Supply chain agility has been receiving a lot of attention in recent literature as a way for organizations to become more responsive to change and improve customer service levels. However, agility is typically dealt with qualitatively, and organizations are usually unsure of the steps to take to improve their agility and the customer service level to target. This research studies supply chain agility based on a case study of Intel Corporation, a large semiconductor manufacturer. Here, agility is defined as the ability to satisfy customer demands by reacting effectively to changes in market stimuli. Reacting effectively does not mean reacting to every change in supply or demand. Doing so means increasing supply chain variability unnecessarily, which is amplified by the bullwhip effect. The essence of supply chain agility is determining the degree to which variability should be managed through artificial means such as safety stock, and appropriate triggers for changing production levels and inventory targets. The purpose of this research is to examine factors that influence supply chain agility and identify a cost-effective plan for achieving it. The first phase addresses the problem of identifying target inventory and customer service levels based on regression analysis of historical data and financial analysis of inventory holding costs and stock-out costs. The impact of three factors (forecast error, order lead-time, and demand variability) on the relationship between inventory and customer service level is also examined. The second phase of the research evaluates strategies for production and inventory control with the goal of finding the appropriate trade-off between minimizing cost (of holding inventory and stock-outs) and minimizing variability. Control policies based on the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) control chart with control limits on demand forecasts are proposed to detect when tighter control of processes is necessary. A Monte Carlo supply chain simulation is used to evaluate the performance of these policies under various levels of forecast error and demand variability. Results indicate that several control chart-based policies outperform Intel's current planning policy in terms of cost without significantly increasing variability. The selection of the appropriate policy must be based on the decision-makers' desire to minimize cost compared to the desire to minimize variability, as each policy results in a trade-off between these two objectives.

In 2008, the State of Florida established a recycling goal of 75% to be achieved by 2020. In response to the Florida goal Orange County (OC), Florida has made the development and implementation of an efficient strategy for landfill diversion of its solid waste a top priority. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) estimated that 23 % of municipal solid waste was generated by construction and demolition (C&D) activities in 2009, with only 30 percent of C&D debris being recycled. Therefore, OC decided to create a solid waste integrated resource plan (SWIRP) initially focused on the recovery and recycling of C&D materials (2010). For SWIRP development, OC decision makers need the best available data regarding C&D debris generation and composition and an understanding of the potential markets available for recycled materials. In this investigation debris generation was estimated over the period of 2001 to 2009 for the largest single governing body within OC, unincorporated OC (UOC), representing 65 percent of county population. The debris generation model was constructed for years 2001-2010 using area values for C&D activities in six sectors obtained from building permits and debris generation multipliers obtained from literature values. The benefit of the model is that as building permit information is received, debris generation estimations can also be expediently updated. Material composition fractions obtained from waste characterization studies of landfills in the Central Florida area were applied to the debris generation model resulting in a material iv composition for all sectors for years 2001-2010. The material composition of the debris stream was found to be, on average, concrete (53%) drywall (20%), wood (12%), a miscellaneous fraction (8%), asphalt roofing material (4%), metal (2%), cardboard (1%) and carpet and padding (1%). A market analysis was performed for concrete, drywall, wood, asphalt roofing shingles and residual screened materials (RSM). It was found that statewide, markets existed for 100 percent of the materials studied and could replace significant amounts of natural material feedstocks, but that the development of more local markets was vital to meeting OC’s diversion goal to minimize the cost of transporting recyclables.

The problem of this study addresses a preliminary Rasch rating scale analysis of the Brief Symptom Inventory in relation to reliability and validity. Also, this investigator will utilize information provided by the latent trait psychometric model.

