The United States is one of few Western nations that administers capital punishment to their condemned criminals. Texas has executed the most inmates of any state in the U.S. This prompted questions about the psychological characteristics of death row inmates. The purpose of this essay is to widen the perspective on inmates serving capital sentences by analyzing their final statements. The focus of this essay was centered on acute anxiety of death among inmates, visible in their final statements, as a result of an accelerated process of dying. Using three of the eight phases in Erik H. Erikson’s psychosocial theory on individual development, where the final phase is centered around the conflict between integrity and despair, the inmates’ final statements were analyzed. Despair is here identified by three factors: an inability to accept ones situation, anxiety of death and a strong feeling of regret. Through textual analysis, certain codes affiliated with Erikson’s theory were identified and studied. In addition to this, the inmates’ trust and comfort in a transcendental power was also studied as a part of mitigating anxiety among inmates. Erikson’s theory is in this essay supplemented by discourse analysis and discourse psychology in particular to provide additional context to the inmates’ situation. A sociopolitical dimension was also added to provide further analysis. The study found that inmates tend to regret the actions that led them to the incarceration, while also accepting their situation, which does not indicate acute anxiety of dying but rather expression of what is in this paper called the inmate discourse, in which inmates are expected by the wider society to regret their actions. Inmates also tend to describe God or a transcendental authority as a forgiving and loving one, which in this paper is identified not only as a way of finding comfort in a dire situation, but also to belong to a larger American community through religious identification.

The dissertation thesis The position of security detention in the system of criminal sanctions has a theoretical character with the aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the development, implementation and the up to date application of security detention. In connection with the study and factual analysis of the issue, the thesis was divided in several chapters. The content and meaning of some basic terms is defined in the first chapter. The second chapter reflects the development of security detention from the perspective of a broader legal comparison and the legislative process of the Act on Security detention execution. The chapter is focuses on pointing out the complexity and pitfalls of security detention development. The third chapter is devoted to the legal regulation of security detention in the current legal system and is divided into subchapters to interpret the individual legal regulations. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the personality of the offender and basic criminal liability. The fifth chapter is designed to point out the category of offenders from a medical perspective. Chapter six then deals with the application of security detention itself and the constitution in the Czech Republic describing the quality of life of inmates. The last chapter of the thesis focuses on the post-detention care itself. The interpretative analysis of primary and secondary sources showed that security detention is an inevitable part of protective measures in terms of increasing the usability of this measure and simultaneously fulfilling the capacity of security detention institutes in the Czech Republic.

A complexidade que caracteriza o sistema penitenciário brasileiro não exclui o encarceramento feminino. A mulher, ao ser detida para cumprir pena pelo seu ato infracional ou delituoso, passa por momentos de conflitos consigo mesma em função da nova realidade que se apresenta, a da privação de liberdade, que indubitavelmente afeta a sua saúde sexual e consequentemente a sua sexualidade somando a esse processo, a falta de assistência nesse sentido. Baseando nestes referenciais, o presente estudo objetivou fazer uma reflexão perante a literatura existente sobre a possível contribuição da enfermagem na saúde sexual e na sexualidade da mulher detenta, tendo em vista as condições de vulnerabilidade em que ela é exposta às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis no encarceramento. A metodologia utilizada apropriou-se da revisão sistemática da literatura brasileira, cujo propósito foi proceder ao levantamento de dados sobre essas questões , considerando a importância de sintetizar e categorizar os estudos primários realizados no Brasil, no período de 1990 a 2013,tendo em vista, o assunto em apreço. A amostra foi constituída de 14 estudos dos quais, foram identificadas as situações limites através das circunstâncias apresentadas pelos profissionais de enfermagem nas unidades prisionais, com relação à contribuição para a saúde sexual e a sexualidade da mulher privada de liberdade e de assistência. Vale destacar que as ações voltadas à saúde sexual e à sexualidade da mulher detentas são incipientes para atender a demanda desta população diante da omissão do Estado no gerenciamento destes espaços públicos. Segundo os achados da literatura, para os profissionais de enfermagem, a prática comum da violação dos