This dissertation makes progress on the mind-body problem by examining certain key features of epistemic defeasibility, introspection, peer disagreement, and philosophical methodology. In the standard thought experiments, dualism strikes many of us as true. And absent defeaters, we should believe what strikes us as true. In the first three chapters, I discuss a variety of proposed defeaters—undercutters, rebutters, and peer disagreement—for the seeming truth of dualism, arguing that not one is successful. In the fourth chapter, I develop and defend a novel argument from the indefeasibility of certain introspective beliefs for the conclusion that persons are not complex objects like brains or bodies. This argument reveals the non-mechanistic nature of introspection. / text

La recherche en didactique des sciences s'intéresse depuis longtemps au processus visant à faire évoluer les conceptions erronées intuitives des élèves : le changement conceptuel. Or, malgré les nombreuses avancées qu'ont permis les recherches dans ce domaine, les conceptions erronées des élèves persistent, particulièrement pour les concepts contre-intuitifs (Giordan, 1998). De récentes recherches pointent vers l'idée que certaines de ces conceptions ancrées pourraient provenir de l'interférence du raisonnement intuitif. De plus, la littérature a déjà établi, en mathématiques, que le fait de donner une réponse correcte allant de pair avec son intuition faisait appel à un processus de raisonnement différent de celui nécessaire pour surmonter des interférences intuitives. En effet, il semble dans ce dernier cas lié à l'activation de mécanismes d'inhibition (Stavy & Babai, 2010; Stavy, Goel, Critchley & Dolan, 2006). Dans ce contexte, la présente étude tient compte de l'apport des neurosciences et de la psychologie cognitive dans l'étude de la capacité des élèves à surmonter leurs intuitions en sciences. Sommairement, cette recherche tente de mieux comprendre le processus de raisonnement des élèves lorsqu'ils sont face à des concepts scientifiques contre-intuitifs. Pour ce faire, une tâche informatisée présentant des stimuli intuitifs et contre-intuitifs (interférences intuitives) autour du concept de masse volumique a été construite. Cette tâche, qui a le potentiel d'être utilisée dans un appareil d'imagerie cérébrale, a été présentée à 684 élèves âgés de 8 à 14 ans. Des données comportementales (temps de réaction, exactitude des réponses) ont été recueillies, puis analysées. Ces données nous indiquent que 1) les élèves prennent plus de temps à surmonter des interférences intuitives qu'à donner des réponses qui vont de pair avec leur intuition; 2) le pourcentage de réponses correctes données aux stimuli contre-intuitifs augmente avec l'âge; 3) le temps de réaction aux stimuli contre-intuitifs réussis diminue progressivement avec l'âge. Ces résultats viennent appuyer l'idée que la maturation des mécanismes cérébraux d'inhibition aurait un rôle à jouer dans le développement de la capacité de surmonter des interférences intuitives en sciences, et laissent entendre qu'il pourrait être pertinent de développer des interventions pédagogiques ayant pour but de développer les fonctions exécutives des élèves (inhibition). ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : masse volumique, règles intuitives, inhibition, temps de réaction, science, apprentissage, fonctions exécutives, interférence intuitive, raisonnement intuitif

The research examined the links between intuition, interest in creative thought and the artistic interests of students. Most literature in the past linked intuition with creativity and artistic aptitude, but the question about the specific influence thereof on choosing an artistic career led to many different perspectives. The influence of thoughts and feelings on intuition was examined, as well as their connection to artistic inspiration. The researcher proposed that these factors provide a basis for an artistic career. Research was done on the links between interest in creative thought, artistic interest and intuition. The difference in correlation between intuition and Fine Arts and Performing Arts was also examined. The literature study focused on Jung's typology of personality, and his descriptions of intuition, feelings, thoughts, creative thoughts, art, artistic interest and inspiration, fine arts and performing arts, and their links with intuition. Quantitative research was done as a once-off cross-sectional design. Eight hundred and sixteen students of the University of Pretoria were included in the quantitative research. Intern Psychologists of Student Support Services evaluated these participants with the Jung Personality Questionnaire (JPQ), the South African Vocational Interest Inventory (SAVII) and the 19-Field Interest lnventory (19-FII). Two-directional frequency analyses were used to determine the links between the results of the intuition factor and the feeling and thought factors of the JPQ. The Spearman correlation coefficients were used as measures of the strength of general relation between the results of the intuition factor of the JPQ and the results of Fine Arts, Performing Arts and Creative Thought of the 19-FII and the A 2 (Creative design) and A 3 (Entertainment) of the SAVII. Variance analyses were used to determine the influence of intuition on interest in Fine Arts and Performing Arts. The responses to interview schedules by participants from two focus groups, namely 5 second year Drama students and 5 Fine Arts students, were analysed in the qualitative research. Most participants from the quantitative study fell