Bien que l’inclusion des personnes avec un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) progresse dans le milieu professionnel, les études menées sur l’adaptation des processus de dotation pour ces dernières par les entreprises restent rares et n’ont pas été actualisées. L’objectif de ce mémoire est de comprendre les leviers et les freins apparaissant dans les moyennes et grandes entreprises privées canadiennes lors du processus de dotation pour les personnes présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) sans déficience intellectuelle et sans ou avec légère altération du langage. Dans un contexte de pénurie et de volonté de diversification de la main-d'œuvre, les entreprises s’investissent dans l’inclusion des personnes avec un TSA. Néanmoins, l’accès à certains milieux professionnels reste encore très difficile pour ces personnes. Pour essayer de comprendre ce phénomène, la présente étude se base sur la théorie des biais cognitifs et des heuristiques qui influencent inconsciemment les actions et la prise de décision des recruteurs. Lors de cette étude exploratoire, une méthodologie qualitative avec des entretiens auprès d’un échantillon de douze individus a été appliquée auprès d’entreprises et de spécialistes. Les résultats de l’étude exploratoire et de la revue de littérature listeront des leviers et freins rencontrés tout au long du processus de dotation par les personnes présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme. L’analyse qui en découle proposera des solutions d’adaptation que les entreprises peuvent mettre en place dans leurs processus de dotation. / Although the inclusion of people with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the workplace is increasing, studies on the adaptation of staffing processes for them by companies are still scarce and have not been updated. The objective of this thesis is to understand the levers and obstacles appearing in large Canadian private companies during the staffing process for people with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without intellectual disability and without or with slight language impairment. In a context of shortage and desire to diversify the workforce, companies are investing in the inclusion of people with ASD. Nevertheless, access to certain professional environments remains very difficult for these people. To try to understand this phenomenon, this study is based on the theory of cognitive biases and heuristics that unconsciously influence the actions and decision-making of recruiters. In this exploratory study, a qualitative methodology with interviews of a sample of twelve individuals was applied to companies and specialists. The results of the exploratory study and the literature review will list the levers and obstacles encountered throughout the staffing process by people with autism spectrum disorders. The resulting analysis will propose adaptation solutions that companies can implement in their staffing processes.

This thesis examined the influence of support type and support visibility on the effects of enacted social support on performance and a number of key psychological and behavioural variables. It comprises five chapters. Chapter 1 is a general introduction. The next three chapters (outlined below) present the results of four studies. Chapter 5 is a general discussion. Chapter 2 examined how support type and support visibility influenced the effects of natural support exchanges between athletes and their key support providers occurring in the week prior to an athlete’s match. Athletes and key support providers reported respectively the receipt and provision of support during this week. Athletes also indicated their self-confidence and emotional states regarding the upcoming the match. Moderated hierarchical regression analyses revealed that all types of received support predicted athletes’ emotional states and self-confidence regarding the upcoming match. There was no evidence that invisibly providing these support types predicted athletes’ outcomes. For informational support, however, it was found that its provision predicted self-confidence, suggesting that athletes’ levels of confidence may have benefited from advice that they were not always aware of. Chapter 3 employed an experimental paradigm to better examine the influence of the type and visibility of enacted social support. Using a golf-putting task with novices (n = 105), it examined the influence of informational and esteem support provided in a visible or invisible manner by a fellow novice golfer. This fellow novice golfer was in reality a confederate scripted to give one of five support manipulations (visible informational support, invisible informational support, visible esteem support, invisible esteem support, no support) to participants prior to performing the golf-putting task. The results demonstrated that participants given invisible informational support or visible esteem support outperformed those given no support, while participants given visible informational support or invisible esteem support did not. There was no evidence that participants’ self-efficacy or emotional states could explain these effects. Chapter 4 also involved experimental procedures across two separate studies with samples of skilled football players completing a football aiming task. In these studies, esteem and informational support was provided in a visible or invisible manner by a coach with expertise in penalty-taking. In the first of these studies, the players (n = 68) performed better when the expert provided them with informational support than when the expert provided them with esteem support. This effect occurred regardless of whether the support was provided in a visible or invisible manner. Self-efficacy could not explain this effect. Given the lack of effects of support visibility, the second of these two studies was designed as a replication and an extension of the first. It sought to further examine why informational support might be more effective than esteem support for skilled football players (n = 84). Consistent with the first study, kicking performance was again significantly better for players provided with informational support than for players provided with esteem support regardless of whether the support was provided in a visible or invisible manner. There was evidence that players given informational support performed better than those given esteem support, because their attention was focused more externally on the target and less internally on the process of movement execution. This series of studies are important for sport and social psychology: They are the first to explore the effect of support type and support visibility in a sport context; and they are the first to examine the effect of support type and support visibility in relation to performance. The results demonstrate that support type is a crucial factor to consider when exchanging support. However, no support type may necessarily be considered the best under all conditions. In light of explaining the effects of different support types on performance, the final study suggests that attentional focus may be an important underlying mechanism. The results indicate that support visibility may play a role in the exchange of support but its influence depends on the type of support provided and the context in which this type of support is provided. An overriding finding of this thesis is that enacted support can have beneficial effects upon athletes’ psychological states and performance.