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In this thesis, we have conducted a holistic capacity analysis of Scania's Gearbox and Axle finished goods inventory, as they transition toward electrified mobility and have expectations of higher production volumes. Due to an increase in the volumes, the current capacity of the inventory is expected to not be enough. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse Scania's inventory, from a current and future perspective using a simulation approach and identify ways of managing the increased new production demands. Two objectives are answered in order to get a holistic capacity analysis. The first deals with an organisational perspective and how the organisation and way of working impact the capacity of the process. The goal is to identify barriers in the way of working in order to achieve more efficient production. By conducting semi-structured interviews with co-workers and managers, we gather insight into current problems and improvement areas in the production and IT systems in the inventory. We can also understand how communication flows between customers and suppliers in the internal supply chain and what effect communication has on the FVL process. The second objective deals with how storage time policies affect the production and inventory levels. With the help of discrete event simulation and both current and future production data, we find scenarios where inventory levels are within the limits of the inventory capacity by adjusting the time policies. Our results indicate that by adjusting storage time policies and having efficient production, the capacity of the finished goods inventory is sufficient for future demand scenarios. However, there is a strong connection between organisational aspects and capacity, and in order to handle higher volumes, factors such as communication, IT systems and ways of working need to be improved. Lastly, we provide recommendations for dealing with these issues, such as reducing lay time in inventory, changing the shift schedule for operators 2 and 3, including late order handling in the warehouse management systems, and consolidating the different IT systems into one. / I denna avhandling har vi genomfört en holistisk kapacitetsanalys av Scanias färdigvarulager för växellådor. Eftersom Scania aktivt arbetar med att introducera nya eldrivna produkter samtidigt som de fortsätter produktionen av fossildrivna produkter, förväntas produktionsvolymerna öka. Vid ökade volymer uppstår förväntningar om att kapaciteten i lagret inte kommer att räcka till. Syftet med denna avhandling är att analysera Scanias lager ur både ett nuvarande och ett framtida perspektiv. För att få en holistisk analys besvarar vi två frågeställningar. Det första handlar om ett organisationsperspektiv och hur organisationen och arbetssättet påverkar kapaciteten i processen. Målet är att identifiera hinder i arbetssättet för att uppnå en effektivare produktion. Genom att genomföra semistrukturerade intervjuer med medarbetare och chefer kan vi få insikt i nuvarande problem och förbättringsområden i produktionen, samt IT-system som används i lagret. Vi kan också förstå hur kommunikationen flyter mellan kunder och leverantörer i den interna leveranskedjan och vilken effekt kommunikationen har på FVL-processen. Det andra fokuset ligger på hur liggtiden av produkter påverkar lagernivån. Genom att använda diskret händelsesimulering så kan vi med hjälp av nuvarande och framtida produktionsdata, identifiera scenarier där lagernivå ligger inom gränserna för lagerkapaciteten genom att justera liggtiden. Från våra resultat finner vi att genom att minska liggtiden är kapaciteten av lagret tillräcklig för framtida volymökningar. Det finns dock en stark koppling mellan organisatoriska aspekter och kapacitet, och för att hantera högre volymer behöver faktorer som kommunikation, IT-system och arbetssätt förbättras. Slutligen ger vi rekommendationer för att hantera dessa frågor, såsom att minska liggande tid i lagret, ändra skiftschema för operatör 2 och 3, inkludera hantering av sena order i lagerhanteringssystemen, samt konsolidera de olika IT-systemen till ett enda.