within the intuition-feeling category and the percentage of participants in the intuition-feeling category was greater than those in the intuition-thought category. Results were supported by the qualitative study. The conclusion was drawn that intuition is more linked to feeling than is thought. Inspiration for art does develop from feeling, but it will be communicated by thoughts, after interplay between intuition and feeling. The quantitative study confirmed that intuition plays a bigger role than sensation when there is interest in careers requiring creative thought. Interest in creative thought also showed a positive link with interests in fine arts and performing arts. The conclusion was drawn that intuition plays an important role in occupations involving interest in creative thought. However, interest in creative thought is still dependent on feeling for verification in the creative process. The research showed that intuition, a personal life-long passion, or love of art were determining factors when an artistic career choice was made. It was therefore concluded that intuition has a strong relation to artistic interest. It was determined that intuition, as well as factors such as a person's strengths and weaknesses, and knowledge of the requirements and demands of success, work together in shaping an artistic career choice. Intuition showed a tendency for a greater correlation with Fine Arts than with Performing Arts. The research had certain deficiencies, as it was only conducted on university students and it did not make provision for environmental influences. The qualitative research was too structured and the JPQ was not developed initially for quantitative analyses. The examination of interest in creative thought could not provide an explanation of the complete creative process. However, the research was of value to counselling psychologists for making career recommendations, as it provided valuable information in artistic careers. It also created a possible framework for future research on the assessment of artists to assist them in developing and reaching their full potential. / Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Disertacijos tyrimo objektas yra estetikos sampratos transformacijos problema kontinentinėje XX amžiaus Vakarų filosofijoje. Šiuolaikiniame mąstyme susiduriame su būtinybe peržiūrėti modernistinę estetikos sampratą, nes tampa vis labiau akivaizdu, kad ja vadovaujantis neįmanoma paaiškinti subjektyvios meno patirties keliu prieinamos išskirtinių būties tiesų atverties. Dėl šios priežasties šiuolaikinėje filosofijoje kvestionuojamas pats „estetikos“ terminas, argumentuojant, kad estetika, arba meno filosofija, turėtų ne nustatyti meno kūrinio vertinimo kriterijus, bet kelti sau tikslą mąstyti dėka tų prieštaravimų, kurie neišvengiamai lydi meno patirtį. Disertacijoje estetikos sampratos transformacija analizuojama nagrinėjant italų filosofo Benedetto Croce‘s estetiką ir vokiečių mąstytojo Hanso Georgo Gadamerio meno filosofiją. Teigiama, kad Croce ir Gadameris, nesutikdami su Kanto filosofijos įtakoje susiformavusia subjektyvistine modernistinės estetikos samprata, skirtingais būdais įrodo, jog meno patirties keliu pasiekiami tokie bendražmogiški patyrimo aspektai, kurie niekaip kitaip nėra prieinami. Parodoma, kad Croce‘s filosofijoje prie modernistinės estetikos sampratos transformacijos priartėjama pamatiniu pažinimu įvardinus ne jusles ir ne protą, bet kūrybinę intuiciją. Konstatuojama, kad Gadameris savo hermeneutikoje transformuoja subjektyvistinę modernistinės estetikos sampratą į meno filosofiją, meno kūriniui suteikdamas ontologinį statusą ir iškeldamas meno... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of the dissertation is the problem of the transformation of the concept of aesthetics in Western continental philosophy of the 20th century. In contemporary thought the need to review the modernist concept of aesthetics becomes more and more evident as on the basis of this concept it is impossible to explain how revelation of unique metaphysical truths is attained by way of subjective experience of art. For this reason, in contemporary philosophy the very term of “aesthetics” is questioned, arguing that aesthetics or the philosophy of art, instead of establishing the criteria of judgement of an artwork, should rather aim at thought due to the controversies and paradoxes inevitably surrounding the experience of art. In the dissertation the transformation of the concept of aesthetics is analysed by examining the aesthetics of the Italian philosopher Benedetto Croce and the philosophy of art of the German thinker Hans Georg Gadamer. The study argues that by opposing the subjectivist concept of modernist aesthetics formed under the influence of Kant, Croce and Gadamer prove, in different ways, that the way of the experience of art allows to attain the aspects of common human experience that are unattainable in any other way. The research demonstrates that in Croce’s philosophy the transformation of the modernist concept of aesthetics is approached by choosing creative intuition, rather than senses or reason, as a fundamental way of knowing. The dissertation states... [to full text]