Web forms are the interfaces to the deep web, and automated form under- standing is the key to unlock its contents. It is a fundamental problem in many applications and research fields, such as deep web crawling, data in- tegration, or information extraction. It is also essential for improving web usability and accessibility. Form understanding is an inherently empirical problem. Existing form un- derstanding approaches are restricted by exploiting limited and domain inde- pendent feature sets leading to overly generic and monolithic algorithms. In response, we present OPAL (Ontology based web Pattern Analysis with Logic), a domain-aware form understanding approach, that addresses all these lim- itations through a novel multi-scope approach. OPAL achieves this through a domain independent form labeling and a domain dependent form interpre- tation. In form labeling, OPAL associates texts with fields as labels through three domain independent scopes exploiting textual, structural, and visual information. In form interpretation, OPAL integrates the form labeling ob- tained with a layer of high-level domain knowledge to classify form fields and to repair the form model. To ease the task of designing domain schemata, we develop the template lan- guage OPAL-TL to express domain types and their structural constraints. With OPAL-TL, we describe common design patterns as templates maintained in a library. Thus, the adaption to new domains often requires only instantiation of the templates with corresponding domain types. We conduct extensive experiments, that cover both domain independent cross- domain testing with standard form understanding benchmarks, and a domain- aware evaluation with two domain datasets randomly selected from real estate and used car domain. OPAL outperforms previous works by a significant mar- gin and pushes the state of the art to near perfect accuracy (> 98%). In an effort to integrate OPAL with an entire data extraction pipeline, we plan to extend OPAL with form probing and to exploit information obtained by other data extraction components, e.g., result page analysis.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

L'objet de ce travail est d'interroger les liens entre philosophie et histoire dans la philosophie de Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Il consiste à questionner une déclaration de ce philosophe qui affirmait que "Saussure pourrait avoir inauguré une nouvelle philosophie de l'histoire". Il s'agit pour nous de savoir quel sens une telle déclaration peut avoir pour Merleau-Ponty. Nous partons de l'hypothèse qu'il y a ici un changement de paradigme de la part de Merleau-Ponty pour la compréhension de l'histoire. Il ne s'agit plus de comprendre l'histoire comme c'était le cas pour Hegel ou Marx comme quelque chose qui aurait une intelligibilité et un sens à partir d'une démarche seulement dialectique, il s'agit de comprendre l'histoire à partir de la linguistique. Notre propos est d'établir comment ce changement peut se justifier. Le travail consiste en trois parties distinctes. Dans la première nous tâchons de montrer qu'il y a eu une philosophie de l'histoire chez Merleau-Ponty avant sa lecture de Saussure et que c'était à partir de la notion de Gestalt que l'histoire pouvait être comprise. Dans notre seconde partie nous voulons néanmoins montrer que la philosophie merleau-pontyenne de l'histoire ne prend son véritable sens qu'avec la lecture de l’œuvre des linguistes et en particulier de Saussure. C'est la notion de signification en tant que "diacritique" qui permet de penser le langage et aussi l'histoire. Cette deuxième partie montre de ce fait la lecture des linguistes comme un moment charnière pour la compréhension de la philosophie merleau-pontyenne de l'histoire. Notre troisième partie montre alors que les interrogations de Merleau-Ponty dans sa dernière philosophie et ce qu'on appelle l'ontologie de la chair gravite autour d'un questionnement sur l'histoire et le langage, ce questionnement amenant Merleau-Ponty à penser l'histoire, la philosophie et son langage dans une nouvelle forme qui s'apparente à une forme quasi littéraire / The aim of this work is to investigate the links between philosophy and history in Maurice Merleau-Ponty's thought. This philosopher stated that "Saussure might have opened a new philosophy of history." I