Bakgrund: För företag som håller lager är en viktig faktor för att lyckas öka effektiviteten att arbeta med lagerstyrning. Lagerstyrning handlar om planering och kontroll av lagret för att kunna serva kunderna och produktionen. Inom lagerstyrning är det viktigt att företag fattar beslut gällande vilken orderkvantitet som ska beställas samt när ordern ska läggas för att finnas tillgänglig på lagret vid rätt tidpunkt. Företag kan använda sig av säkerhetslager vid styrning av sitt lager för att försäkra sig om att de kan hantera osäkerheter i efterfrågan och produktion. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utifrån analys av lagerstyrningsteori utforma en teoretisk lagerstyrningsmodell för att skapa förståelse för hur lageromsättningshastigheten kan öka. Vidare ska den framtagna modellen empiriskt appliceras på Sandviks produktionsavdelning i Svedalas aktuella artiklar för att identifiera möjliga förbättringar. Metod: Studien har genomförts som en fallstudie på Sandviks produktionsavdelning i Svedala baserat på en teoretisk framtagen lagerstyrningsmodell. Teoriinsamlingen till utformandet av den teoretiska lagerstyrningsmodellen har inhämtats via facklitteratur och vetenskapliga artiklar. Empiriinsamlingen har gjorts med hjälp av intervjuer och numerisk data. Både teori och empiri har sedan analyserats utifrån ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt. Avslutande kommentarer: Den framtagna teoretiska lagerstyrningsmodellen börjar med att presentera kriterier som påverkar lageromsättningshastigheten, sedan presenteras steg för att genomföra en ABC-klassificering och slutligen presenteras olika lagerstyrningsmetoder för att bestämma hur orderläggningen ska ske samt hur stortivsäkerhetslagret ska vara. Den teoretiska lagerstyrningsmodellen är pedagogisk och tydlig för att skapa förståelse hos företag om hur de kan öka sin lageromsättningshastighet. Lagerstyrningen som formades utifrån den teoretiska lagerstyrningsmodellen för Sandviks produktionsavdelning i Svedala bestod av orderläggningsmetoderna lot-for-lot, uppskattad orderkvantitet och täcktidplanering samt säkerhetslager baserat på manuella bedömningar och baserat på ledtidsförbrukningen. Med hjälp av denna lagerstyrning ska de proaktivt undvika föråldrat och långsamtgående lager i framtiden. / Background: In order to increase the efficiency for companies that keep inventory, they need to work with inventory control. Inventory control regards planning and control of the inventory to increase customer and production service. Within inventory control, it is important that companies make decisions regarding the quantity to be ordered and when the order will be added to be available in the warehouse at the right time. Companies can use safety stock to ensure that they can deal with uncertainties in demand and production. Purpose: The purpose of this study is, based on analysis of inventory control theory, to design a theoretical model of inventory control to create an understanding for how the inventory turnover may increase. Furthermore, the theoretical model will be empirically applied to Sandvik's production department of Svedala's current articles to indicate improvements. Method: The study has been made as a case study at Sandvik´s production department in Svedala, based on a developed theoretical model of inventory control. Theory collection to the design of the theoretical model of inventory control has been obtained through professional literature and scientific articles. Empirical data has been collected through interviews and numerical data. Both theory and empirical data have been analyzed from a qualitative approach. Concluding remarks: The designed theoretical model of inventory includes criteria that affect inventory turnover, the steps to implement an ABC classification and various inventory control methods to determine how the placement of orders should be implemented and the amount of safety stock that should be held. The theoretical model vi of inventory control is pedagogical and clear to create an understanding regarding how companies can increase their inventory turnover. The inventory control that was formed for Sandvik´s production department in Svedala, on the basis of the theoretical model of inventory control, consisted of the ordering methods, lot-for-lot, estimated order quantity and cover-time planning. The methods for safety stock were safety stock based on manual assessments and on lead time consumptions. With this control Sandvik´s production department in Svedala, proactively can avoid obsolete and slow moving inventory in the future

