Thesis advisor: Marilyn Cochran-Smith / Preparing students to participate in a democratic society means cultivating citizens who are capable of making informed, rational decisions about complex issues related to the common good. In order to do this, teachers need to provide students learning opportunities that promote critical thinking and involve in-depth examination of meaningful content. Drawing on Gutmann's (1987) theory of democratic education, this dissertation examines how beginning teachers who were prepared in a teacher education program that emphasized social justice and democratic practices think about and engage their students in this type of work. Specifically, using Newmann's (1996) framework of "authentic intellectual work" as an indicator of knowledge consistent with democratic education, this dissertation examines the extent to which the learning opportunities teachers create and the work that students produce demonstrate authentic intellectual work and examines the degree to which teachers' understandings of student learning align with authentic intellectual work. This qualitatively-oriented mixed methods study (Creswell, Plano Clark, Gutmann, & Hanson, 2003; Morse & Niehaus, 2009) used quantitative and qualitative methods concurrently to examine 11 beginning teachers' experiences during the preservice period and first two years of teaching. Using the Teacher Assessment/Pupil Learning protocol, this study draws upon quantitative methods to evaluate teachers' assessments/assignments (n=53) and students' work (n=481) on these assignments and qualitative methods to analyze interviews (n=54). Findings suggest that these beginning teachers and their students engaged in "moderate" levels of authentic intellectual work, although this varied widely. The quality of assessments was positively correlated to the quality of student learning. The degree to which teachers fostered authentic learning opportunities is complicated by teachers' beliefs about assessment and student learning and particular contextual factors such as time, accountability frameworks, classroom management, student ability, and content area. Teachers whose goals for learning aligned with authentic intellectual work were more likely to construct more authentic learning opportunities. This dissertation argues that evaluations of teacher performance and student learning must account for the quality of learning and utilize multiple measures of evaluation. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction.

Orientador: Aparecida Neri de Souza / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T03:22:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mello_MiriamMorelliLimade_D.pdf: 2079004 bytes, checksum: 1f4cf5f8f76a1775e8d813dde7cea280 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar as representações que os professores constroem sobre as dimensões políticas de seu trabalho em escolas públicas de ensino fundamental na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no contexto dasreformas educacionaisdas décadas de 1990 e 2000. Visto sob as relações econômicas e sociais de uma sociedade capitalista fundada sobre a divisão fundamental de classes, o trabalho docente é compreendido como um trabalho intelectual. Teórica e metodologicamente, a discussão sobre o trabalho docente apoiou-se nas concepções de intelectual orgânico e de hegemonia de Antonio Gramsci (1974; 1978a; 1978b; 1999; 2006; 2007). A pesquisa empírica foi realizada em duas escolas públicas municipais e em duas unidades de uma escola pública federal; mediante análise documental, questionários, observação e entrevistas semiestruturadas com 30 professores que trabalham no ensino fundamental.Os resultados obtidos indicam que, em geral, os professores pesquisados constroem representações sobre as dimensões políticas de seu trabalho a partir de um ideário liberal baseado nos princípios do individualismo, daigualdade e da democracia. As trajetórias de formação e profissionaisafetam as concepções políticas imprimindo diferentes nuances em relação à radicalidade ou à crítica deste ideário. As concepções sobre o trabalho docente apontam contradições quanto à dimensão política do lugar da escola na formação dos estudantes. Finalmente, a pesquisa evidencia que o trabalho docente ainda é marcado por relações de trabalho taylorizadas. / Abstract: The research aims to analyze the representations that teachers build on the political dimensions of their work in public elementary schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the context of the educational reforms performed in the 1990s and 2000s. Regarded in the light of the economic and social relations in a capitalist society based on the fundamental division into classes, the teaching work is understood as an intellectual work. Theoretically and methodologically, the discussion about the teaching work relied on the concepts of 'organic intellectual' and 'hegemony' developed by Antonio Gramsci (2007; 2006; 1999; 1978b; 1978a; 1974). The empirical research was conducted in two municipal public schools and in two units of a federal public school through documentary analysis, questionnaires, observation and semi-structured interviews with 30 teachers who work in the elementary school level. The results obtained indicate that, in general, the teachers surveyed build representations on the political dimensions of their work from a liberal body of ideas based on the principles of individualism, equality and democracy. In this scenario, the educational and professional paths affect the political conceptions and produce different nuances concerning the radicalism or criticism on this ideology. The conceptions on the teaching work point out contradictions with regard to the political dimension of the school's place in the education of students. Finally, the research shows that teaching is still marked by taylorized working relationships. / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais na Educação / Doutor em Educação