shall enquire what could be the meaning of such a statement to Merleau-Ponty, thus assuming that there is a transformation of the paradigm he used to conceptualise history. History indeed shouldn't be understood, as was the case with Hegel or Marx, as something having intelligibility and meaning only from a dialectical perspective, but should also be understood with the help of linguistics. Our point is to ascertain how such a change can be accounted for. This work is threefold. In the first part, I endeavour to show that Merleau-Ponty had a philosophy of history prior to his reading of Saussure, and that it was grounded in the notion of Gestalt. In a second part, I undertake to show that what is yet most significant in Merleau-Ponty's way of conceiving history comes from his interest in the work of some linguists and chiefly Saussure's. It is the notion of signification "understood as "diacritical"" which enables the conceptualisation of language as well as of history. The reading of linguists can thus be seen as a turning point in the making of his philosophy of history. The third part then goes on to show that the later Merleau-Ponty, and what has been called ontology of the flesh, revolves around a questioning of history and language bringing him to conceive history, philosophy and its language anew - that is: through a quasi-literary form

Campos de invisibilidade é uma pesquisa teórico-prática que discorre sobre noções do invisível na arte contemporânea a partir, principalmente, de produções artísticas realizadas entre a segunda metade do século XX e os dias atuais. São tomadas como ponto de partida, as práticas conceituais desenvolvidas nos anos 1960 e 1970, no âmbito nacional e internacional, bem como suas influências anteriores. Tais práticas conduzem às reflexões sobre a desmaterialização do objeto artístico, a problematização da arte como apreensão estritamente visual e a inclusão do participador nas obras. Outros artistas e também arquitetos são analisados com o intuito de verificar o invisível nas relações entre corpo, arquitetura e tecnologia. Esses assuntos são discutidos em conjunto com uma série de projetos artísticos realizados pelo autor da tese, funcionando como chaves de abertura para os estudos. Já pela perspectiva teórica, são realizados diálogos com o filósofo M. Merleau-Ponty em O visível e o invisível (2012) e com a artista e filósofa Anne Cauquelin em Frequentar os incorporais (2008). Para tanto, esta tese é dividida em quatro capítulos: O invisível como campo, Sempre algo entre nós, Arquiteturas invisíveis e \"Uma luz ilumina tudo/Mas deve haver mais\". Por esse viés, o invisível é explorado como campo relacional, poético, crítico, sensível, político e social. Diante das referências estudadas, esses campos emergem como algo que modula as relações entre as pessoas e os espaços. / Invisibility Fields is a theoretical and practical study addressing notions of the invisible in contemporary art mainly based on artistic productions made between the second half of the 20th century and the present day. The conceptual practices developed in the 1960s and 1970s, at the national and international levels, as well as their earlier influences, are taken as a starting point. These practices lead to reflections on the dematerialization of the art object, the discussion of art as strictly visual apprehension, and the inclusion of the participant in the works. Other artists and architects are also analyzed with the aim of verifying the invisible in the relationships between body, architecture and technology. These issues are discussed in conjunction with a series of artistic projects carried out by the author of the thesis, serving as opening keys for the studies. As for the theoretical perspective, dialogues are held with philosopher Merleau-Ponty in The Visible and the Invisible (2012) and artist and philosopher Anne Cauquelin in Attending the Incorporeal (2008). This thesis is thus divided into four chapters: The Invisible as a Field, Always Something between Us, Invisible Architectures and \"A Light Illuminates Everything/ But There Must Be More\". From this angle, the invisible is explored as a relational, poetic, critical, sensitive, political and social field. Given the references studied, these fields emerge as something that modulates the relationship between people and spaces.