direitos humanos destas mulheres fundamentam-se na situação de abandono e de descaso em que elas encontram no sistema prisional. Constata-se também a necessidade da quebra de paradigmas e preconceitos por parte dos profissionais de enfermagem no atendimento à saúde dessas mulheres, por meio, de ações educativas multidisciplinares para verdadeiras mudanças na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos dentro desse contexto de detenção, especialmente ao contingente feminino no país / The complexity that characterizes the Brazilian penitentiary system doesn\'t exclude the female incarceration. The woman, at to be held to serve a sentence for her defaulting or offensive act, goes through conflict moments to herself in face of the reality presented an the liberty deprivation that doubtless affect her sexual health and consequently her sexuality. Based on the references, this current study had aimed to make a reflection before the existing literature about the possible contribution of nurses in sexual health an in sexuality of inmate woman, bearing in mind the conditions of vulnerability in which she is exposed to STDs incarceration. The used methodology appropriated itself of a systematic review of Brazilian literature, of which purpose was to do the survey of data on these questions, considering the importance to synthesize and to categorize the primary studies realized in Brazil in the period 1990-2013, bearing in mind the subject in appreciation. The sample consisted of fourteen studies which were identified the limit situations through the circumstances present by nursing professionals in the prison units in relation with the contribution to the sexual health and to the sexuality of woman deprived of freedom and assistance. It\'s valid to highlight that the actions returned to sexual health and sexuality of the inmate woman are incipient to attend the demand of this population in front of the omission of the State in the management of these public spaces. Accordingly to the fingings of the literature, to the nursing professionals, the common practice of violations of human rights of these women are based in the situation of abandon and neglect in which they are in the prison system. It\'s also notice the necessity to break paradigms and prejudices on the part of nursing staff in the health treatment of these women, with multidisciplinary educational activities to make real changes in the life quality of these individuals in this detention context, especially to the female contingent of this country

Orientador: Sebastião Jorge Chammé / Banca: Marcos César Alvarez / Banca: Dagoberto Buin Arana / Resumo: A formação social é produto de interferências política, econômica, cultural, religiosa, familiar, educacional, medicinal, sendo portanto, diversas variações de conhecimentos. A Educação como um todo, trata-se da transferência do conhecimento científico acumulado na história humana e transmitido pela prática da Educação. Assim, é onde e quando o indivíduo dispõe do acesso ao conhecimento convencional embasado no aprendizado da leitura, da escrita, do cálculo. Dependendo de métodos educacionais utilizados, a Educação não transmite ao aluno questionamentos a respeito de obrigações e deveres obtidos na sociedade em que vive, assim, transmite apenas o conhecimento sistematizado. A Instituição Prisional, partindo de uma visão social como um todo ou simplesmente "de fora para dentro", é resultado do atual acúmulo de necessidades sociais. Os Governos Federais e Estaduais, a Justiça Penal, o Sistema Penitenciário, com auxílio da imprensa, transmitem informações sobre a população carcerária, prática criminal evidente, modelos dos regimes corretivos, custo financeiro para manutenção dos prisioneiros, rebeliões. Nesta dissertação, além da visão "de fora para dentro", é priorizada uma outra visão, a dos próprios detentos, buscando compreender o entendimento da prática educativa na prisão exigida pela Lei de Execução Penal e raramente divulgada. Para se aproximar da compreensão são buscadas as opiniões dos alunos presidiários a respeito da Educação que lhes é oferecida na Prisão, ou seja, trata-se da tentativa de encontrar uma visão "de dentro para fora" da Educação na Prisão. Motodologicamente, tais opiniões são conquistadas e analisadas a partir de depoimentos, entrevistas semi-estruturadas, questionários respondidos formalmente e observação sistemática amparada segundo os parâmetros pedagógicos. / Abstract: The social formation is the product of political, economic, cultural, religious, familiar, educational and medicinal interferences, which becomes different means of knowledge. The Education as a whole, is based on the scientific knowledge accumulated in the human history and transmitted by the educational practice. So, it is where and when the individual disposes of a conventional knowledge access based on the learning of reading, writing and calculating. Depending on the educational methods used, the Education doesn't transmit to the student, questionings about obligations and duties obtained in the society he lives, it just transmits the systematized knowledge. The Penitentiary Institution, based on the social right as a whole or just "from the outside in" is the result of the actual accumulation of social needs. The Federal and State Governments, the Penal Justice, the Penitentiary System, with