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The adoption of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology in social studies classroom practices has helped accelerate the achievement of educational goals. However, despite the value that GIS possesses for supporting student learning skills, few schools have adopted it so far. A reason for this deficiency lies in the absence of specific instructional models that demonstrate possible methods for incorporating GIS into class curriculum. This study sought to address this problem, tailored specifically for Kuwaiti social studies classrooms, with the design, development, and validation of a GIS Instructional Model to facilitate AIW. The study employed a design and development research methodology, comprised of five major phases, (i) selection of model components and theoretical foundation, (ii) analysis and development, (iii) formative feedback, (iv) revision, and (v) usability evaluation. In phase one, the Inquiry Design Model (IDM) format and components with AIW framework were selected to provide basic guidelines for the GIS Instructional Model. In phase two, following a comprehensive review of relevant academic literature, and in combination with personal experience, the researcher developed a preliminary GIS Instructional Model. In phase three, two expert reviewers evaluated the model, delivering their opinions by completing an online survey and taking part in follow-up interviews. The expert reviewers were primarily tasked with determining the model's ability to facilitate AIW in a social studies classroom, and providing suggestions for improving its performance. In phase four, the details gleaned from this formative feedback phase were then used to revise the model and enhance its effectiveness. In the last phase, six Kuwaiti expert reviewers assessed this updated version of the GIS Instructional Model to determine what barriers it might face regarding its implementation in the Kuwaiti educational system. They completed an online survey as part of this process and provided possible solutions to address perceived barriers. The data gained from expert reviewer feedback in these formative and usability evaluation phases were analyzed using qualitative methodologies. This step-by-step procedure helped to validate the model. As a result, a ready-to-implement teaching model, with all necessary teaching materials and instructions, was developed for Kuwaiti social studies classrooms. This model is proposed to enable social studies teachers to better understand how to integrate GIS into their classrooms to support AIW. Recommendations are provided for Kuwaiti educational policymakers and stakeholders to help overcome perceived obstacles that may hinder model implementation; suggestions for future research are also included. / Doctor of Philosophy / Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are software-based technologies which simplify the gathering, storing and manipulation of spatially-related data in ways which allow users to visually represent complex geographic phenomena more easily, bringing greater understanding for the world around us. As a result, the integration of GIS technology into social studies classroom practices has assisted student learning and achievement. However, despite the value which GIS possesses, few schools have integrated this technology so far. A significant reason for this limitation is the lack of clear guidelines or models which demonstrate how to employ this technology in the classroom. To help address the problem, this study developed a GIS Instructional Model for Kuwaiti social studies teachers to facilitate student authentic intellectual work, i.e. the student's demonstration of their deeper understanding for the knowledge and skills they are learning. The study employed a design and developmental research methodology, comprised of five major phases, (i) selection of model components and theoretical foundation, (ii) analysis and development, (iii) formative feedback, (iv) revision, and (v) usability evaluation. Phase one involved the selection of the study's theoretical foundation. In phase two, following a comprehensive review of relevant academic literature and, in combination with personal experience, the researcher developed a preliminary GIS Instructional Model. Two expert reviewers evaluated the model in phase three, delivering their opinions by completing an online survey and taking part in follow-up interviews. This feedback was analyzed in phase four, leading to revisions in the GIS Instructional Model to improve its quality for supporting student learning. In the final phase, six Kuwaiti expert reviewers assessed the newly-updated model to determine what barriers it might face regarding its implementation in the Kuwaiti educational system. They completed an online survey as part of this process and provided possible solutions to address these perceived obstacles. This step-by-step procedure helped to validate the model. The overall result was the development of a ready-to-implement teaching model, with all necessary educational materials and instructions, for employing GIS technology in Kuwaiti social studies classrooms to support student authentic intellectual work. In addition, recommendations were provided for Kuwaiti educational policymakers and stakeholders to help overcome perceived obstacles that may hinder model implementation; suggestions for future research are also included.

