Le paysage sonore relève de la discrétion. L’écoute est une expérience solitaire dont le raffinement potentiel reste difficile à cerner par le langage, contaminé par l’image.Il existerait pourtant des formes de visualisations sonores dans l’art, qui nous permettraient paradoxalement d’aller au plus près des nuances de l’écoute et de révéler des aspects in-vus du paysage. Oubliés, inconscients, peu ou non encore repérées, mais non muets pour cela, ils participeraient à notre habiter. L’expérimentation constructive, c’est-à-dire l’écouter renforcé par un modus operandi spécifique, « la plongée », sorte de technique de chute, progressivement réelle, virtuelle autorisant des ajustements posturaux très fin, et le représenter quasi aveuglément, nous aiderait à les retrouver. La visualisation sonore opèrerait d’abord comme un outil de médiation. Parce qu’elle jongle délibérément avec la multi-sensorialité, elle permettrait de distinguer entre ce qui est donné à voir (figure) et ce qui est donné à vivre (fond).Elle fonctionnerait ensuite comme un support d’analyse, qui nous permettrait d’examiner l’action in situ in vivo d’un corps qui non se représente, mais qui trace pour mieux s’inscrire dans le mouvement. Doté d’une haute réceptivité et créativité, il serait capable d’assimiler le jeu d’une playing aura toujours plus actuelle par la convolution des gestes corporels (postures d'écoute, gestes plastiques) et ambiants (le « déjà là » sans qu’on en ait forcément conscience : les effets de la forme construite, les effets climatiques, culturels et sémantiques). Le mouvoir ensemble des corps et corporéités se densifierait momentanément sous forme de nœuds. L’organisation discrète, néanmoins concrète de ces figures de synthèse des transitions, de ces sommes, esthétiques, sensibles et intensives, que nous appellerons aussi des « motifs » de l’écoute, serait typique. Nos modes exploratoires et de restitution nous appendraient à les lire. Cela nous permettrait non seulement de nous comprendre en tant qu’êtres parmi des créatures tempérées, mais de découvrir un paysage simultanément guide et conséquence, dont l’habiter/construire se déclarerait dans et par son architecturation élastique, poreuse et à pouvoir intime. Nous serions alors en mesure d’opérer un bougé d’apparence du paysage. Nous examinerons l’ensemble de ces expériences à l’aide de notre corpus premier (d’origine artistique), tout en les raisonnant à l’aide de critères d’évaluation mixtes (Art, Architecture). Nous vérifierons nos modes d’exploration et de restitution à l’aide d’examens cognitifs. Nous les réfléchirons encore à travers des arguments phénoménologiques et philosophiques. Nous-nous intéresserons ensuite aux environnements artificiels. Nous pensons en effet qu’ils interviennent dans la texture de nos expériences. Comme elles instaurent des gestuelles normées qui assistent de plus en plus nos actes contemporains d’habiter/construire, elles méritent d’être évaluées. Tout en nous appuyant ici sur notre corpus second, qui se compose d’enquêtes auprès d’autres sujets percevants, nous analyserons les conséquences d’une telle incarcération technologique des gestes et plus précisément le comment elle interfère avec nos perceptions et nos représentations. Nous examinerons également des interfaces sensoriellement et gestuellement enrichies. Nous y étudierons les étiquettes, les décalages et les handicaps culturels. Nous réfléchirons enfin sur l’incorporation de nos mesures à l’intérieur des outils et maquettages existants. Nos modes d’exploration et de restitution s’illustreraient comme des auxiliaires de l’écoute sensible, qui deviendrait communément partageable. Instruments-mêmes d’une linguistique de l’in-vu, dont le spontané sophistiqué nous aiderait de nous mettre à la place de l’autre, ils permettraient de créer des connexions, de partager et de croiser nos idées, de faire évoluer nos interconnaissances et de concevoir des constructions collaboratives. / Soundscape noticed to discretion. Hearing is a solitary experience whose potential refinement remains difficult to surround by language because its visual contamination.There exist yet kinds of sound visualisations in art, which would paradoxically permit us to approach very close nuances of hearing and to wander to un-viewed aspects of landscape. Forgotten, unconscious, but not mute at all, they are a part in our living and constructing activities. The constructive experimentation, which means the action of hearing reinforced by a specific modus operandi, a kind of falling, called « the plunge » and the quasi blind representing, could help us to discover them again. This technique, gradually real, virtual would complete the experience by finely postural adjustments.The sound visualisation operates here first as a tool for mediation. Wilful juggling with multi-sensory generated meaning it permits us not only to distinguish both which is given to see (figure) and to live (fond, substance), but also to discover the action of a body which is not representing it-self but tracing in the aim of better inscription into the movement. By virtue of high receptivity and creativity