The aim of this master thesis is to consider appropriate solutions of entering the foreign market. After introducing of the company follow the external and internal analysis. The thesis proves a suitability of the target market, deals with a choice of the product portfolio. It also mentions and checks the expectations of new market’s behaviour. In the final part of the thesis we can find a proper suggestions for entering the target market, steps and measures, which the monitored company shouldn’t leave out.

This master´s thesis deals with compiling a marketing plan for L 410 NG aircraft, manufactured by Aircraft Industries a.s.. The first part includes general theoretical knowledge, focusing on the process of formulating a plan by analyzing the external environment SLEPTE , Porter's five forces model, SWOT analysis and marketing mix 5P. In the second analytical part, the fundamental theory is applied to the company. On the basis of the results achieved, the individuals steps of a new marketing plan, including costs and time schedule are formulated in the final part of the thesis.

Syfte: Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur konsumenters köpbeslut påverkas utifrån deras kunskap och uppfattning om produkters tillverkningsland (Country of Manufacture). Metod: I denna studie används den kvalitativa forskningsmetoden där datainsamlingen utfördes genom 10 kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer via telefonsamtal och Zoom-möten. Slutsatser: Informationen om ett tillverkningsland används i konsumenternas utvärdering av alternativ i form av stereotyper om länder, vilket även påverkar deras förväntningar av produktens inre värden. Påverkan av informationen om tillverkningslandet är större vid personliga och känslomässiga aspekter i form av fientlighet, affinitet och etnocentrism. Bakomliggande faktorerna till dessa aspekter är politik, hållbarhet och religion vilket uppstår på kollektiv och individuell nivå utifrån deras livssituation och tidigare erfarenheter. Dessutom tar konsumenten ställningstaganden över om de ska genomföra ett köp eller inte utifrån dessa aspekter. / Purpose: This study aims to investigate how consumers purchasing decisions are affected based on their knowledge and perception of the Country of Manufacture of products. Method: This study has a qualitative research method where collection of data was performed through 10 qualitative semi-structured interviews via telephone conversations and Zoom meetings. Conclusions: The information about a Country of Manufacture is used in consumers' evaluation of alternatives in the form of stereotypes about countries, which also affects their expectations of the product's intrinsic values. The influence of the information about the Country of Manufacture is greater in personal and emotional aspects in the form of animosity, affinity and ethnocentrism. The underlying factors to these aspects are politics, sustainability and religion, which arises on a collective and individual level based on their life situation and previous experiences. In addition, the consumer takes a stand on whether or not to make a purchase based on these aspects.

Welche Bedeutung hat Kultur für das Konsumverhalten? Die hier vorgelegte Auseinandersetzung mit dieser Frage im Kontext der Mischkultur Indonesiens zeichnet sich aus, dass sie über die Binnenräume der jeweiligen Wissenschaftsfächer, wie der Südostasienkunde und der Betriebswirtschaftslehre, weit hinausragt und für die Beantwortung der Fragestellung ein neu entwickeltes analytisches Diagramm zur strukturierten Analyse kultureller Einflüsse auf das Konsumverhalten aufweist, das die Möglichkeit, Märkte interkulturell zu erschließen, eröffnet. Die Untersuchung der den indonesischen Konsumenten beeinflussenden Kulturelemente ist ein Indizienbeweis gegen die so häufig postulierte Vorstellung eines global, homogen denkenden und universalistisch handelnden Konsumenten, die mit der Fallstudie eines für das Nischensegment der verschleierten Musliminnen in Indonesien geschaffenen Shampoos eines Weltkonzerns abschließt. / What impact does culture have on consumer behavior? The discussion of the above question in the multicultural context (Mischkultur) of Indonesia is characterized by the fact that it goes far beyond the limits of the respective scientific fields like Southeast Asian studies or business studies. It provides a new analytical diagram for structural analysis of cultural influences on consumer behavior which offers the possibility to develop new markets in an intercultural manner. Investigation of cultural factors influencing Indonesian consumers has indicated that the often postulated globally homogenous thinking and universally acting consumer is merely a myth. This investigation concludes with a case-study dealing with a shampoo developed by a multinational for the niche segment, Indonesian veiled Muslim women.