Esta pesquisa busca examinar as categorias centrais do pensamento de Marx tendo em vista uma questão atual: a expansão da atividade intelectual como forma do trabalho subsumido ao capital. Em contraposição às teorias que veem esta transformação como fator que altera a teoria do valor e torna a compreensão marxiana do capital obsoleta, examino nos textos de Marx a relação geral entre trabalho e conhecimento, pautada em sua compreensão do indivíduo e da sociabilidade. Busco então conectar essas categorias fundantes com a história, distinguindo a dialética do desenvolvimento nas sociedades pré-capitalista e no modo de produção do capital. No interior deste último, destaco dois temas centrais, a categoria de trabalho abstrato como forma social específica do trabalho, e a relação contraditória entre o desenvolvimento das forças produtivas com a forma social do capital. É este desenvolvimento que transforma a relação entre trabalho e conhecimento, bem como a divisão entre trabalho material e trabalho intelectual nesta fase avançada do evolver do capital. A partir do exame deste tema, aponto por fim algumas das mudanças atuais que revelam o aprofundamento da contradição que permeia a reprodução capitalista. Na abordagem destes temas, discuto com autores que buscam explicar as vicissitudes atuais, bem como com comentadores da obra marxiana que privilegiam o ponto de vista lógico ao examinar seus textos. / This research seeks to examine the central categories of Marxs thought regarding a current issue: the expansion of intellectual activity as a form of labor subsumed to capital. In contrast to theories that see this transformation as a factor that changes the theory of value and makes the Marxian understanding of capital obsolete, this research examines the overall relationship between labor and knowledge in Marxs texts, based on his understanding of the individual and sociability. It aims then to connect these founding categories with history, distinguishing the dialectic of development in pre-capitalist societies and the capitalist mode of production. Inside the latter, two central themes are highlighted, the abstract labor category as a specific social form of work, and the contradictory relationship between the development of productive forces and capital-relation. It is this development that transforms the relationship between labor and knowledge, as well as the division between material and intellectual production, at this late stage of capital expansion. From the examination of this issue, it is pointed at last some of the current changes that reveal the depth of the contradiction that pervades capitalist reproduction. In addressing these issues, authors who seek to explain the current changes are discussed as well as interpretations of Marxs thought that favor the logical point of view.

The principle of modern production is to combine modern production techniques, new knowledge, combined with increasingly sophisticated computerized development processes to increase production and processing continuous model itself. The Third Industrial Revolution, characterized by extreme specialization of intellectual labor and tendency to erase the borders between manual and rights, must be analyzed from the perspective of automation based microelectronics, its historical implications and consequences over production process. This paper aims to contribute to this discussion studying the codification of intellectual work from the creation of computing artifacts, or more specifically, the establishment of languages and computational methods that allow the broad process codification of knowledge, fruit of development and production of software for this purpose. The text makes the analysis of two separated types of intellectual work s subsumption. The first type, connected the emergence of the programming language, is characterized by the programmer framework to software tools aimed at the programming process. This activity is strongly linked to language programming methodologies and software development, is required to design the computer program in a process of creating software by software. In this type of production, the software assumes the role of design tool and develops a product that is also a software. In other words, the CAD / CAM systems are built from software tools within a development process marked by similar stages as the automated industrial production: design and implementation. The second type of subsumption is due to the product originated from the first type. Software developed for industry, such as CAD / CAM, allow both the planned design of industrial products and the objectified execution operated by automated machines controlled by software. The industrial software designed to run on machines automated are capable of reprogramming on factory floor through simplified interface in Computer Numerical Control - CNC, thereby expanding the activities of machine s operators and thus extending the boundaries of work in subsumption capital. / O princípio da produção moderna é combinar novas técnicas de conhecimento, aliadas a processos de desenvolvimento computadorizados cada vez mais sofisticados para aumento da produção e aperfeiçoamento contínuo do próprio modelo. A Terceira Revolução Industrial, caracterizada pela extrema especialização do trabalho intelectual e a tendência de apagamento das fronteiras entre trabalho manual e intelectual, deve ser analisada sob o prisma da automação com base microeletrônica, suas implicações históricas e conseqüências ao longo do processo produtivo. O