this body would be able to assimilate a playing aura which means the main present, conscious and unconscious, always topical because of the convolution of bodily gestures (listening poses, plastic expressions) and ambient gestures (the yet there, not automatically conscious: the acoustic, climatic, cultural and semantic effects). The moving together of bodies and body like beings would momentarily become denser and shaping knots. The discreet nevertheless concrete organisation of these synthetic figures of transitions, of this aesthetic, sensory and intensive summary, which we call even listening patterns, in the sense of motif, is typical. Our exploration and reproduction modes would help us to learn to interpret them.From then, we would not only understand us as beings among other tempered creatures, but also discover a landscape simultaneously guide and consequence, whose elastic, porous and intimate proceedings and values of living/constructing would make us able to carry out a fade of landscape appearance.We will study all these experiences through our principal corpus (artistic one). We will argue them by mixed evaluations (artistic, architectural ones). We will verify our exploration and restitution modes by cognitive exams. We will think about them by phenomenological and philosophical reasoning.After this we wont become interested by artificial environments. We think in fact that they intervene in the texture of our experience. As they institute normed gestures, which assist more and more frequently our contemporary living/constructing acts they need to be gauged. Leaning on our secondary corpus, which is composed by investigations with other perceiving subjects, we will analyse the consequences of this kind of technological imprisonment of the gestures and precisely the how they interfere with our perceptions and representations. We will also examine gestural and sensory enriched interfaces. The sound visualisation would help us to make etiquettes, shifts and handicaps clear, to think about incorporation of our measurements into the existing tools and models.Our exploration and restitution modes would make us more attentive for sensible aspects of listening, which would become a common divisible. Linguistic instruments of the un-viewen whose sophisticate spontaneous would help us to set to the place of our next neighbour they would permit us to create connexions, to divide up and to cross our ideas, to mature our mutual knowledge and to conceive collaborative constructions.

Trop de jeunes entre 15 et 29 ans rencontrent de nombreux obstacles à leur insertion dans la vie d’adulte. Une description de cette génération et un focus sur les jeunes en déserrance nous permettent d’affirmer, d’une manière générale, qu’ils sont confrontés à un déficit de confiance, ont du mal à trouver leur place dans la société, et qu’une partie non négligeable d’entre eux est entrée en invisibilité (ni en éducation, ni en formation, ni en emploi, ni en accompagnement). Pour prendre la mesure du problème, nous avons construit des statistiques mettant en lumière la géométrie variable de la jeunesse, indiquant les degrés de précarité, de l’insertion à l’invisibilité. Le croisement des résultats avec la situation professionnelle des parents, le type de logement et le lieu d’habitation nous permet d’affiner la sociologie des « invisibles ». Les chiffres montrent pour les jeunes, que trois sur dix sont en situation précaire, un actif sur cinq est au chômage, un sur vingt est en invisibilité totale, et parmi les « invisibles », neuf sur dix ne sont plus issus des seules Zones Urbaines Sensibles (ZUS) et deux sur cinq sont issus de milieu plutôt favorisé. Ce qui change radicalement l’image des exclus faisant jusqu’à présent l’objet des « Politiques de la ville ». De plus nous avons comparé deux régions pour montrer que les politiques régionales influencent les résultats statistiques de l’invisibilité. Pour mieux comprendre ce phénomène, nous avons construit un outil de diagnostic : un « Agenda Social de la Jeunesse » qui a permis de critériser les nombreux éléments d’un inventaire exhaustif des outils et structures travaillant avec les jeunes à partir d’une agglomération de la région parisienne, et de comparer l’état de la « jeunesse » dans cinq pays d’Europe. Les résultats de ces deux études mettent à jour les failles de l’offre à tous les niveaux. Certes elles sont multiples, mais relèvent plus de l’empilement, sans réelle coordination ni cohérence. Elles en deviennent inefficaces et sont, de plus, sous-dimensionnées en regard notamment du fort taux de natalité en France produisant les deux tiers de l’accroissement naturel de la population des vingt-huit pays de l’Union Européenne. Par ailleurs, notre pays a mal anticipé les mutations sociétales en matière d’éducation, de formation et d’emploi. Les conséquences sont fondamentales : cela empêche provisoirement de résorber le chômage et explique en partie la situation des jeunes français, le nombre important d’invisibles et leur sentiment de ne plus être des citoyens à part entière. La jeunesse est devenue est véritable sujet de complication