In this thesis, stochastic methods are utilized to improve a familiar comprehensive probabilistic model to obtain realistic estimates of the earthquake insurance premium rates in different seismic zones of Turkey. The model integrates the information on future earthquake threat with the information on expected earthquake damage to buildings. The quantification of the future earthquake threat is achieved by making use of the seismic hazard analysis techniques. Due to the uncertainties involved, the hazard that may occur at a site during future earthquakes has to be treated in a probabilistic manner. Accessibility of past earthquake data from a number of different data sources, encourages the consideration of every single earthquake report. Seismic zonation of active earthquake generating regions has been improved as recent contributions are made available. Finally, up-to-date data bases have been utilized to establish local attenuation relationships reflecting the expected earthquake wave propagation and its randomness more effectively. The damage that may occur to structures during future earthquakes involves various uncertainties and also has to be treated in a probabilistic manner. For this purpose, damage probability matrices (DPM), expressing what will happen to buildings, designed according to some particular set of requirements, during earthquakes of various intensities, are constructed from observational and estimated data. With the above considerations, in order to demonstrate the application of the improved probabilistic method, earthquake insurance premium rates are computed for reinforced concrete and masonry buildings constructed in different seismic zones of Turkey.

[pt] A previsão de seguros é essencial para a indústria de seguros e resseguros. Ela fornece subsídios para estratégias de negócios de longo-prazo, e pode servir como um primeiro passo para o planejamento de linhas específicas de produtos. No contexto brasileiro, a previsão de seguros é de especial relevância. O Brasil possui o maior mercado segurador da América-Latina e tem potencial para se tornar um dos mais importantes centros seguradores do mundo no médio-longo- prazo. A SUSEP e a CNseg realizam previsões de carteiras do mercado de seguros brasileiro com base em modelos estatísticos. Entretanto, as séries temporais de prêmios utilizadas para essas previsões exibem comportamento não estacionário e não linear. Assim, a utilização de algoritmos de machine learning, na modelagem de séries de seguros, se justifica em função da habilidade desses algoritmos em capturar componentes de natureza não linear e dinâmica que possam estar presentes nessas séries, sem a necessidade de realizar suposições sobre o processo gerador dos dados. Com base no exposto, este trabalho investiga o uso de redes neurais Echo State (ESN) e GA-SVR na previsão de prêmios de seguros do mercado brasileiro. A base de dados utilizada neste trabalho foi disponibilizada pela SUSEP e compreende as carteiras de Automóveis, Vida e Previdência. Foram realizadas previsões univariadas e multivariadas com ESN e GA-SVR para as três carteiras mencionadas. Os resultados demonstram superioridade preditiva da ESN. / [en] Insurance forecasting is essential for the insurance industry. It provides support for long-term business strategies and can serve as a first-step for planning specific lines of products. In the Brazilian context, insurance forecasting is of special relevance. In the Latin American insurance market, Brazil is the leader in premium, and could become one of the most important insurance centers of the world in the medium- or long-term. SUSEP and CNseg forecast insurance products of the Brazilian market with statistical models. Nevertheless, premium time series exhibit nonstationary and nonlinear behavior. Therefore, the use of machine learning algorithms in the modeling of insurance series is justified, due to the ability of these algorithms in capturing nonlinear and dynamic components, which may be present in those series, without making assumptions about the data generating process. Based on this, this work investigates the use of Echo State neural networks (ESN) and GA-SVR in the forecast of insurance premium of the Brazilian market. The database used in this work was provided by SUSEP and consists of the products Automobiles, Life and Providence. Univariate and multivariate forecasts were made with ESN and GA-SVR for the three aforementioned products. The results show predictive superiority of ESN.