objetivo deste texto é contribuir para essa discussão ao estudar a codificação do trabalho intelectual a partir da criação de artefatos computacionais, ou mais especificamente, do estabelecimento das linguagens e métodos computacionais que permitem o amplo processo de codificação do conhecimento, fruto do desenvolvimento e produção de software com esta finalidade. O texto efetua a análise de dois tipos distintos de subsunção do trabalho intelectual. O primeiro tipo, ligado ao surgimento da linguagem de programação, é caracterizado pelo enquadramento do programador às ferramentas de software voltadas à programação. Essa atividade, fortemente atrelada às linguagens de programação e metodologias de desenvolvimento de software, é requerida para a concepção do programa de computador em um processo de criação de softwares por meio de softwares. Nesse tipo de produção, um software assume o papel de ferramenta de concepção e desenvolvimento de um produto que é também um software. Em outros termos, os sistemas CAD/CAM são construídos a partir de ferramentas de software cujo processo de desenvolvimento é marcado por fases similares às da produção industrial automatizada: concepção e execução. O segundo tipo de subsunção é decorrente do produto originado do primeiro tipo. Os softwares desenvolvidos para a indústria, tal como o CAD/CAM, permitem tanto a concepção planejada dos produtos industriais quanto a execução objetivada operada pelas máquinas automatizadas controladas por softwares. Os softwares industriais desenvolvidos para serem executados nas máquinas automatizadas são passíveis de reprogramação no chão de fábrica através de interfaces simplificadas nos Controles Numéricos Computadorizados CNC, expandindo dessa forma as atividades dos operadores das máquinas e consequentemente ampliando os limites de subsunção de trabalho no capital.

Esta pesquisa busca examinar as categorias centrais do pensamento de Marx tendo em vista uma questão atual: a expansão da atividade intelectual como forma do trabalho subsumido ao capital. Em contraposição às teorias que veem esta transformação como fator que altera a teoria do valor e torna a compreensão marxiana do capital obsoleta, examino nos textos de Marx a relação geral entre trabalho e conhecimento, pautada em sua compreensão do indivíduo e da sociabilidade. Busco então conectar essas categorias fundantes com a história, distinguindo a dialética do desenvolvimento nas sociedades pré-capitalista e no modo de produção do capital. No interior deste último, destaco dois temas centrais, a categoria de trabalho abstrato como forma social específica do trabalho, e a relação contraditória entre o desenvolvimento das forças produtivas com a forma social do capital. É este desenvolvimento que transforma a relação entre trabalho e conhecimento, bem como a divisão entre trabalho material e trabalho intelectual nesta fase avançada do evolver do capital. A partir do exame deste tema, aponto por fim algumas das mudanças atuais que revelam o aprofundamento da contradição que permeia a reprodução capitalista. Na abordagem destes temas, discuto com autores que buscam explicar as vicissitudes atuais, bem como com comentadores da obra marxiana que privilegiam o ponto de vista lógico ao examinar seus textos. / This research seeks to examine the central categories of Marxs thought regarding a current issue: the expansion of intellectual activity as a form of labor subsumed to capital. In contrast to theories that see this transformation as a factor that changes the theory of value and makes the Marxian understanding of capital obsolete, this research examines the overall relationship between labor and knowledge in Marxs texts, based on his understanding of the individual and sociability. It aims then to connect these founding categories with history, distinguishing the dialectic of development in pre-capitalist societies and the capitalist mode of production. Inside the latter, two central themes are highlighted, the abstract labor category as a specific social form of work, and the contradictory relationship between the development of productive forces and capital-relation. It is this development that transforms the relationship between labor and knowledge, as well as the division between material and intellectual production, at this late stage of capital expansion. From the examination of this issue, it is pointed at last some of the current changes that reveal the depth of the contradiction that pervades capitalist reproduction. In addressing these issues, authors who seek to explain the current changes are discussed as well as interpretations of Marxs thought that favor the logical point of view.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The process of productive reorganization, occurred from years 70, generates transformations in the world of the work in the direction to recover the previous patterns of capitalist accumulation. The new organizationally logic of the capital, materialized for the advent of the technologies of the information and the communication, causes the replacement of the work, putting the focus in its intellectual component. In this context, to argue the Technologies of the Information and the Communication and the Intellectual Work in the Federal University of Sergipe brings the necessity of recognizing the central position of the category work, as well as the function of the intellectual work in the production and the diffusion of the scientific knowledge. Therefore, certainly, the conditions where this work is carried through determine the