O presente trabalho, sob o referencial da Teoria da Regulação Pessoal e Social da Conduta Delituosa, ocupou-se da compreensão da adaptação pessoal de um grupo de adolescentes judiciarizados (GJ) em comparação a um grupo de adolescentes não-judiciarizados (GNJ). Sessenta adolescentes do sexo masculino, com idades entre 16 e 18 anos, participaram da pesquisa, 30 constituindo o GJ e 30 constituindo o GNJ. A coleta de dados foi feita com três instrumentos: Invetário de Personalidade de Eysenck, (IPE), Inventário de Personalidade de Jesness (IPJ) e Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI). Os resultados indicaram diferenças de adaptação pessoal entre os grupos na medida em que o GJ e o GNJ tiveram médias significativamente diferentes em muitas das dimensões dos instrumentos utilizados (Propensão à Delinqüência, Neuroticismo e Psicotismo do IPE; DS, OV, Im, Au, Al, AM e IA do IPJ e; Tristeza, Insatisfação, Punição, Auto-aversão, Choro, Perda de Apetite e Escore Total do BDI). As diferenças entre os grupos revelaram que a adaptação pessoal do GJ é deficitária, denotando um desenvolvimento de personalidade mais egocêntrico (em oposição a um desenvolvimento alocêntrico da personalidade), em comparação ao GNJ. Os resultados obtidos através dos três instrumentos foram discutidos à luz dos resultados publicados pela literatura científica sobre o tema. Teceram-se algumas considerações finais acerca das contribuições trazidas por este estudo, bem como acerca de suas limitações. / This study was conducted under the basis of the Offensive Behavior Personal and Social Regulation Theory. It aimed to understand the personal adaptation of a group of adjudicated adolescents (AG) in comparison to a group of non- adjudicated ones (NAG). Sixty male adolescents with ages between 16 and 18 years participated of the research (30 composing AG and 30 composing NAG). The data collection was made with three instruments: Eysenck Personality Inventory, (EPI), Jesness Personality Inventory (JPI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The results indicated that the groups differentiated on personal adaptation as AG and NAG had significantly different averages in many of the dimensions of the instruments (Propensity to the Deliquency, Neuroticism and Psicoticism of the IPE; SM, VO, Im, Au, Al, MA and AI of the IPJ and Sadness, Dissatisfaction, Punishment, Self-aversion, Tears, Appetite loss and Total score of the BDI). The inter-group differences showed that the AG personal adaptation is low, denoting a more self-centered personality development (the opposite of a personality alocentric development), in comparison to the NAG. The results from the three instruments were discussed in a comparison with the published results from scientific literature on the subject. Some final considerations regarding the contributions brought by this study, as well as some considerations regarding its limitations was carried out.

Yau Man-Kuen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 222-234). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 0 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter PART A: --- Logistics in Hong Kong 一 Overview and Prospects / Chapter A.1 --- Study Objectives --- p.3 / Chapter A.2 --- Methodology --- p.4 / Chapter A.3 --- What is Logistics? --- p.4 / Chapter A.3.1 --- Major Trends --- p.6 / Chapter A.4 --- Key Features of the Logistics in Hong Kong & China --- p.8 / Chapter A.4.1 --- China Industry --- p.8 / Chapter A.4.2 --- National Developments in China --- p.13 / Chapter A.4.3 --- Hong Kong Industry --- p.16 / Chapter A.5 --- Growth Trends & Statistics for Hong Kong --- p.25 / Chapter A.6 --- Competitive Analysis for Hong Kong as a Logistics Hub --- p.45 / Chapter A.6.1 --- Current Industry Strengths --- p.45 / Chapter A.6.2 --- Current Industry Weaknesses --- p.46 / Chapter A.6.3 --- Competitiveness Challenges --- p.47 / Chapter A.6.4 --- Future Opportunities --- p.51 / Chapter A.7 --- Changing Conditions and Infrastructure Needs --- p.54 / Chapter A.7.1 --- Trade --- p.54 / Chapter A.7.2 --- Technology --- p.56 / Chapter A.7.3 --- Investment --- p.56 / Chapter A.7.4 --- Human Resources --- p.57 / Chapter A.7.5 --- Government and Regulation --- p.58 / Chapter A.8 --- Recommendations --- p.61 / Chapter A.9 --- Conclusions --- p.64 / Chapter A.10 --- Future Work --- p.65 / Chapter PART B: --- Inventory Management with Advance Ordering / Chapter Chapter B.1 --- Introduction --- p.66 / Chapter B.1.1 --- Overview --- p.66 / Chapter B.1.2 --- Literature Review --- p.69 / Chapter Chapter B.2 --- Model Formulation --- p.72 / Chapter B.