Draudimo teisinius santykius pakankamai išsamiai reglamentuoja Lietuvos Respublikos teisės aktai, tačiau įgyvendinant draudiko ir draudėjo teises bei pareigas kyla nemažai problemų. Magistro baigiamajame darbe atskleidžiama, kaip draudiko teisė atsisakyti mokėti draudimo išmoką yra apibrėžiama draudimo sutartyje, kokie draudimo sutarties elementai yra reikšmingi šios teisės įgyvendinimui. Apibendrinus draudiko teisės atsisakyti mokėti draudimo išmoką sampratą yra išskiriami trys pagrindiniai atvejai, kuomet draudikas, vadovaudamasis teisės aktų reglamentuojamomis taisyklėmis ir patikrinęs visą su draudiminiu įvykiu susijusią informaciją, gali įgyvendinti teisę atsisakyti mokėti draudimo išmoką: draudėjas padarė draudimo sutarties pažeidimą, draudžiamasis įvykis atsitinka dėl draudėjo tyčios ar didelio neatsargumo, įvykis yra nedraudžiamasis. Atsižvelgiant į šiuos atvejus, analizuojant doktriną ir Lietuvos teismų praktiką yra atskleidžiamos ir moksliškai bei teisiškai išanalizuojamos problemos, su kuriomis susiduria draudikai, įgyvendindami teisę atsisakyti mokėti draudimo išmoką. Magistro baigiamajame darbe kritiškai vertinama Lietuvos teismų praktika, kuri draudiko teisės atsisakyti mokėti draudimo išmoką įgyvendinimo klausimais yra nevienareikšmė ir diskutuotina. Taigi pasitelkiant analitinį, lyginamąjį, sisteminį ir aprašomasis tyrimo metodus, išanalizavus magistro baigiamajame darbe iškeltą problemą, pabaigoje pateikiamos išvados ir pasiūlymai. / Insurance legal relationships seems to be detail regulated by the Republic of Lithuania law, however enforcement of the insurer and the policyholder rights and obligations raises a number of problems. The Master's thesis reveals how the insurer right to pay the insurance premium is defined in the insurance contract, which insurance contract important elements are for this right enforcement. Summarizing the conception of insurer's right to refuse to pay the insurance premium there are extracted three main cases in which the insurer, in accordance with laws and regulations governed by verifying all the insured event related information, may enforce his right to refuse to pay insurance premium: the policyholder has breached the insurance contract, prohibition event occurs on the insured's intent or gross negligence, the event is non contingency. In light of these cases, analysis of the doctrine and practice of the Lithuanian courts there are disclosed and scientifically and legally analyzed problems which face insurers enforcing the right to refuse to pay the insurance premium. The Master's thesis criticizes the Lithuanian judicial practice which is ambiguous and debatable according to the insurer's right to refuse to pay insurance premium. Therefore through an analytical, comparative, systematic and descriptive research methods, analysis of the master's thesis raised issue, master's thesis ends with conclusions and recommendations.

(RESUMÉ) Název práce: Vývoj daňové soustavy, reformy daně z příjmů od roku 1993 do současnosti v ČR a jejich vliv na sociální sféru Title: Development of the Tax System, the Income Tax Reforms in the Czech Republic Since 1993 to the Present Day and Their Influence over the Social Sphere Autor: Kristýna Schmitzerová Cílem této práce je zajistit přísun informací studentům, ale i laické veřejnosti, jež se v dnešní době setkává s pojmem daně. Od základů vysvětlit dané pojmy a jejich historii, která se k daním a daňové soustavě pojí a zároveň poukázat na koho a na co mají daně vliv. Propojení se sociální sférou tato práce popisuje v dopadu daňové povinnosti, funkci všeobecného zdravotního pojištění a sociálního zabezpečení. Toto propojení je důležité pro každého občana, jelikož je součástí systému, který se v rámci společnosti vyvinul. Praktická část je tedy přehledem kam, co a jak udělat, přihlásit, odevzdat v rámci daní, aby občan mohl vykonávat zaměstnání nebo podnikat. Z důvodu vzniku této práce a praktického přehledu je zřejmé, že systém daní, který má dopad na každého z nás, je komplikovaný a často až nepřehledný. Tyto vlastnosti většinou vyvolávají nechuť ke studiu tohoto tématu. Ovšem, jak často slýchaná věta "neznalost zákona neomlouvá" napovídá, mělo by být v zájmu celé společnosti se o tomto...