type of formation offered to the learning and, consequently, the position that the institution occupies in the society. / O processo de reestruturação produtiva, instaurado a partir dos anos 70, gera transformações no mundo do trabalho no sentido de recuperar os patamares anteriores de acumulação capitalista. A nova lógica organizativa do capital, materializada pelo advento das tecnologias da informação e da comunicação, acarreta o reposicionamento do trabalho, colocando o foco em seu componente intelectual. Neste contexto, discutir as Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação e o Trabalho Intelectual na Universidade Federal de Sergipe remete-nos à necessidade de reconhecer a centralidade da categoria trabalho, bem como a função do trabalho intelectual na produção e na difusão do conhecimento científico. Pois, certamente, as condições em que esse trabalho se realiza determinam o tipo de formação oferecida aos discentes e, conseqüentemente, a posição que a instituição ocupa na sociedade.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-05-13T18:13:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Barbosa Castralli.pdf: 1682488 bytes, checksum: 1cb7195bd6faa6aae2265c364d2fda6e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-13T18:13:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Barbosa Castralli.pdf: 1682488 bytes, checksum: 1cb7195bd6faa6aae2265c364d2fda6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-28 / The intensification of globalized relations manifests itself as a determining factor in the search for new technologies, not only to meet current needs, but to safeguard future needs. Innovation brings changes in current technology, fundamental for the Brazilian business environment reality, since most of the companies starts small and goes out of business early in life due to lack of competitiveness. Additionally, the global development of human civilization is intrinsically linked to the realization of human rights, being inseparable from it. These facts reveal the importance that the computer program developers have come to represent to the success of businesses and to the socio-economic development of society. The present study about the rapprochement between the elements of the intellectual property of computer programs and business organizations seeks to examine the value that intellectual work gets in contemporary society under the spectrum of human rights. The research is justified by the daily life employment relations and the increase in new resisted claims which inject, in the legal and social domains of the country, new questions and new perspectives. As initial hypothesis it will be adopted as a premise that the dynamogenic process results in consequences to the needs of human beings. By means of dynamogenesis, the value of intellectual work gains new shades. The main thesis of this dissertation is that the employee who is the author of computer programs has being acquiring a new status socialis in corporate structures and that the company, in order to achieve the desired success, must incorporate the typical values of all three human rights dimensions. Therefore, the present research will make use of the method of hypothetical-deductive approach, based on literature and documental research, aiming to look into the main concepts related to the topic and the approximation among labor, capital, environment and scientific and technological development. / O acirramento das relações globalizadas manifesta-se como um fator determinante na busca por novas tecnologias, não só para atender necessidades presentes, mas para resguardar necessidades futuras. A inovação traz mudanças na tecnologia vigente, fundamental para a realidade empresarial brasileira, posto que a maior parte das empresas começa pequena e encerra suas atividades nos primeiros anos de vida devido à falta de competitividade. Adicionalmente, o desenvolvimento global da civilização humana está intrinsecamente relacionado à efetivação dos direitos do homem, sendo dela indissociável. Estes fatos revelam a importância que os desenvolvedores de programas de computador passaram a representar para o sucesso das empresas e para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico da sociedade. O presente estudo sobre a aproximação entre os elementos da propriedade intelectual dos programas de computador e as organizações empresariais busca examinar o valor que o trabalho intelectual adquire na sociedade contemporânea, sob o espectro dos direitos humanos. A pesquisa se justifica em razão da vivência cotidiana da relação de emprego e o aumento de novas pretensões resistidas que injetam, na seara jurídica e social do país, novos questionamentos e novas perspectivas. Como hipótese inicial será adotada como premissa que o processo dinamogênico vem acarretando consequências às necessidades dos seres humanos. Por meio dele o valor do trabalho intelectual ganha novas matizes. A principal tese da dissertação é a de que o empregado autor de programas de computador vem adquirindo um novo status socialis nas estruturas empresariais e que a empresa para alcançar o sucesso deve absorver os valores característicos das três dimensões de direitos humanos. Para tanto, a pesquisa pautar-se-á pelo método hipotético dedutivo, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, para averiguar os principais conceitos correlatos ao tema e a aproximação entre o trabalho, o capital, o meio ambiente e o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico.

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