingen av rapporteringen ser ut inom branschen. Det globala ramverket Global Reporting Initiative används som referensram för kodningen tillsammans med tidigare forskning. Den kvalitativa innehållsanalysen sker genom att undersöka fyra börsnoterade skogsbolags hållbarhetsredovisningar för år 2011 och 2020. Studien undersöker utvecklingen med tio års intervall för att förändringen utläses tydligare över längre perioder. Studiens resultat visar på att det ökade intresset inom hållbarhet har skapat en förändring i skogsbolagens hållbarhetsredovisning. Resultatet framför hur kategorin miljöansvar har ökat kraftigt inom hållbarhetsredovisningen för de inkluderade företagen i studien. Utöver det här har studien visat på att både primära och sekundära intressenters informationsbehov tillgodoses, men att det också finns delar i hållbarhetsredovisningen som inte uppfyller deras efterfrågan. Resultaten visar på hur det finns en brist på ekonomiskt ansvar i hållbarhetsredovisningen inom skogsindustrin. Därför har studien funnit att informationsbehovet av miljörapportering är viktigare för de flesta intressenter. Studiens resultat ger dessutom stöd åt tidigare forskning som belyst att den etiska och positiva grenen av intressentteorin bör behandlas parallellt för att ge en rättvis bild av verkligheten Studiens slutsats är att hållbarhetsredovisningen hos de svenska börsnoterade företagen visade på att utvecklingen utifrån GRIs sex kategorier främst bestod av en ökning av kategorin miljöansvar. Det visade också att både år 2011 och år 2020 var fördelningen relativt ojämn då ekonomiskt ansvar har få observationer medans miljöansvar dominerar samtliga bolag båda åren. När rapporteringen presenteras enligt triple bottom line så är det en jämnare fördelning mellan miljöansvar och socialt ansvar. Däremot dras slutsatsen att information om miljön har utvecklats mest positivt enligt triple bottom line rapporteringen med. / Forests are an essential part of the Swedish economy and account for 10% of total exports of goods. In addition to contributing financially, forests are a resource that is strongly affected by climate change. Forests can be seen as an unlimited resource if managed properly and therefore sustainability reporting is of particular importance for companies in the sector. As well as being a substitute for fossil materials, it also helps to absorb carbon dioxide. If harvesting is not done sustainably, these effects disappear and instead damage the climate. The forest industry has a range of stakeholders because it has such a large impact on the climate. It is a sensitive and complex industry with generally low consumer confidence. As a result, companies have a major responsibility to meet the information needs of stakeholders in their sustainability reporting. Achieving a balance between different stakeholder demands is a complex task as forests affect both individuals and society at large. However, it is interesting to examine how sustainability reporting has evolved over time and whether the social debate on climate has contributed to an increased focus on the environment.  The aim of the study is to gain an understanding of what Swedish listed forest companies report in their sustainability reports and how these reports meet the information needs of different stakeholder groups. This is to contribute knowledge on how forest companies prioritize the information needs of their stakeholders. The study method is a qualitative content analysis and is based on a deductive approach. Previous research is used to support the categorisation of forest companies' sustainability reports. Through this, it contributes to new knowledge about the development of reporting in the industry. The Global Reporting Initiative global framework is used as a frame of reference for the coding along with previous research. The qualitative content analysis is conducted by examining the sustainability reports of four listed forestry companies for the years 2011 and 2020. The study examines trends at ten-year intervals so that change is more clearly inferred over longer periods.  The results of the study show that the increased interest in sustainability has created a change in the sustainability reporting of forestry companies. The results highlight how the category of environmental responsibility has increased significantly within the sustainability reporting of the companies included in the study. In addition to this, the study has shown that the information needs of both primary and secondary stakeholders are being met, but that there are also elements in the sustainability report that do not meet their demand. The results show how there is a lack of financial accountability in the sustainability reporting of the forest industry. Therefore, the study has found that the information needs of environmental reporting are more important for most stakeholders. Moreover, the results of the study support previous research that highlighted that the ethical and positive branches of the stakeholder theory should be treated in parallel to provide a fair picture of the reality  The study concludes that the sustainability reporting of Swedish listed companies showed that the development based on the six GRI categories consisted mainly of an increase in the category of environmental responsibility. It also showed that in both 2011 and 2020 the distribution was relatively uneven, with financial responsibility having few observations while environmental responsibility dominating all companies in both years. When the reporting is presented according to the triple bottom line, there is a more even distribution between environmental and social responsibility. However, it is concluded that information on the environment has developed most positively according to the triple bottom line reporting.