The object of the dissertation is the problem of the transformation of the concept of aesthetics in Western continental philosophy of the 20th century. In contemporary thought the need to review the modernist concept of aesthetics becomes more and more evident as on the basis of this concept it is impossible to explain how revelation of unique metaphysical truths is attained by way of subjective experience of art. For this reason, in contemporary philosophy the very term of “aesthetics” is questioned, arguing that aesthetics or the philosophy of art, instead of establishing the criteria of judgement of an artwork, should rather aim at thought due to the controversies and paradoxes inevitably surrounding the experience of art. In the dissertation the transformation of the concept of aesthetics is analysed by examining the aesthetics of the Italian philosopher Benedetto Croce and the philosophy of art of the German thinker Hans Georg Gadamer. The study argues that by opposing the subjectivist concept of modernist aesthetics formed under the influence of Kant, Croce and Gadamer prove, in different ways, that the way of the experience of art allows to attain the aspects of common human experience that are unattainable in any other way. The research demonstrates that in Croce’s philosophy the transformation of the modernist concept of aesthetics is approached by choosing creative intuition, rather than senses or reason, as a fundamental way of knowing. The dissertation states... [to full text] / Disertacijos tyrimo objektas yra estetikos sampratos transformacijos problema kontinentinėje XX amžiaus Vakarų filosofijoje. Šiuolaikiniame mąstyme susiduriame su būtinybe peržiūrėti modernistinę estetikos sampratą, nes tampa vis labiau akivaizdu, kad ja vadovaujantis neįmanoma paaiškinti subjektyvios meno patirties keliu prieinamos išskirtinių būties tiesų atverties. Dėl šios priežasties šiuolaikinėje filosofijoje kvestionuojamas pats „estetikos“ terminas, argumentuojant, kad estetika, arba meno filosofija, turėtų ne nustatyti meno kūrinio vertinimo kriterijus, bet kelti sau tikslą mąstyti dėka tų prieštaravimų, kurie neišvengiamai lydi meno patirtį. Disertacijoje estetikos sampratos transformacija analizuojama nagrinėjant italų filosofo Benedetto Croce‘s estetiką ir vokiečių mąstytojo Hanso Georgo Gadamerio meno filosofiją. Teigiama, kad Croce ir Gadameris, nesutikdami su Kanto filosofijos įtakoje susiformavusia subjektyvistine modernistinės estetikos samprata, skirtingais būdais įrodo, jog meno patirties keliu pasiekiami tokie bendražmogiški patyrimo aspektai, kurie niekaip kitaip nėra prieinami. Parodoma, kad Croce‘s filosofijoje prie modernistinės estetikos sampratos transformacijos priartėjama pamatiniu pažinimu įvardinus ne jusles ir ne protą, bet kūrybinę intuiciją. Konstatuojama, kad Gadameris savo hermeneutikoje transformuoja subjektyvistinę modernistinės estetikos sampratą į meno filosofiją, meno kūriniui suteikdamas ontologinį statusą ir iškeldamas meno... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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Background: One the latest developments in the banking sector are online banks, which provide their services only online while physical offices are not available. Market research conducted in Germany, have shown that Germans are hesitating to adopt to the digital offered banking services. The major barrier for adoption is due to trust issues, which are rooted in perceived security and privacy protections. Earlier literature has found that other website interaction factors are also playing a role in order to enhance the trustworthiness of a website. Trust is a necessity in every economic and social relationship, since all relationships involve a possibility that one of the actors behaves opportunistically, and takes advantage of the other actor. The chance of opportunistic behavior contributes to the level of judged risk in the specific relationship, and together with trust ultimately affects the adoption of online banks. In order for users to become consumers of an online bank, they need to judge the online bank website as trustworthy. These judgments can be done either intuitively or throughout reasoning, considering information. The marketing field is emphasizing that intuitive judgments are essential in order to attract new consumer. However, the psychology field is stressing that even though most individuals tend to rely on intuitive judgments, these can be wrong since they can be based on heuristics and include biases. Purpose: In order to understand the formation of judgments by users of an online bank website, the purpose of our thesis is twofold. First, to measure the relationships between the website interaction factors and the concepts trust and risk. Second, with a lower degree of ambition, the purpose is to measure the relationship between intuitive and reasoned trust judgments. Methodology: The study was conducted through a quantitative research method. A six-point scale questionnaire was used in order to examine the relationships between trust, risk and the website interaction factors. A web-based questionnaire was sent out to German web users, where in total 122 respondents responded. The sample was equally split into online bank consumers and non-consumers. The statistical analysis of the data revealed results enabling to fulfill the purpose. Results: The findings of our thesis demonstrate that online bank consumers and non-consumers do not significantly differ in their judgments regarding the websites. The perceptions of the information quality, security and privacy protection are found as the most influential website interaction factors towards the trust judgments. Privacy and security protection are mostly influence website users in their risk judgment. Our study further reveals that online bank website users make their trust judgments through the first impression while further considerations of the websites' content enhance their trust judgments.