The main aim of my dissertation Factors influencing the management of health insurance in 2004 2012 in the context of health insurance in The Czech Republic - was to identify and categorize the factors that affect the management of the chosen health insurance in 2004 2012 with the respect to existing system of health insurance. The first assessed year was 2007 because of unavailability of data in 2004 - 2007. My dissertation is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is devoted to the principles of health insurance, the legal relations of health insurance, the current system of public health insurance and the effects influencing the health insurance balance. The practical part deals with designated health insurance and its organizational structure, its management methods, the income side of the balance sheet, the expediture side of the balance and finally the ratings balance of the specific health insurance. The factors which affect this side of the balance were analysed in detail at the income side. Among these factors were included: trends in the number of policyholders, the development of receivables, the problems of "state policyholders", macroeconomic index and the redistribution system. The expediture balance was mainly focused on the cost of health care and preventive care. In conclusion the balance of one of the health insurance companies was evaluated in the selected years.

This diploma thesis deals with the investment life insurance. Investment life insurance combines the classical life insurance and the investments in open-end mutual funds. It is a widely discussed financial product, especially for its high expensiveness. Nevertheless, the investment life insurance holds a significant share of the insurance market. The aim of this diploma thesis is the analysis and exploration of investment life insurance market in Czech Republic. The thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. In theoretical part the basic concepts of this insurance product are defined. Theoretical part further contains the theory related to time series analysis and the description of mutual funds. Practical part deals with the five most significant insurance companies in Czech Republic, compares various mutual funds and analyses the selected mutual fund in detail. The forecast of selected mutual fund price development was performed. It turned out that the price forecasting is complicated because of variety of factors affecting the price behaviour. Further, the calculations of insurance premiums and technical provisions were performed. MS Excel was used for the calculations and the time series analysis was performed using the statistical software Eviews. Diploma thesis assists the readers with the orientation in the investment life insurance problematics.

Presented diploma theses evaluates the sickness insurance system in the Czech Republic and Europe from the point of view of the Czech Republic citizens. The aim of the work is to analyze the sickness insurance system in the Czech Republic regarding the system changes and also to find out the reform impacts on insured. Simultaneously the aim is to compare the impacts of the Czech insured with the impacts on those migratory workers who draw a claim to the insurance benefit from foreign systems of Europe. The theory of the social capital focused on the social policy and the social security and its legitimacy, theory of the inequality and poverty, the theory of the human capital and the theory of the bureaucracy were the basis of this work. In order to acquire the objective data at first it was made the comparative analysis of the chosen sickness insurance systems in Europe. Other part of this work is focused on the reform of the sickness insurance system in the Czech Republic and it analyses and compares some chosen indicators of the system focusing the years 2008 and 2009. The first half of the empirical part of the work is made on the basis of the qualitative research and it shows the impacts of the reform on the employees, presents their attitudes, their impressions and their opinions on contemporary shape...