Skapande och användande av byggnadsinformationsmodeller (BIM) har fått ökat intresse från byggbranschen på grund av dess förmåga att lagra och hantera information. Med detta ökade intresse har även nya användningsområden utvecklats, bland annat tillämpning inom fastighetsförvaltning. Detta ställer dock krav på att informationen är strukturerad, vilket har hanterats genom utveckling av flertalet internationella standarder och nationellt anpassade klassifikationssystem, bland annat CoClass i Sverige. Tidigare presenterad litteratur visar att fastighetsförvaltning kan effektiviseras då förvaltningspersonal har informationsbehov som måste uppfyllas och att en tillämpning av BIM i fastighetsförvaltning kan möta dessa behov. Syftet med detta examensarbete är därför att undersöka informationsbehov och nuvarande arbetsprocesser hos förvaltningspersonal för att förstå hur ett strukturerat BIManvändande kan stödja förvaltningspersonal och vad CoClass kan bidra med vid en sådan tillämpning. Denna studie har genomförts som en fallstudie hos det statligt ägda företaget Specialfastigheter Sverige AB där empiri insamlats primärt genom semistrukturerade intervjuer för att sedan jämföras med befintlig litteratur och teori inom ämnet. Den insamlade empirin analyserades med en tematisk analys som utgjorde grund för examensarbetets slutsatser. Dessa slutsatser visar att förvaltningspersonal verksam inom offentlig fastighetsförvaltning har informationsbehov som kan delas i grupper för lokalisering, tidsmässiga egenskaper och tillvägagångssätt vilka sedan kan levereras på olika nivåer och jämförs med en generisk lista över information för fastighetsägare. Vad gäller stöd från ett strukturerat BIM-användande kunde tidigare potentiella fördelar exemplifieras och möjliga processer för informationshantering mot det identifierade behovet presenteras. Vidare har CoClass i ett BIM-användande en stor möjlighet till gemensamt språk och entydig struktur på flera nivåer för byggbranschen men det finns tydliga hinder för ett utökat användande, bland annat brist på programvarustöd och svårkvantifierade värden kopplat till användning. / The creation and use of building information models (BIM) has received increased interest from the construction industry due to its ability to store and manage information. With this increased interest, new application areas have been developed, including application in facility management. However, this requires that the information is structured, which has been handled through development of several international standards and nationally adapted classification systems, including CoClass in Sweden. Previously presented literature shows that facility management can be streamlined since operation and management personnel have information needs that must be fulfilled and that an application of BIM in facility management can meet these needs. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to investigate the information needs and current working processes of operation and management personnel to understand how a structured use of BIM can support operation and management personnel and what CoClass can contribute with to such an application. This study has been conducted as a case study at the public facility owners Specialfastigheter Sverige AB where empirical data was collected primarily through semistructured interviews and compared with existing literature and theory within the subject. The collected empirical data was then analyzed with a thematic analysis which formed the foundation for the conclusions of this study. These conclusions show that operation and management personnel active in public facility management have information needs that can be divided into groups of location, timely properties and approach which can be delivered at different levels and was compared with a generic list of information for property owners. Regarding the support from a structured use of BIM, previous potential benefits could be exemplified and possible processes for information management against the identified need was presented. Furthermore, within an application of BIM in public facility management, the use of CoClass creates a possibility for common language and unambiguous structure at several levels for the construction industry, but there are clear obstacles for increased use, including a lack of software support and different values which are difficult to quantify linked to the use.

This ethnographic study investigates how ChatGPT meets information needs, andthe difference in functional outcomes when using ChatGPT in a reference transaction compared to a librarian. The theoretical starting point is Taylor's theories on information needs and filters, commands and questions. The study is based on empirical material consisting of observations of libraries and of ChatGPT. The empirical material is analyzed using analytical autoethnography, thick description, and Childer's system for evaluating reference transactions. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate how ChatGPT performs in reference transactions compared to librarians. The study shows that ChatGPT meets information needs in a different way than librarians. The biggest difference in functional results is that ChatGPT's responses are incorrect more frequently than the librarians. ChatGPT not only makes dubious claims, it also hallucinates and recommends books that do not exist. This thesis can be used as a basis for further research, as well as support for public libraries that want to use AI technology in reference transactions.

<p>Alternate Level of Care, or ALC, is a designation assigned to a patient during an acute care hospital stay when that patient is occupying a bed but no longer requires that intensity of service. A high proportion of beds occupied by patients requiring ALC results in problems in the healthcare system related to patient flow, access, and efficiency. The purpose of this study was to better understand the experience of older patients and family caregivers while the patient is designated as requiring ALC. This study employed the Three-Dimensional Narrative Inquiry Space method of Clandinin and Connelly (2000) to examine the experiences of five patients and four family caregivers. The primary data source for this study was a series of semi-structured interviews with individual participants over time while they were in the midst of the experience of ALC. Data analysis involved a twofold process of restorying all interview transcriptions for a given participant into a single story summarizing his or her experience, and analyzing the content across stories to identify common themes. The major finding of this study was that uncertainty was a significant part of the experience of ALC. This uncertainty was manifest in relation to self-concept, waiting for placement, not knowing about information, not being included in planning, lack of mobility, and lack of meaningful activity. The study findings have implications for strategies to manage uncertainty in the areas of practice, policy, education, and research in order to improve the experience of older patients and their family caregivers.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

The purpose of the study was to identify the types of library services available in rural areas of Thohoyandou in order to recommend appropriate library services to disadvantaged children in rural areas of the Limpopo Province. Data were collected by means of structured questionnaires in a survey. The problems experienced in rendering library services to children, the factors influencing rural children's information use, and the role that school libraries play in meeting the needs of rural children were investigated. The findings show that rural children's information needs are primarily related to homework assignments. Teachers and learners approach people for information rather than making use of library resources for this purpose. This is due to the fact that most rural schools do not have libraries. Materials are stored in classrooms and storerooms. The existing book stock seems to be outdated, disorganised and inaccessible. Library service rendering is neglected. Most teacher-librarians are not professionally trained to render user services and to teach children information skills. Teachers, teacher-librarians, policy makers and administrators in rural schools seem to be indifferent to providing these services to children. / Information Science / M.A. (Information Science)

<p>Academic dissertaion for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Library and Information Science at the University of Gothenburg and the University of Borås to be publicly defended on Friday 21 October 2011 at 13.15 in lecture room M402, University of Borås, Allégatan 1, Borås</p>