Research in psychological type theory – especially that done by Jensen and DiTiberio on type and composition – has offered writing teachers another way to understand the different writing processes of their students. One aspect of composition that has not been researched with regard to psychological type theory is the writing style of students. This study proposes a relationship between psychological type theory (specifically the sensing and intuition continuum) and the writing styles of First Year Composition students. Seventy-two students participated in the study, taking the MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) and submitting their diagnostic essays to be analyzed using Corbett's stylistic analysis. The results suggest a relationship between writing style and personality type that teachers can use to tailor lesson plans for students (in areas such as revision and audience awareness) to increase student growth. / Department of English

Practical Approach In this project I have been exploring how to work intuitively and exploratory with animation, lyrical animation, dynamic paintings – whatever you might call it. Traditional animation is meticulous; it has a strong emphasis on planning the storytelling. This approach derives from the fact that the production of traditional animation is extremely time-­‐consuming and thus expensive in either time or money. I started this project with an experience of how modern software and hardware can help you bypass these hurdles, and perhaps enabling a more experimental, improvising approach without necessarily compromising the output quality. I have my starting point in illustration and acrylic painting as a medium, which I, in this project have been implementing in the software After Effects Theoretical Approach I make sense of the world through metaphors. The metaphor allows me to understand something even though I haven’t experienced it myself. An experience, a sensation, can have transparent qualities. It can be superimposed onto the experiences of others; scaled up or down a bit or change the time and the setting. Perhaps it is this, which allows us to have empathy? When I tell a story, I am making a room of my feelings that others can step into and we can share an experience. In this project, I have been trying to find a way to tap into the vapors of my imagination. Through intuition-­‐driven animation excises, I try to solidify my vague inklings, hoping to make my mind somewhat permeable to yours.

The research examined the links between intuition, interest in creative thought and the artistic interests of students. Most literature in the past linked intuition with creativity and artistic aptitude, but the question about the specific influence thereof on choosing an artistic career led to many different perspectives. The influence of thoughts and feelings on intuition was examined, as well as their connection to artistic inspiration. The researcher proposed that these factors provide a basis for an artistic career. Research was done on the links between interest in creative thought, artistic interest and intuition. The difference in correlation between intuition and Fine Arts and Performing Arts was also examined. The literature study focused on Jung's typology of personality, and his descriptions of intuition, feelings, thoughts, creative thoughts, art, artistic interest and inspiration, fine arts and performing arts, and their links with intuition. Quantitative research was done as a once-off cross-sectional design. Eight hundred and sixteen students of the University of Pretoria were included in the quantitative research. Intern Psychologists of Student Support Services evaluated these participants with the Jung Personality Questionnaire (JPQ), the South African Vocational Interest Inventory (SAVII) and the 19-Field Interest lnventory (19-FII). Two-directional frequency analyses were used to determine the links between the results of the intuition factor and the feeling and thought factors of the JPQ. The Spearman correlation coefficients were used as measures of the strength of general relation between the results of the intuition factor of the JPQ and the results of Fine Arts, Performing Arts and Creative Thought of the 19-FII and the A 2 (Creative design) and A 3 (Entertainment) of the SAVII. Variance analyses were used to determine the influence of intuition on interest in Fine Arts and Performing Arts. The responses to interview schedules by participants from two focus groups, namely 5 second year Drama students and 5 Fine Arts students, were analysed in the qualitative research. Most participants from the quantitative study fell within the intuition-feeling category and the percentage of participants in the intuition-feeling category was greater than those in the intuition-thought category. Results were supported by the qualitative study. The conclusion was drawn that intuition is more linked to feeling than is thought. Inspiration for art does develop from feeling, but it will be communicated by thoughts, after interplay between intuition and feeling. The quantitative study confirmed that intuition plays a bigger role than sensation when there is interest in careers requiring creative thought. Interest in creative thought also showed a positive link with interests in fine arts and performing arts. The conclusion was drawn that intuition plays an important role in occupations involving interest in creative thought. However, interest in creative thought is still dependent on feeling for verification in the creative process. The research showed that intuition, a personal life-long passion, or love of art were determining factors when an artistic career choice was made. It was therefore concluded that intuition has a strong relation to artistic interest. It was determined that intuition, as well as factors such as a person's strengths and weaknesses, and knowledge of the requirements and demands of success, work together in shaping an artistic career choice. Intuition showed a tendency for a greater correlation with Fine Arts than with Performing Arts. The research had certain deficiencies, as it was only conducted on university students and it did not make provision for environmental influences. The qualitative research was too structured and the JPQ was not developed initially for quantitative analyses. The examination of interest in creative thought could not provide an explanation of the complete creative process. However, the research was of value to counselling psychologists for making career recommendations, as it provided valuable information in artistic careers. It also created a possible framework for future research on the assessment of artists to assist them in developing and reaching their full potential. / Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.