A área de estratégia, por meio da teoria baseada em recursos (RBT), desenvolve estudos que procuram compreender as características, recursos, capacidades e processos que levam algumas empresas, na mesma indústria, a terem um desempenho melhor que seus concorrentes. A RBT atingiu a maturidade teórica exigindo novos rumos para a sua revitalização. Simultaneamente, os estudiosos de marketing internacional afirmam que a teoria sobre a imagem do país de origem (COI) precisa ser revigorada e recomendam que ela seja analisada à luz da literatura de estratégia. É sob essa perspectiva que esta tese apresenta a sua contribuição, desenvolvendo e validando uma escala de importância de COI na perspectiva empresarial. O construto foi desenvolvido com base em uma capacidade específica da empresa: a construção e gestão da marca. Para isso, as bases teóricas sobre RBT, interface entre RBT e marketing, COI e marca foram revisadas e, ancorada nesta literatura, foi possível identificar os processos para incorporar a COI na estratégia da marca, os quais foram utilizados como dimensões da escala. Foram realizados diversos procedimentos psicométricos seguindo as recomendações de diversos psicometristas. O constructo foi definido como a capacidade de gestão da incorporação da COI à marca (BCOI), que reflete a importância conferida pela empresa para usar a COI como um recurso na construção da capacidade de marca. Após a etapa inicial, em que foram gerados e validados os itens com pesquisadores e com gestores, realizou-se um levantamento com 457 executivos. A amostra foi dividida em duas subamostras para aplicação de diferentes técnicas estatísticas. Na subamostra 1 foi realizada uma análise fatorial exploratória que confirmou o modelo inicial da escala delineado junto a pesquisadores e gestores no processo de geração de itens. Esse modelo foi testado na subamostra 2 por meio da análise fatorial confirmatória e da modelagem de equação estrutural. Os resultados indicaram que a BCOI se manifesta por meio de 26 itens organizados em cinco dimensões: elementos textuais e visuais, sentidos, recursos culturais, recursos naturais e empregados / The strategy stream, through resource theory based (RBT), develops studies that seek to understand the characteristics, features, capabilities and processes that lead some companies in the same industry, to have a better performance compered to its competitors. The RBT has reached the theoretical maturity requiring new directions for its revitalization. Simultaneously, international marketing scholars claim that the theory about the country of origin image (COI) needs to be invigorated and recommend it to be examinated in the light of the strategy literature. It is from this perspective that this thesis presents its contribution by developing and validating a scale of importance of COI in business perspective. The construct was developed based on a specific capability of the company: building and manageming the brand (branding). For this, the theoretical basis of RBT, the interface between marketing and RBT, COI and branding were reviewed and anchored in this literature, it was possible to identify the processes to incorporate the COI in the brand strategy, which were used as scale dimensions. various psychometric procedures following the recommendations of several psychometricians were performed. The construct was defined as the branding capability of COI incorporation (BCOI), which reflects the importance given by the company to use the COI as a resource in brand building capability. After the initial stage, in which items were generated and evaluated with researchers and managers, a survey with 457 executives was held. The sample was divided into two subsamples for application of different statistical techniques. An exploratory factor analysis was performed with subsample 1. The EFA produced an initial scale model that was tested in subsample 2 through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results indicated that the BCOI iis manifested through 26 items organized into five dimensions: textual and visual elements, senses, cultural resources, natural resources and employees.