Civilinės atsakomybės draudimo sutarčių institutas yra sąlyginai nauja sritis civiliniuose teisiniuose santykiuose. Kai kurie tokių sutarčių probleminiai aspektai išryškėja tik taikant konkrečias sutartis praktikoje, todėl šalyse kaip Lietuva, kur draudimo teisės tradicijos nėra labai gilios, šio instituto ypatumai ir įgyvendinimo problemos yra ganėtinai aktualūs. Nors CAD sutarties samprata atskleista pakankamai išsamiai, teisės mokslininkai iki šiol vieningai nesutaria dėl šios rūšies draudimo sutarčių prigimties, draudiminiams įvykiams taikomų kriterijų bei pačių santykio dalyvių teisių ir pareigų apimties pagal CAD sutartį. Nesant išsamaus teisinio reglamentavimo teismams tenka vadovautis bendraisiais civilinės teisės principais, o tokia praktika, nors ir pasiekusi aukščiausios instancijos teismus, neišvengia subjektyvaus atskirų situacijų vertinimo. CAD sutarties aiškinimas teismuose, kai silpnesnioji sandorio šalis, sudariusi sutartį prisijungimo būdu, yra neadekvačiai griežtai saugoma nuo ekonomiškai stipresnės šalies įtakos, neatsižvelgiant į CAD sutarties sąlygas, galų gale atsisuka prieš pačią silpnesniąją šalį. Siekiant išvengti tokios praktikos bei įtvirtinti kokybiškai vertingą CAD sutarčių taikymą, būtina atsižvelgti į šio instituto specifinį draudimo objektą – draudėjo interesą apsidrausti nuo galimos rizikos, susijusios su prievolės trečiajam asmeniui įvykdymu ir iš to kilusių pasekmių. Tik įvertinus CAD sutarčių ypatumus galima pasiekti sąžiningą ir teisinės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Civil liability insurance contracts institute is a relatively new field of civil legal relations. Some of the problematic aspects of such contracts are revealed only under practice, and so in countries such as Lithuania, where tradition of insurance law is not very intense, the institute features and implementation issues are quite relevant. Although the concept of CAD contract disclosed in sufficient detail, law scientists still do not agree unanimously on the nature of insurance contracts, criteria applicable to the occurrences and the amount of rights of the participants under the CAD contract. In the absence of a comprehensive legal framework, courts have to follow general principles of civil law and even the supreme instance courts cannot avoid the subjective evaluation of individual situations. CAD contract interpretation in courts, where a weaker party of the contract is inadequately strictly protected from economically stronger party influence regardless to the terms of the contract, will eventually turn against the weaker party itself. In order to avoid such practice and establish valuably qualified application of CAD contracts, must take into account the specifics of the object of institute - policyholders interest to insure the risks associated with obligations to a third party and the performance of the resulting consequences. Only when the features of the CAD contracts are evaluated we are able to achieve a fair and on the base of the legal state established... [to full text]

Master thesis, 65 pages, 18 pictures, 4 table, 39 literature sources, 5 appendages, Lithuanian language. The object of the work- insurance service marketing. The subject of the work - the research of the insurance service marketing. The aim of the work – to establish and estimate service marketing significance in an insurance business and to make suggestions of marketing implementation for companies. The goals of the work: 1.To analyse the nascency determinant elements of insurance service marketing. 2.To settle and describe a conception, functions, and essential things of insurance service marketing. 3.To analyze the peculiarities of the insurance service marketing and their determinant elements. 4.With reference to facts, to settle the size of Lithuanian insurance service market, to measure the structure of insurance service suppliers’ market and its competitive ability. 5.To find out consumers’ opinion about insurance service. 6.To estimate need and conditions of insurance service marketing implementation. Methods of the research: empirical research (questionnaire), unstruktural interview, analysis and synthesis of nonfiction, statistical material analysis, graphics, comparable, generalization. Analysing Lithuanian and foreign countries nonfiction and periodic literature about insurance service marketing, it is defined the organization particularity of the insurance service marketing, its expedience of adaptability and facility in Lithuanian insurance companies.

This article addresses the issue referred to the remedies of the insurance contract for the non-payment of the premium. t hrough an analysis of the previous and current legislation, the author examines the consequences of the non-payment of the insurance premium in the contractual relationship. By recognizing the protective nature of the legislation in favor of the insured as the weak party, three specific contractual remedies are identified: The suspension of coverage, the termination of the contract and the the extinction of the contractual relationship by inaction of the parties. / El presente artículo aborda la temática referida a los remedios del contrato de seguro ante el incumplimiento del pago de la prima. r ealizando un análisis de los remedios que planteaba la anterior legislación así como la vigente, el autor examina las consecuencias que tiene el incumplimiento del pago de la prima en la relación contractual. Reconociendo el carácter tuitivo de la legislación en favor del asegurado como parte débil, se identifica tres remedios contractuales específicos: la suspensión de la cobertura, la resolución del contrato y la extinción del contrato por inacción de las partes.