<p>Ett av de flygplan som flögs in i World Trade Center i New York, USA, den 11 september 2001 lyfte från Bostons flygplats. Säkerheten på flygplatsen var Globe, ett bolag i Securitaskoncernen, ansvarigt för. Securitaskoncernen, däribland Globe, ville med anledning av att ett antal skadeståndsanspråk, som följde efter attacken den 11 september 2001, ha försäkringsskydd ur det globala försäkringsprogram som Securitaskoncernen tecknat hos If Skadeförsäkring AB. Ett skiljeförfarande inleddes mellan If och Securitas på grund av att If ansåg att försäkringen inte gällde Globe, medan Securitaskoncernen ansåg att den gjorde det. I uppsatsen granskas tvisten och skiljedomen mellan If och Securitas kritiskt. Uppsatsens fokus ligger på de yrkanden i tvisten som gällde försäkringsavtalstecknande och jämkning av försäkringsersättningen. Även tillämpligheten av krigsundantaget i försäkringsvillkoren behandlas. Försäkringsmäklarens roll och premie-pro-ratas storlek skulle ha kunnat leda till en annan utgång i målet varför även dessa aspekter tas upp i uppsatsen i samband att talans upplägg behandlas. Hur premie-pro-rata kan beräknas i globala ansvarsförsäkringsprogram tas upp liksom förslag lämnas på hur pro-ratans storlek i det aktuella målet skulle ha kunnat fastställas. I uppsatsen lämnas vissa förslag på vad underwriters bör beakta i sitt arbete. Förslagen har arbetats fram utifrån den skiljedom som fastslogs mellan parterna, exempelvis vad gäller försäkringsvillkor.</p>

Ett av de flygplan som flögs in i World Trade Center i New York, USA, den 11 september 2001 lyfte från Bostons flygplats. Säkerheten på flygplatsen var Globe, ett bolag i Securitaskoncernen, ansvarigt för. Securitaskoncernen, däribland Globe, ville med anledning av att ett antal skadeståndsanspråk, som följde efter attacken den 11 september 2001, ha försäkringsskydd ur det globala försäkringsprogram som Securitaskoncernen tecknat hos If Skadeförsäkring AB. Ett skiljeförfarande inleddes mellan If och Securitas på grund av att If ansåg att försäkringen inte gällde Globe, medan Securitaskoncernen ansåg att den gjorde det. I uppsatsen granskas tvisten och skiljedomen mellan If och Securitas kritiskt. Uppsatsens fokus ligger på de yrkanden i tvisten som gällde försäkringsavtalstecknande och jämkning av försäkringsersättningen. Även tillämpligheten av krigsundantaget i försäkringsvillkoren behandlas. Försäkringsmäklarens roll och premie-pro-ratas storlek skulle ha kunnat leda till en annan utgång i målet varför även dessa aspekter tas upp i uppsatsen i samband att talans upplägg behandlas. Hur premie-pro-rata kan beräknas i globala ansvarsförsäkringsprogram tas upp liksom förslag lämnas på hur pro-ratans storlek i det aktuella målet skulle ha kunnat fastställas. I uppsatsen lämnas vissa förslag på vad underwriters bör beakta i sitt arbete. Förslagen har arbetats fram utifrån den skiljedom som fastslogs mellan parterna, exempelvis vad gäller försäkringsvillkor.