Submitted by Julia Paz (jujupaz982@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-22T23:48:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Julia Oliveira da Paz - MPGI.pdf: 1348434 bytes, checksum: ce5312f2481b5da32bfc6078123c3003 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josineide da Silva Santos Locatelli (josineide.locatelli@fgv.br) on 2017-01-23T14:28:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Julia Oliveira da Paz - MPGI.pdf: 1348434 bytes, checksum: ce5312f2481b5da32bfc6078123c3003 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-23T16:57:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Julia Oliveira da Paz - MPGI.pdf: 1348434 bytes, checksum: ce5312f2481b5da32bfc6078123c3003 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-20 / In recent years, emerging markets – considered the lead countries of the ‘developing world’ – have been outgrowing developed countries within the scope of the luxury market worldwide. Consequently, these new markets represent a promise, at the same time as a challenge to traditional luxury brands. According to Atwal and Bryson (2014), a significant increase in the consumer base of emerging markets coupled with the geographic shift in wealth allowed international luxury brands to enter 25 new markets in 2013 such as Brazil, India, Russia and China. Within this context, one of the challenges of the research will be to focus in one of the most significant emerging markets worldwide – Brazil – to be able to deeply understand the specificities of this market and the implications to the luxury strategy of perfume brands. In details, this research will also focus on the Brazilian perfumes sector. The main objective is to discuss how international luxury brands of the perfumes sector adapt their strategy given the complexities and specificities of the Brazilian luxury market and its perfumes sector. As an exploratory qualitative research, this study will analyse luxury brands of perfumes sector and their practices in Brazil from the managerial and strategic perspective. From the theory, the study will present two main perspectives on luxury strategy to, then, give an overview of the perfume sector within the Brazilian market and the specificities of the Brazilian consumer. Finally, the research will focus on the brands’ perspective to discuss how they adapt their strategies to this specific market and sector. For this approach, the methods will be in depth interviews with brands’ executives, complemented with archival research. By exploring a vague subject within a specific context from a new perspective than usually found in the existing literature, the main contribution of this research will be for managers and leaders of luxury perfume brands to use as a possible guideline of best practices of luxury strategy within this market. In other words, through the managerial and strategic perspective studied for each of the chosen brands, the result of this research will present similarities and divergences between theory and practice in order for these managers and leaders to acknowledge the challenges and specificities to be faced within the Brazilian luxury market and perfumes sector / Nos últimos anos os mercados emergentes – considerados os principais países do 'mundo em desenvolvimento' – têm superado os países desenvolvidos no âmbito do mercado de luxo mundial. Consequentemente, ao mesmo tempo em que representam um importante desafio para marcas de luxo, também oferecem grande potencial. De acordo com Atwal e Bryson (2014), os mercados emergentes alteraram a perspectiva do cenário mundial para o mercado de luxo uma vez que o aumento da base de consumidores, principalmente dada a ascensão da classe média com rendas mais altas, fez com que marcas internacionais de luxo entrassem em 25 novos mercados em 2013, como Índia, Brasil, China e Rússia. Sendo assim, um importante desafio desta pesquisa será abordar um dos mercados emergentes mais significativos no cenário mundial – Brasil – de forma a entender a fundo as especificidades deste mercado e, consequentemente, as implicações que estas podem trazer às marcas de perfumes de luxo. Mais especificamente, a pesquisa focará no setor de perfumes brasileiro. O principal objetivo é discutir como as marcas internacionais de luxo, no setor de perfumes, adaptam suas estratégias dadas as complexidades e especificidades do mercado de luxo brasileiro e seu setor de perfumes. Na forma de pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, esta dissertação analisará marcas de luxo de perfumes e suas práticas no mercado brasileiro das perspectivas gerencial e estratégica. A análise teórica apresentará duas teorias principais sobre elementos de uma estratégia de luxo e abordará o setor de perfumes do mercado brasileiro e o próprio consumidor brasileiro. Por conseguinte, a pesquisa em si focará na perspectiva das marcas estudadas com objetivo de discutir como elas adaptam suas estratégias a este mercado e setor específicos. Neste contexto, a metodologia terá como principal fonte de informações as entrevistas em profundidade com executivos das marcas, complementada com pesquisa documental. Através do estudo de um contexto específico e pouco abordado na literatura existente, a contribuição desta pesquisa será de direcionar a líderes e marcas deste setor um guia de melhores práticas da estratégia de luxo, específico para este mercado. Ou seja, a partir da perspectiva gerencial estudada para cada uma das marcas abordadas o resultado da pesquisa apresentará similaridades e divergências entre teoria e prática para que executivos de marcas de luxo internacionais tenham conhecimento dos desafios a serem enfrentados no contexto brasileiro.