pour les décideurs publics, malgré leurs bonnes intentions. Une politique publique de « jeunesse » cohérente doit être pensée en dissociant la gestion préventive du « flux » des décrochés du système de formation et de l’emploi, de la gestion curative du « stock » des « invisibles » nécessitant d’aller les chercher sur le territoire et de repenser la deuxième chance et l’accompagnement jusqu’à leur insertion sociale et dans l’emploi, condition de leur autonomie. Ces deux axes mobilisent des politiques à court terme pour réparer les dégâts du passé, mais ne doivent pas empêcher de penser au long terme, nous obligeant à envisager un changement de paradigme politique. L’emploi est-il encore un élément structurant de la société ? Nous l’entendons comme d’utilité sociale, produisant de la fierté et offrant une place dans la société. Nous pensons que non, alors quel nouveau modèle de société faut-il construire ? Quels outils conceptuels et opérationnels faut-il proposer ? Il nous semble que dans un pays d’abondance, nous devons jouer la carte de « l’humain », en équilibrant les moyens d’assistance pour sortir de l’aide à la survie, les moyens d’insertion pour donner à chacun(e) une place dans la société, et enfin les moyens politiques pour réinscrire les jeunes dans une citoyenneté active. Notre thèse a pour objectif d’ouvrir des pistes de solutions / Too many young people between 15 and 29 years meet many obstacles with their integration in society as adult. A description and a focus on this young people in difficulty. enable us to affirm, generally, that they are confronted with a deficit of confidence, have difficulty finding their niche in society, and that a considerable part of them become marginalized, apart from education professional training, employment, nor in accompaniment). We call this phenomenon “invisibility”. In order to estimate the problem, we built statistics clarifying the variable geometry of youth, indicating the degrees of precariousness, from integration to invisibility. The crossing of the results with the professional situation of the parents, the type of housing and the place of dwelling enables us to refine the sociology of “invisibility”. The figures show that, in the case young people, that three out of ten are in precarious situation, an active upon five is unemployed, one upon twenty is in total invisibility, and among the “invisible ones”, nine out of ten are not from only Disadvantaged urban areas (ZUS) and two out of five are from rather favored medium. These results change radically the image of excluded people. The actual « city policies » don’t take this reality in to account. being until now the object of the “Policies of the city”. Moreover we compared two areas to show the regional policies influence the statistical results of invisibility.To better understanding of this phenomenon, we built diagnostic tools: a “Social Diary of the Youth” which allowed us to determine the many elements of an exhaustive inventory of the tools and structures working with the young people in the urban area of the Paris region. Then we compare it to the Youth situation in five countries of Europe. The results of these two studies level up to date the fails of the institutions. They are multiple, but raise more stacking, without real coordination nor coherence. They become ineffective and, moreover, are underestimate considering particularly the french strong birth rate producing two thirds of the natural increase in the population of the twenty-eight countries of the European Union. In addition, our country badly anticipated the social changes as regards education, professional training and employment. The consequences are fundamental: that temporarily prevented from reabsorbing unemployment and partly explains the situation of young French, the significant number of “invisible” people and their feeling of exclusion.Youth became is true subject of complication for the public decision makers, in spite of their good intentions. A coherent youth public policy have to be thought by dissociating the preventive management of “flows” of people excluded from the system curative management of the “stock” of the “invisible” people requiring outward journey to seek them on the territory and to reconsider the second chance and the accompaniment in social integration and employment, as a condition of their autonomy. These two axes mobilize short-term policies to repair the damage of the past, but we have to think the long run, and to consider a change of political paradigm. Is employment still a structuring element of society? We understand it as social utility, producing pride and offering a place in society. We think it doesn’t, so which new model of society is necessary to build it? Which conceptual and operational tools are necessary? It seems to us that in a country of abundance, we have to play the card of “humanism”, by balancing the assistance tools to leave the survival way, integration tools to give to each one a place in society, and finally the average policies to replace young people in an active citizenship. Our thesis aims to open some tracks of solutions.