Vid nybyggnation av bostadshus och vid vissa bygglovspliktiga ändringsarbeten föreligger ett lagstadgat krav att byggfelsförsäkring skall tecknas. Försäkringen omfattar kostnader för att avhjälpa fel som uppkommit under byggtiden och syftar till att snabbt avhjälpa fel och brister utan långvariga tvister om vem som skall ta på sig kostnaden för att undanröja bristerna - en god tanke som dessvärre verkar fungera sämre i verkligheten. Lagen innehåller nämligen flertalet bestämmelser om tillåtna ansvarsbegränsningar vilket lett till att det vid flera situationer inte föreligger någon rätt till ersättning trots att det är rimligt att anta att skadorna skall täckas av försäkringen. Denna uppsats syftar därmed till att beskriva, belysa och analysera byggfelsförsäkringens tillämpning för att på så sätt komma fram till om syftet med lagen verkligen upprätthålls så som lagen är utformad idag eller om lagen borde ändras och i så fall på vilket sätt den borde förändras. Efter att ha studerat gällande rätt och föreliggande försäkringsvillkor har jag funnit att byggfelsförsäkringens tillämpningsområde är väldigt snävt och därmed borde utvidgas för att lagen skall vara helt ändamålsenlig. Jag anser således att utvecklingsfel borde omfattas av försäkringens tillämpningsområde för att byggherren skall erhålla ett fullgott skydd för byggfel. Jag är även av den uppfattningen att konsumenter som väljer att själva uppföra sitt hus utan olägenheter kan uteslutas från försäkringsobligatoriet då försäkringen medför minimal nytta för dessa. / At the moment there is an existing statutory requirement regarding taking out an insurance policy each time a residential property is being constructed and also in connection to certain acts of modifications which require building permit. This insurance policy covers costs relating to compensations of defects in relation to the property, which have arisen during the construction time, with the purpose of restoring defects and errors and thereby avoiding lengthy legal proceedings concerning the identity of whom is responsible for the cost of restoring the errors. The idea is originally a good one, however, it does not seem to function very well in real life. The statute contains several rules regarding limitations of legal liability, which has led to the consequence that a right to compensation often is lacking, although it is reasonable to assume that the defects in question should indeed be covered by the insurance policy. This dissertation aims to describe, illuminate and analyse the Building Defects Insurance Act and its area of scope, and thereby examine whether the purpose of the Act is fulfilled as it is construed at this point in time or whether the Act should be altered and, in that case, in what way that could be done. My conclusion, after examining the present legal situation and existing insurance policies, is that the Building Defects Insurance Act has quite a narrow scope and therefore should be extended in order for the Act to fulfil its purpose. In my opinion, defects in property developments should be considered being within the scope of the insurance policy, in order to offer the property developer full protection regarding defects in the property. It is also my opinion that consumers choosing to construct their own properties can, without difficulty, be excluded from the requirement of insurance since the insurance is of very limited value for consumers.

This study which is located in Durban, South Africa examines the life insurance Industry in South Africa, the trends, local and international, and strategic issues and the thinking of the industry leaders that will impact upon current distribution business models. The impact of these on the role of the Financial Planner is highlighted, providing evidence of the international success of alternative models for the distribution of professional financial advice. The literature review in this study suggests that, from international experience, the weakest link in the present distribution chain of life insurance is the Financial Planner because their means of remuneration is currently being subjected to extensive reduction by regulators. As the South African industry transforms as a result of price cutting and regulatory pressures on downscaling of existing commission structures, the Financial Planner will bear the brunt of this resizing to the form of substantial reductions in their earnings, resulting either Financial Planners exiting the industry, or seeking an alternative business model than that of commission remuneration from the sale of life insurance products It is against this backdrop that this submission examines three critical questions: How will the transformation of the South African life insurance industry, changing needs and demands of consumer's impact upon the role of the Financial Planner in the financial planning industry? What are the consumer's experiences, expectations and perceptions of Financial Planners? What must Financial Planners and their representative bodies do in order to ensure the continuity and independence of the role of the Financial Planner in the distribution of professional financial planning advice? These critical questions are investigated using a quantitative research instrument, i.e. a structured questionnaire, the results of which are statistically analysed using the SPSS system. The main findings provide substantial evidence that trends and experiences from the UK and USA will have a similar impact on the South African Financial Planner's future in the present life insurance business model. The predictions, teachings and motivations of relevant authors is for Financial Planners to adopt a holistic expanded business model offering Life Planning to consumers which provides the Financial Planner with an alternative to remaining in the present business model. The study further reveals that consumers attach a high value to the intellectual abilities and to the role the Financial Planner plays in providing them with professional financial advice. It further confirms that without the Financial Planner, life insurance companies have no real link to the consumers of life insurance products because the consumer is dependent upon the Financial Planner for professional financial advice. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2006.

In this paper, I use data from the Florida Closed Claims Database to investigate how Florida’s 2003 non-economic damage cap legislation impacted elderly malpractice claimants. More specifically, I measure whether or not non-economic damage caps adversely impact claimants in counties with high elderly densities. To measure the effect of Florida’s non-economic damage caps, I look at multiple metrics that measure both elderly claimants’ monetary gains and their access to the justice system after the reform is passed. I find mildly conclusive evidence that counties with higher elderly density, and assumedly more elderly claimants, are more likely to settle cases before reaching a jury trial and are less likely to file a medical malpractice claim. Conversely, though, I find limited evidence supporting the idea that elderly claimants receive less monetary damage payments or drop cases more. Overall, then, my findings are not consistent with the view that non-economic damage caps significantly discriminate against elderly claimants.