A área de estratégia, por meio da teoria baseada em recursos (RBT), desenvolve estudos que procuram compreender as características, recursos, capacidades e processos que levam algumas empresas, na mesma indústria, a terem um desempenho melhor que seus concorrentes. A RBT atingiu a maturidade teórica exigindo novos rumos para a sua revitalização. Simultaneamente, os estudiosos de marketing internacional afirmam que a teoria sobre a imagem do país de origem (COI) precisa ser revigorada e recomendam que ela seja analisada à luz da literatura de estratégia. É sob essa perspectiva que esta tese apresenta a sua contribuição, desenvolvendo e validando uma escala de importância de COI na perspectiva empresarial. O construto foi desenvolvido com base em uma capacidade específica da empresa: a construção e gestão da marca. Para isso, as bases teóricas sobre RBT, interface entre RBT e marketing, COI e marca foram revisadas e, ancorada nesta literatura, foi possível identificar os processos para incorporar a COI na estratégia da marca, os quais foram utilizados como dimensões da escala. Foram realizados diversos procedimentos psicométricos seguindo as recomendações de diversos psicometristas. O constructo foi definido como a capacidade de gestão da incorporação da COI à marca (BCOI), que reflete a importância conferida pela empresa para usar a COI como um recurso na construção da capacidade de marca. Após a etapa inicial, em que foram gerados e validados os itens com pesquisadores e com gestores, realizou-se um levantamento com 457 executivos. A amostra foi dividida em duas subamostras para aplicação de diferentes técnicas estatísticas. Na subamostra 1 foi realizada uma análise fatorial exploratória que confirmou o modelo inicial da escala delineado junto a pesquisadores e gestores no processo de geração de itens. Esse modelo foi testado na subamostra 2 por meio da análise fatorial confirmatória e da modelagem de equação estrutural. Os resultados indicaram que a BCOI se manifesta por meio de 26 itens organizados em cinco dimensões: elementos textuais e visuais, sentidos, recursos culturais, recursos naturais e empregados / The strategy stream, through resource theory based (RBT), develops studies that seek to understand the characteristics, features, capabilities and processes that lead some companies in the same industry, to have a better performance compered to its competitors. The RBT has reached the theoretical maturity requiring new directions for its revitalization. Simultaneously, international marketing scholars claim that the theory about the country of origin image (COI) needs to be invigorated and recommend it to be examinated in the light of the strategy literature. It is from this perspective that this thesis presents its contribution by developing and validating a scale of importance of COI in business perspective. The construct was developed based on a specific capability of the company: building and manageming the brand (branding). For this, the theoretical basis of RBT, the interface between marketing and RBT, COI and branding were reviewed and anchored in this literature, it was possible to identify the processes to incorporate the COI in the brand strategy, which were used as scale dimensions. various psychometric procedures following the recommendations of several psychometricians were performed. The construct was defined as the branding capability of COI incorporation (BCOI), which reflects the importance given by the company to use the COI as a resource in brand building capability. After the initial stage, in which items were generated and evaluated with researchers and managers, a survey with 457 executives was held. The sample was divided into two subsamples for application of different statistical techniques. An exploratory factor analysis was performed with subsample 1. The EFA produced an initial scale model that was tested in subsample 2 through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results indicated that the BCOI iis manifested through 26 items organized into five dimensions: textual and visual elements, senses, cultural resources, natural resources and employees.