The purpose of this thesis is to explore the changes to family dynamics that result from invisible symptoms of acquired brain injury The perspective put forth is that of individuals living with invisible symptoms of acquired brain injury. This study is based on a thematic analysis of the findings from nine semi-structured interviews with individuals (aged 24-64 yrs.; 6 men, 3 women) who have been formally diagnosed with an acquired brain injury. The data is interpreted and discussed using a critical framework, specifically, Critical Disability Theory. The findings from this analysis illustrate how invisible symptoms such as cognitive impairments, memory loss, mood changes etc., of acquired brain injury affect family dynamics in relation to emotional roles, domestic roles, financial roles, and perception and treatment of the affected individual. These changes were either exacerbated or minimized by the assumptions, misconceptions and knowledge level of the individual’s family in relation to understanding brain injury and the ways in which disability can manifest. Also important to family relations are the perceptions of participants that they must prove that they do have a disability; the roles healthcare professionals play in the validation of the injuries, both to the individual and the family; and how powerfully dominant constructions of disability – and invisible acquired brain injury in particular – are ingrained in social discourse and impact upon family dynamics for people living with invisible acquired brain injury. Lastly, an important part of this research is a compilation of recommendations put forth by the participants for healthcare professionals to keep in mind when working with individuals who either are suspected of having or have an acquired brain injury. / Thesis / Master of Social Work (MSW)

The invisible width of the Z boson is its partial width to neutrinos and is a well known Standard Model quantity. A direct measurement of the Z boson’s invisible width has been performed using the ATLAS detector. The width was measured to be Γ(Z → inv) = 481 ± 5(stat.) ± 22(syst.), which rivals the precision of the direct measurements performed by the LEP experiments. Such a precise was measurement performed by measuring the ratio of Z → νν to Z → ee events and correcting for the differences between the neutrino and electron selections. The measurement is sensitive to any non Standard Model interactions with a jet(s) + undetected particle final state. No evidence was found for a deviation from the Standard Model, however improvements have been suggested to allow more sensitivity to new phenomena at high energies.

Book and paper conservation integrates several disciplines, including traditional handcrafts, hard sciences, and art and book history, each with distinct methodologies and epistemic cultures. In order to examine how book and paper conservators straddle these varied fields and methodologies, a large-scale survey was conducted to investigate information sharing within the field. This examination of both formal publication and informal, lateral communication was inspired by the work of sociologists of science such as Derek J. de Solla Price and Diana Crane, including their concept of invisible colleges. A sample of one hundred book and paper conservators was questioned on methods of information sharing and attitudes towards topics such as publication and peer review. The result shows a field with great respect for formal methods of publication but still largely centered around informal methods of information sharing. Based on the survey results, potential methods of information sharing that may be well suited to the singularities of the field are discussed. / text

There is limited research examining the identities and experiences of those from mixed ethnic backgrounds and the research literature is almost non-existent for those who are from a mixed white ethnic (MWE) background. The existent evidence base in regards to the experiences of clinical psychology training of those from minority ethnic groups is focused on Black and ethnic minority (BME) backgrounds. This study therefore aimed to gain insight into the experiences of trainee clinical psychologists from a mixed white ethnic background, raising awareness of these individuals and their needs in the clinical psychology training arena. This study adopted a qualitative approach where eight participants were recruited and in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted. Interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three main themes emerged from participants’ accounts: ‘the double edged sword of invisible difference’, ‘uncovering the undercurrents of difference’ and ‘that which is sought and gained’. These findings are discussed in relation to the existing literature and clinical implications are presented. Methodological considerations and areas for future research are also considered. This study makes contribution to a sparsely researched area and provides rich insight into the experiences of trainee clinical psychologists from a MWE backgrounds. It is hoped the material presented here will encourage further thought, debate and study of this area.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal. / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse ou ce mémoire a été dépouillée, le cas échéant, de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse ou du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Seen – Unseen (nebo Visible-Invisible) In my project I attempted to capture the spiritual space of a selected group of people. The work was dividend into several phases. Selecting a model, establishing contact, getting acquainted with the environment of the photographed individual, a survey and a interview followed by the work with the model and the text.