Zugl.: Sankt Gallen, Universiẗat, Diss., 2007.

Law / LL.M.

Pas de résumé / Doctorat en droit / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Recent Solvency and Assessment Management (SAM) Regulations that are being proposed are the bone of contention in the Insurance Industry. Industry leaders argue that the financial regulations in South Africa are being imposed on companies too rapidly, despite South Africa’s financial regulations being one of the best in the world. However, South Africa’s Insurance market growth has reduced substantially and has reached a point of saturation. Insurers are analysing the international marketplace for growth opportunities in their business. Huge opportunities in Africa and in other emerging economies of the world have lured the Insurance companies to expand their operations beyond South Africa, at the expense of their operations in developed economies. These expansions, especially in unstable emerging economies come at a huge cost and carries inherent risks in moving to these territories. Qualitative exploratory research techniques were used to understand the link between the regulations and expansion plans to ascertain what the former has effect on the latter. Sixteen senior managers from the industry were interviewed, their responses analysed and results aggregated in this report. The results expressed that the effect of SAM on insurance companies is varied. Some companies endure the burden in terms of huge costs of implementation and operation and restrict their expansion plans; while large insurance companies with huge balance sheets see no impact on their plans. The research further includes the effect on insurance companies of other regulations such as nationalisation, sovereign rating downgrades and perceived skills gap in the market and proposed a model around these regulations. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / pagibs2014 / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / MBA / Unrestricted

Bien que né et théorisé comme contrat commercial maritime, le contrat d’assurance est actuellement plus couramment envisagé comme un contrat terrestre de consommation. Pour appréhender cette évolution, il a paru convenable de s’interroger sur l’histoire du contrat d’assurance depuis le XVIe s. jusqu’en 1930. En effet, le XVIe s. est le moment où le contrat d’assurance commence à concerner le monde terrestre en étant conceptualisé par des auteurs de doctrine puis en éveillant l’attention du législateur français. Cette phase qui s’étend jusqu’au milieu du XIXe s. est donc une phase de construction théorique et législative du contrat d’assurance - avec une base maritime et une tendance de plus en plus prégnante à l’installation sur terre. La période suivante commence au milieu du XIXe s. qui amorce les premiers grands changements de nature du contrat d’assurance avec l’avènement de la société industrielle, l’émergence des idées socialistes et de l’État providence. À cette occasion, doctrine et jurisprudence adaptent le contrat d’assurance aux besoins de sécurité croissants de la population. L’on peut parler d’un véritable enracinement terrestre du contrat d’assurance, car la base maritime est mise de côté tandis que la base terrestre passe au premier plan. Les adaptations et nouveautés juridiques amènent des auteurs, juges et autres praticiens à s’interroger de nouveau sur la nature du contrat d’assurance. En 1930, la première loi française sur le contrat d’assurance terrestre cristallise certaines de leurs conclusions et positions sans toutefois donner de définition ni de contours fermes au contrat d’assurance. Il demeure encore difficile d’en trouver. / Looking back through history, the very nature of the insurance contract has often been questioned. Indeed, although it started off its career with, and was developed by, the merchant shipping industry ; today it is used as a consumer product contract, strongly anchored into terrestrial reality. In order to apprehend this evolution, it would be interesting to look into what defines the criteria of an insurance contract since the 16th Century right through to 1930. During the 16th Century, the insurance contract started to be used in the terrestrial world and was drafted by the authors of the profession, and in doing so, interested the French legislators. This phase was a theoretical construction and a legislative phase for the insurance contract, which was based on the merchant shipping activity, in spite of applying to a growing number of terrestrial concerns. The next period starts in the middle of the 19th Century, whereby we start to see the first major changes to the insurance contract with the increase in industrial activities and the emergence of socialist ideas and a welfare state. At this point in time, the profession and jurisprudence adapt the insurance contract to the increasing security needs of the population. We can refer to this as a real terrestrial implantation of the insurance contract as the shipping and naval basis takes a back seat. These adaptations and new additions to the legal system make the legislators, judges and other professions concerned ; re-assess the contents of the insurance contract. In 1930, the first French law on the terrestrial insurance contract crystallizes a certain number of their conclusions and positions, without however, giving a strict definition of what an insurance contract is. It still doesn’t exist today.