the help of the press, transmit informations about the imprisoned population, evident criminal practice, standard of the corrective rules, financial cost to maintain the prisoners and rebellions. In this study, besides the "outside in" vision, it is important another vision, the prisoners vision, trying to understand the educational practice on the prison, imposed by the penal execution law and seldom published. To get an approach of the comprehension, the opinions are taken from the imprisoned students, about the Education that is offered in Prison, or so, it is about an attempt to find a vision "from the inside out" of the Education in Prison. Methodologically, this opinions are conquered and analyzed from declarations, interviews, semi-structured, questionnaires answered formally and systematic observation according to pedagogic parameter. / Mestre

Self-injury in correctional facilities is an increasing problem. Healthcare staff are tasked with responding to and treating self-injurious inmates. Research concerning the perceptions of prison self-injury depended on the experiences of professional healthcare staff and showed that specialized training reduced anxiety and altered perceptions. The perceptions of nonprofessional healthcare staff regarding inmate self-injury have not been studied. The purpose of this research was to understand the perceptions of inmate self-injury maintained by untrained healthcare staff through evaluation of their expressed experiences with self-injuring inmates. The research was based on the humanistic nursing theory. A phenomenological approach guided interviews of 8 healthcare staff having direct contact with inmates who self-injure. Participants had a past or present employment status with a State of Georgia Department of Corrections North Region correctional facility. Data were reviewed and coded to best reflect what it means to be a nonprofessionally trained healthcare member responding to inmate self-injury. Nonprofessional healthcare staff perceived that various experiences affected their level of ease and certainty, they operated as preservers of life and active listeners, felt that other healthcare staff held negative opinions, and were very helpful and supporting. Staff perceived that challenges prevented their success in managing self-injury. Last, nonprofessional staff perceived themselves as very helpful and therapeutic. This study promotes social change by encouraging staff to share knowledge, experience, and practical help with each other while building cohesive and collaborative relationships.

Although a widely used practice, it was previously unknown whether disciplinary segregation is actually effective at modifying prison behavior. This quantitative, retrospective observational study tested deterrence theory and explored the effectiveness of disciplinary segregation in deterring subsequent prison inmate misconduct among those subjected to it (N = 228). It compared a cohort of male inmates incarcerated by the Oregon Department of Corrections who had spent time in disciplinary segregation in 2011 and/or 2012 with a comparison cohort who had not spent any time in disciplinary segregation. Three models were tested, each with the outcome variable operationalized in a different way: overall total rule violations in 2013-2014, total major rule violations in 2013-2014, and total minor rule violations in 2013-2014. Multiple regression analysis was used to control for the influence of age, time spent on current sentence, risk score, prior major and minor rule violations, and time spent in disciplinary segregation. These analyses revealed that for each model, disciplinary segregation was not a significant predictor of subsequent prison inmate misconduct. The findings suggest that deterrence theory does not explain the relation between the experience of disciplinary segregation and subsequent prison misconduct among those subjected to it. The findings further suggest that disciplinary segregation neither decreases nor increases subsequent prison misconduct. These results indicate that disciplinary segregation should undergo a critical evaluation by prison administrators, which could lead to the practice of disciplinary segregation being exercised in a more judicious and informed manner, thus limiting its potentially negative effects and contributing to positive social change.

The topic of the diploma thesis is: Specifice of the Treatment of Muslims in the Condition of the Czech environment. In this diploma thesis we have dealt with the issues of the Muslims patients. We have chosen this topic as it seemed very intresting and current to us. Another reason why we have chosen this topic is the fact many Czechs converted to Islam and many foreigners with the origin in Muslim countries have come to the Czech Republic. These foreigners may come to work or to study here or simpli to travel. Thanks to the increasing numer of Muslims we can meet them in hospitals more often, too. And i this up to health professionals to provide holistic health care. With a correct attitude and certain knowlwdge of Islam the positive approach by the Muslims can be ensured as well. This diploma thesis compreises of two main parts {--} the theoretical and practical one.At the beginning of the theoretical part there is a general introduction and introduction of the essentials of