The phenomenon of panic is one of the most unedifying experiences to inflict the human condition. It is a globally-recognised problem regularly encountered in psychotherapeutic practice. Whilst it is thought that distressing psychological and social (‘psychosocial’) problems might help account for this experience, the precise role they play - particularly in first onset - remains difficult to fathom. For example, whilst there is evidence to suggest that stress related to an individual’s family and work life, marital circumstances, age and gender appear linked with initial episodes of panic, these and many associated stressors people endure remain largely under-researched. Following an inquiry aim that recognises the social construction of reality, this research offers an insight into my first experience of panic attack (my being both a panic sufferer and psychotherapist). The aim was to identify an ‘invisible cord’ (e.g. a series of causally linked stressful life events) related to my panic. These events are typically thought to be found in the twelve months prior to first onset and hold important clues to an individual’s recovery. Hence my research question was: ‘What sense can be made of the invisible cord of events leading to my first experience of panic attack’? Using analytical autoethnographic methods to guide this research, significant personal events were discovered and are presented here in the findings. The earliest events uncovered would stretch back far longer than twelve months; with a series of five scenarios plotted from childhood to my mid-forties. To ensure that this research remained an exercise in critical thinking, each event was then examined alongside broader psychosocial theory and frameworks; offering a connected analysis of this first attack and contingent factors. A summary follows, ‘pulling together’ aspects of this undertaking and offering implications for practice. For example, having only made visible elements of my stressful cord by means of the analytical methods at my disposal (including use of collage and timelines) I suggest that such tools might routinely help other panic sufferers in retracing their past. Equally, in learning that my (often confused) Christian faith was implicated in this panic, I advance that we, as therapists, must remain vigilant to matters of client spirituality: noting that traditional forms of religious guidance are receding in an increasingly sceptical UK society. The thesis concludes with a personal reflection that aims to facilitate a deeper understanding of my research journey.

Several novel optical devices, which were designed to manipulate terahertz waves for broadband near-field imaging, wave-guiding (invisible space), and sensing (resonator), are presented in this thesis. We developed the original working concepts of each device, and demonstrated the prototype experimentally in our lab. The working concepts of physics were investigated in experiment, in simulation and in theoretical analysis. We exploited a tapered parallel-plate waveguide (PPWG) as a novel probe for broadband near-field imaging. This imaging probe consists of two metal plates with the plate spacing gradually tapered from one end to the other. We proved that the space tapering enables this probe to propagate the broadband THz waves efficiently (with low-loss, no cut-off and nearly no dispersion) from the input end of large spacing into the narrow end of sub-wavelength spacing. Working in a reflection mode, this imaging probe is proved to be able to differentiate the dielectric features as well as topographic information on the sample. Combined with the methodology of filtered back projection, we reconstructed a two-dimensional image of a gold pattern on a GaAs chip by using this tapered PPWG probe. The smallest feature of ~100 µm is resolved by using the waves with average wavelength of 1.5 mm. We studied the phenomenon of surface plasmon-polariton in THz range on the platform of a parallel-plate waveguide (PPWG). In this thesis, we show the characterization of the waveguide mode of a finite-width parallel plate waveguide by using an improved scattering-probe technique. An abrupt waveguide mode transition was observed at a very narrow frequency range. We demonstrated that this transition frequency is determined by the material properties of the waveguide, the frequencies of the electromagnetic waves as well as the geometry of the waveguide. This result provides a good guidance for the waveguide design for THz transmission. We also exploited the capability of using the spoof surface plasmon to enhance the reflectivity of an interface between free space and a PPWG. We demonstrated that the reflection coefficient of this interface can be enhanced up to ~100 % at a designed frequency, by cutting a designed pattern of periodic rectangular groove on the output facet of the PPWG. A lateral shift and a phase shift of the reflected beam is observed in the experiment, which is a strong reminiscent of Goos-Hanchen shift. We carried out the experimental, simulation and theoretical characterizations of the lateral and phase shift. As an application, we designed and demonstrated a prototype of a band-pass THz resonator. We introduced the concept of a waveguide-based two-dimensional inhomogeneous artificial dielectric into THz range. This artificial dielectric is the space between the two metal plates of a PPWG working in TE1 mode. We designed a THz mirage device (or an invisible space device) by using ray-tracing and full-wave simulations, which contributed to the first experimental demonstration of such a device. A metal coin of size several times larger than the working wavelength can be hidden in the device without casting any shadow. This work is in collaboration with Dr. Rajind Mendis and the author of this thesis contributed to the design and characterization of the device in simulations.