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.72 / Chapter B.2.2 --- Mathematical Model --- p.74 / Chapter B.2.3 --- Preliminaries --- p.76 / Chapter B.2.4 --- Table of variables --- p.77 / Chapter Chapter B.3 --- Study of Window Size0 --- p.79 / Chapter B.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.79 / Chapter B.3.2 --- Mathematical Model --- p.79 / Chapter B.3.3 --- Proof of Window Size0 --- p.81 / Chapter Chapter B.4 --- Study of Window Size1 --- p.94 / Chapter B.4.1 --- Introduction --- p.94 / Chapter B.4.2 --- Mathematical Model --- p.95 / Chapter B.4.3 --- Optimal Ordering Policy for Window Size1 --- p.95 / Chapter B.4.4 --- Special Case of Uniformly Distributed Demand --- p.109 / Chapter B.4.5 --- Discussion of Fukuda's Paper --- p.114 / Chapter Chapter B.5 --- Simulation Study of Window Size1 --- p.120 / Chapter B.5.1 --- Simulation Models --- p.120 / Chapter B.5.2 --- Simulation Program Structure --- p.126 / Chapter B.5.3 --- Simulation Numerical Analysis --- p.131 / Chapter Chapter B.6 --- Simulation Study of Window Size K --- p.172 / Chapter B.6.1 --- Simulation Models --- p.172 / Chapter B.6.2 --- Simulation Program Structure --- p.179 / Chapter B.6.3 --- Simulation Numerical Analysis --- p.181 / Chapter Chapter B.7 --- Conclusion and Further Studies --- p.201 / Appendix (PART A) --- p.204 / Appendix (PART B) --- p.208 / Bibliography (PART A) --- p.222 / Bibliography (PART B) --- p.229

The master thesis deals with theories of temperament from the perspective of their linkages with biological essence of man. In theoretical chapters, it is examined how research of temperament has evolved over time, and there are presented the most important biology- oriented theories, ranging from classical antique temperaments, to Pavlov's differentiation of personalities according the reactivity of nervous system, and finally to Eysenck's, Gray's and Cloninger's modern theories of temperament. Empirical research is dedicated to the testing of interdependencies between temperamental questionnaires. 4Elements Inventory test based on an element approach theory and Cloninger's TCI-R test representing biological approach in temperament observation were analyzed on a research sample, and correlation and regression analysis was performed. If we have to assign the most similar dimensions of both tests to each other according to content analysis, we would expect relationships between the Harm Avoidance and Fire (negative), Novelty Seeking and Air, Reward Dependency and Water and Persistence and Earth. The relationship of Novelty seeking and Air (r = 0.73) and negative relationship of Harm Avoidance and Fire (r = -0.74) were confirmed as the strongest relationships. The correlation between Reward...

Introduction: Nowadays beverage companies must focus on maintaining healthy finishedgoods inventory stocks in order to be able to decrease inventory costs, meet customerrequirements and to obtain competitive advantage. However many beverage SMEdon’t have an accurate planning and forecasting to manufacturing inventories. Thereforethey often face the problem of optimization in inventory management due to several differentreasons. As a result, company loses its competitiveness. Thus, there is a need tocoordinate Inventory activities of beverage SMEs to improve inventories’ planning. The purpose of this study is to analyze how inventory management is organized in a small Chinese beverage company. Frame of reference: This research is based on the theoretical framework relates with InventoryManagement (IM) and Retailer-managed inventory (RMI), vendor-managed inventory(VMI) and Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR).Empirical Data were collected through personal interviews and organization documents. Methodology: The research strategy for this paper is a single case study. This strategy allows investigating topic in its real life context. The inductive approach is used for this research based on qualitative data. The major source of data collection was semi-structured interviews and the company's documents. For analyzing data categorization approach was applied. Conclusion: The study found that inventory management theories presented in scientificliteratures are used in practice. To achieve better inventory management for beverageSMEs, the authors summarize four importance parameters based on literatures and findings.The authors also provide some suggestions based on the importance parameters inthe conclusion to optimize the case company’s inventory management.