multicultural nursing service. This part further contains a bief history of Islam from its very beginning, its historical development in the Czech Republic and basis informaation about Islam. The basic information regarded 5 pillars of Islam, guestion of daily life, issues concerning the foot, family, hygiene, dressing and others. The final section of the theoretical part describe the ethics in Islam, ensuring of holistic approach to Muslim patient and differences in the education of the Muslim and Czech patient. Two main objectives were determined for this paper. The first objective was to determine the nursing specifics which are connected with the Musim belief. The second objective was to elaborate educational and information sheets. Thhe practical part comprises of interviuws made with the Muslims living in the Czech Republic. They included the converted as well as the native Muslims. The result of this diploma thesis is educational sheets for the health professionals and information sheets for Muslim patients. Educational sheets should serve to health professionals to be aware in which areas the patient should be educated. Information sheets will help Muslim patients with bette adaptation in the hospital environment and with operation in it. This materials can be used also for communication between Muslim patients and medical and paramedical staff. The sane sheets can serve to ordinary patient as they contain general information suitable for all patients. Included in the sheets are communication cards with Czech-English-Arabic translation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-09-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:11:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 amorim_la_me_mar.pdf: 237234 bytes, checksum: a13bbdd87d4401590919441e1548b51a (MD5) / A formação social é produto de interferências política, econômica, cultural, religiosa, familiar, educacional, medicinal, sendo portanto, diversas variações de conhecimentos. A Educação como um todo, trata-se da transferência do conhecimento científico acumulado na história humana e transmitido pela prática da Educação. Assim, é onde e quando o indivíduo dispõe do acesso ao conhecimento convencional embasado no aprendizado da leitura, da escrita, do cálculo. Dependendo de métodos educacionais utilizados, a Educação não transmite ao aluno questionamentos a respeito de obrigações e deveres obtidos na sociedade em que vive, assim, transmite apenas o conhecimento sistematizado. A Instituição Prisional, partindo de uma visão social como um todo ou simplesmente de fora para dentro, é resultado do atual acúmulo de necessidades sociais. Os Governos Federais e Estaduais, a Justiça Penal, o Sistema Penitenciário, com auxílio da imprensa, transmitem informações sobre a população carcerária, prática criminal evidente, modelos dos regimes corretivos, custo financeiro para manutenção dos prisioneiros, rebeliões. Nesta dissertação, além da visão de fora para dentro, é priorizada uma outra visão, a dos próprios detentos, buscando compreender o entendimento da prática educativa na prisão exigida pela Lei de Execução Penal e raramente divulgada. Para se aproximar da compreensão são buscadas as opiniões dos alunos presidiários a respeito da Educação que lhes é oferecida na Prisão, ou seja, trata-se da tentativa de encontrar uma visão de dentro para fora da Educação na Prisão. Motodologicamente, tais opiniões são conquistadas e analisadas a partir de depoimentos, entrevistas semi-estruturadas, questionários respondidos formalmente e observação sistemática amparada segundo os parâmetros pedagógicos. / The social formation is the product of political, economic, cultural, religious, familiar, educational and medicinal interferences, which becomes different means of knowledge. The Education as a whole, is based on the scientific knowledge accumulated in the human history and transmitted by the educational practice. So, it is where and when the individual disposes of a conventional knowledge access based on the learning of reading, writing and calculating. Depending on the educational methods used, the Education doesn't transmit to the student, questionings about obligations and duties obtained in the society he lives, it just transmits the systematized knowledge. The Penitentiary Institution, based on the social right as a whole or just from the outside in is the result of the actual accumulation of social needs. The Federal and State Governments, the Penal Justice, the Penitentiary System, with the help of the press, transmit informations about the imprisoned population, evident criminal practice, standard of the corrective rules, financial cost to maintain the prisoners and rebellions. In this study, besides the outside in vision, it is important another vision, the prisoners vision, trying to understand the educational practice on the prison, imposed by the penal execution law and seldom published. To get an approach of the comprehension, the opinions are taken from the imprisoned students, about the Education that is offered in Prison, or so, it is about an attempt to find a vision from the inside out of the Education in Prison. Methodologically, this opinions are conquered and analyzed from declarations, interviews, semi-structured, questionnaires answered formally and systematic observation according to pedagogic parameter.