Ce travail étudie l’influence des questions environnementales sur le commerce international à partir des échanges de bois tropicaux Malaisie – Europe, la Malaisie étant un important exportateur de bois. Les avantages comparatifs des produits forestiers Malaisiens sont évalués, ainsi que la propension à payer le bois issu de gestion forestière durable par les consommateurs français (en tant qu’Européens). La première partie envisage les différences de perception entre pays développés et pays en développement pour le lien entre commerce et environnement. Il apparaît que les normes environnementales agissent comme des barrières non-tarifaires. Ces barrières sont accentuées par les critères de marquage, d’étiquetage, et de technologie imposés par les pays importateurs. La seconde partie analyse le rôle clé de la Malaisie dans le commerce des bois tropicaux. Les principaux marchés d’exportation des bois Malaisiens sont évalués. Le marché Européen est étudié plus en détail. Il apparaît que les ventes de meuble ont dépassé en 2004 celles des autres principaux produits forestiers. Sur le marché Européen la Malaisie fait face à la concurrence de produits tropicaux à bas prix venant de Chine, et à celle de produits forestiers éco-certifiés venant du Brésil. Concomitamment, l’engagement de la Malaisie dans une dynamique de gestion plus durable y crée une pénurie relative de matériau brut. La troisième partie calcule l’index de Balassa d’avantage comparatif, pour 21 produits forestiers Malaisiens sur le marché Européen. Seuls 5 produits industriels intermédiaires ou à transformation fortement mécanisée, ont un avantage comparatif marqué. Il s’agit des sciages, moulures, contreplaqués, placages, charpente et menuiserie industrielle. Les autres produits présentent des avantages comparatifs faibles ou même négatifs. La quatrième partie estime la propension à payer pour différents attributs environnementaux, ainsi que d’autres tels le commerce équitable et l’origine géographique. Un questionnaire reprenant ces attributs pour du parquet bois hypothétique a été utilisé. Il semble que les consommateurs soient prêts à rémunérer le plus les critères de commerce équitable et d’origine Française, la gestion durable étant recherchée dans une moindre mesure. La propension à payer les tous les attributs varie en fonction des notions et attitudes qu’ont les consommateurs sur l’éco-certification, l’environnement, ainsi qu’en fonction de leur lieu d’habitation, niveau d’éducation et de revenu, et type de profession. Enfin les résultats des 4 parties sont synthétisés en reliant les échelles micro et macroéconomiques, avec les dimensions de demande et d’approvisionnement. D’une façon générale, les résultats suggèrent que les opportunités et contraintes propres à la l’industrie du bois de Malaisie façonnent les exports de produits. La Malaisie s’adapte en se tournant vers des produits à plus haute valeur ajoutée et à moindre impact environnemental, pour pallier aux barrières commerciales et à la pénurie relative de matériau. La Malaisie s’est dotée d’une certification nationale (Malaysian Timber Certification) propre à remplir les critères de durabilité et de légalité de l’Europe, et s’est engagée la gestion durable des forêts. / This study analyses the international timber trade between Malaysia and Europe with respect to the importance of environmental issues on trade and the role of Malaysia as a major timber exporter to Europe. It also evaluates the comparative advantage of Malaysian wood products and the willingness of French consumers (to represent European communities) to pay for sustainable forest management. The first part gives an overview the clashes of perception between developed and developing countries on the environmental concerns over trade. It was observed that environmental standards may act as non-tariff barriers to exporting countries. In addition, the stringent requirements posed by importing countries on technical, marking and labelling to some extent provide unnecessary barriers to trade. The second part deals with the role of Malaysia as a key player in the tropical timber trade. This part evaluates the main export market for Malaysian wood products to the world. For the purpose of this thesis, the analysis focuses on the European market. From the observations, it was found that the export of wooden furniture surpassed major timber exports in 2004. However, to penetrate the European market, Malaysia has to compete with the Chinese with their lower cost tropical wood products, and Brazil with their advantage in certification and labelling of tropical wood products. In tandem with that, the commitment towards sustainable forest management at national level causes shortage of raw materials in Malaysia. To a certain extent, the internal and external factors create necessary challenges to enter the European market. In the third part, the Balassa approach was used to classify the comparative advantage of Malaysia’s twenty one types of wood products in Europe. It was estimated that Malaysia had high comparative advantage only in five products which were mechanized and intermediary industrial products. The products identified were sawn wood, wooden mouldings, plywood, veneer and builders’ joinery and carpentry. The remaining products had lower comparative advantage and disadvantage to export to the European market based on the Balassa index. In the last part, the estimation on the willingness to pay for sustainable forest management attributes was conducted. Besides that, additional attributes such as fair trade and wood origin were included. A questionnaire was set up using all the attributes reflected in the hypothetical wood flooring product in the market. Based on the result, consumers were willing to pay the highest for the presence of fair trade and wood origin (in this study referring to French origin); nevertheless they were still willing to pay for sustainable aspects of forest. However, the willingness to pay for all the attributes was altered depending on the respondents’ knowledge of forest labelling, their attitudes towards environmental preservation, living area, education level, type of job and income level. In the overall finding of the thesis, all the results from each part were synthesized in a systemic approach simultaneously deliberating on the macro and microeconomic perspectives as well as the dimensions on demand and supply. Overall, the findings suggest that the challenges and constraints facing the Malaysian timber industry indirectly shaped the export of Malaysian wooden products. Malaysia has adapted by going into value-added products to lessen the impact of environment-related trade barriers and to circumvent the shortage of raw materials supply. Malaysia has successfully customized the wooden products to the sustainability and legality requirements of the European market by pursuing the national certification (Malaysian Timber Certification) and being committed to sustainable forest management objectives.

Master’s thesis deals with the proposal of communication mix for start-up company. This strategy is based on theoretical knowledge of international marketing, marketing communications as well as the analysis from the study of external and internal factors of the company.

Master‘s thesis shows the value of the company and possible active export products to foreign markets. Parts the work are also of important information, analysis and solutions on how best to use this process in the company's favor. The firm could face a situation where it is possible to achieve considerable competitive advantage.