abstract: The most prominent theories for explaining the incidence and prevalence of misconduct in prison are deprivation (Clemmer, 1940; Sykes, 1958; Colvin, 1992), importation (Irwin and Cressey, 1962; Harer and Steffensmeier, 1996; Cao Zhao, and Van Dine, 1997), and administrative control (DiIulio, 1987; Useem and Kimball, 1989; Useem and Reisig, 1999). Administrative control does not supersede deprivation and importation theories, but rather adds to them by asserting quality management is essential for the maintenance of an orderly environment jeopardized by the effects of deprivation and importation. Even though research has supported administrative control, researchers have disagreed over which aspects of management are most effective for mitigating disorder, and have thus far only proven that poor management leads to administrative breakdowns in policies and practices that predicate disorder. This dissertation introduces the concept of positive administrative control, based on social exchange theory, as the mechanism prison administrators should use to induce staff to act in accordance with agency desires and avoid administrative breakdowns. The results show that when prison employees experience quality relationships with their supervisors, they are more likely engage with inmates in a similar fashion, which is associated with reductions in misconduct rates. At the same time, when prison employees are supported and rewarded for their good behavior, they are more likely to actively monitor inmates, which is associated with increases in misconduct rates. Additionally, the results support importation theory by demonstrating that the aggregated criminogenic characteristics of inmates in a prison are representative of cultural influences on prison misconduct. Based on these findings, recommendations are made to restructure leadership training to emphasize relational leadership skills that positively influence staff to act in accordance with agency desires and more closely follow policy guidelines. It is also recommended that future studies consider including aggregated demographic variables in studies of misconduct in order to capture cultural/environmental influences that may otherwise be missed, and should avoid overuse of composite variables, in particular institution security level. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Criminology and Criminal Justice 2015

A complexidade que caracteriza o sistema penitenciário brasileiro não exclui o encarceramento feminino. A mulher, ao ser detida para cumprir pena pelo seu ato infracional ou delituoso, passa por momentos de conflitos consigo mesma em função da nova realidade que se apresenta, a da privação de liberdade, que indubitavelmente afeta a sua saúde sexual e consequentemente a sua sexualidade somando a esse processo, a falta de assistência nesse sentido. Baseando nestes referenciais, o presente estudo objetivou fazer uma reflexão perante a literatura existente sobre a possível contribuição da enfermagem na saúde sexual e na sexualidade da mulher detenta, tendo em vista as condições de vulnerabilidade em que ela é exposta às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis no encarceramento. A metodologia utilizada apropriou-se da revisão sistemática da literatura brasileira, cujo propósito foi proceder ao levantamento de dados sobre essas questões , considerando a importância de sintetizar e categorizar os estudos primários realizados no Brasil, no período de 1990 a 2013,tendo em vista, o assunto em apreço. A amostra foi constituída de 14 estudos dos quais, foram identificadas as situações limites através das circunstâncias apresentadas pelos profissionais de enfermagem nas unidades prisionais, com relação à contribuição para a saúde sexual e a sexualidade da mulher privada de liberdade e de assistência. Vale destacar que as ações voltadas à saúde sexual e à sexualidade da mulher detentas são incipientes para atender a demanda desta população diante da omissão do Estado no gerenciamento destes espaços públicos. Segundo os achados da literatura, para os profissionais de enfermagem, a prática comum da violação dos direitos humanos destas mulheres fundamentam-se na situação de abandono e de descaso em que elas encontram no sistema prisional. Constata-se também a necessidade da quebra de paradigmas e preconceitos por parte dos profissionais de enfermagem no atendimento à saúde dessas mulheres, por meio, de ações educativas multidisciplinares para verdadeiras mudanças na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos dentro desse contexto de detenção, especialmente ao contingente feminino no país / The complexity that characterizes the Brazilian penitentiary system doesn\'t exclude the female incarceration. The woman, at to be held to serve a sentence for her defaulting or offensive act, goes through conflict moments to herself in face of the reality presented an the liberty deprivation that doubtless affect her sexual health and consequently her sexuality. Based on the references, this current study had aimed to make a reflection before the existing literature about the possible contribution of nurses in sexual health an in sexuality of inmate woman, bearing in mind the conditions of vulnerability in which she is exposed to STDs incarceration. The used methodology appropriated itself of a systematic review of Brazilian literature, of which purpose was to do the survey of data on these questions, considering the importance to synthesize and to categorize the primary studies realized in Brazil in the period 1990-2013, bearing in mind the subject in appreciation. The sample consisted of fourteen studies which were identified the limit situations through the circumstances present by nursing professionals in the prison units in relation with the contribution to the sexual health and to the sexuality of woman deprived of freedom and assistance. It\'s valid to highlight that the actions returned to sexual health and sexuality of the inmate woman are incipient to attend the demand of this population in front of the omission of the State in the management of these public spaces. Accordingly to the fingings of the literature, to the nursing professionals, the common practice of violations of human rights of these women are based in the situation of abandon and neglect in which they are in the prison system. It\'s also notice the necessity to break paradigms and prejudices on the part of nursing staff in the health treatment of these women, with multidisciplinary educational activities to make real changes in the life quality of these individuals in this detention context, especially to the female contingent of this country