A geografia invisível norteia esse caminhar aqui proferido em diversos momentos, internos e externos, que diante de um ato reflexivo com a vontade de potência em Nietzsche, colabora para não desqualificar tudo que já ocorreu até aqui mas, provocar tudo e todos de alguma forma, para outros olhares geográficos. É preciso distanciar-se dessa perpétua materialidade desses sistemas de objetos e de ações, não aniquilar, mas potencializar para outros olhares. A presente pesquisa problematiza que uma realidade não cabe na outra, mas acima de tudo, uma esta na outra. Geografias Invisíveis é um ponto confrontador, inserido como meu meta-ponto para analise das realidades. A analise opera e situa-se por momentos no processo biográfico, genealógico das minhas experiências coexistentes. Assim, o termo invisível faz um papel de confronto às objetivações, idealizações que embora tenham uma genealogia profunda na sua praticidade tornam-se muletas, que fazem da realidade um ato desconexo para com o mundo da vida. Devemos ultrapassar a questão social e individual dos moldes atuais, para dessa forma, diante de um mundo de perspectivismo, elaborar uma nova forma de perceber e conceber esse mundo. Devemos encarar as perspectivas atuais como nocivas para esse homem atual, pois esse mundo foi criado para anular qualquer ordem diferente da sua. Coloco a filosofia de Nietzsche como um grande marco para um rompimento paradigmático, pois para o autor tudo tem interesse, e dentro desse caminho existencial a consciência é um subproduto insignificante da nossa psique, uma espécie de holofote, um recorte, um ponto de vista dentro da manifestação existencial do homem. / Invisible geography guides this journey, which has taken place in various moments, internal and external, that, in the face of a reflexive act with the will to power in Nietzsche, collaborates not to disqualify everything that has happened up to now but to provoke everything and everyone in some way, for other geographical views. It is necessary to distance ourselves from this perpetual materiality of these systems of objects and actions, not to annihilate, but to potentiate for other looks. The present research problematizes that one reality does not fit in the other, but above all, one in the other. Invisible Geographies is a confronting point, inserted as my meta-point for analyzing realities. The analysis operates and situates itself at times in the biographical, genealogical process of my coexistent experiences. Thus the invisible term plays a role in confronting the objectifications, idealizations that, although they have a deep genealogy in their practicality, become crutches, which make reality a disconnected act towards the world of life. We must go beyond the social and individual question of the current molds, so that, in the face of a world of perspectivism, we can work out a new way of perceiving and conceiving this world. We must view current perspectives as harmful to this present man, for this world was created to nullify any order other than his own. I place Nietzsche's philosophy as a great landmark for a paradigmatic breakthrough, for to the author everything has an interest, and within this existential path consciousness is an insignificant byproduct of our psyche, a kind of spotlight, a cut-out, a point of view within of the existential manifestation of man.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-10-05T12:06:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mario Finotti Silva.pdf: 792880 bytes, checksum: a193e053fab14eec3fda2229d0a166a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-05T12:06:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mario Finotti Silva.pdf: 792880 bytes, checksum: a193e053fab14eec3fda2229d0a166a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The purpose of this Doctoral Thesis is to investigate surveillance and control within the cyberculture and to observe the modus operandi that – through the using of electronic equipment – has settled the invisible violence that silently watches over society and – at the same time – is accepted by many as a necessity of our time. Currently, the technological wonder determined by the technology giants through hardware, software and the speech of bringing people together, puts the user in the basic condition of use, since, this way, there is a guarantee of freedom. The reality is opposite though. The more freedom of choice, the more technological control. Through this slant, a violence that goes unnoticed by all operates. The technological progress – allied with innovation – has enabled mankind to be able to adapt to the new features embedded in electronic gadgets; tools that are always at hand. The urgency in learning is a crucial factor for permanence in this territory of continuous updating. Users who are not able to keep pace with this progress tend to stay at the marginality and, consequently, to be excluded. Companies – aware of this condition – hurry to release products with novelty features that will probably never be used. Not because of them, but because this modality allows them to settle and to deposit all the wounds of life in devices that can determine and guarantee their future. It also allows them to give up their natural state and to understand the benefit of the devices, such as security, even if being monitored twenty-four hours a day. What is the limit of this proposal for autonomy, which, while offering choices, can bump into the freedom once much before promoted by an array of thinkers? Since there is more security and justice ensured, the rate of freedom lowers. The fascination promoted and the progress stipulated / manipulated by the big corporations impose the feeling of protection as a preponderant factor for the existence and the maintenance of the sedation of the people. In a world troubled by speculations of surveillance, power and control, this research is focused on authors that justify its reading and that lead to a more in-depth reflection on the proposed theme. Some of them, more relevant, significantly contribute to this given Thesis: Virilio (1996), Bauman (2013), Rüdiger (2002), Lyon (1994) and Trivinho (2007), all of which have sought to study the impact of the digital technologies on social life. On another vertent are: Castells (1999), Bourdieu (2012), Deleuze (1992) and Foucault (1987), which analyze the condition of surveillance and control, from the social to the technological point of view. Wiener (1978) verifies its unfolding in a society marked by cybernetics. Other authors, equally important, such as Toynbee (1971), already verified in the 1970s the technological power on the hands of the companies. In contemporaneity, authors like Postman (1994) and Assange (2013) observe that the technological condition is favorable towards the one who holds the power, given that the rules are not egalitarian. In view of that, we conclude that while ordinary users require privacy, governments and corporations violate this condition to be able to exercise control closely. However, for the microsphere of power, information must be crystal clear with the purpose of maintaining and supporting surveillance on the bodies of living beings / A proposta desta Tese de Doutorado é investigar a infovigilância e o controle, inseridos na cibercultura e observar o modus operandi pelo qual a violência invisível instaurou-se por meio de uso dos equipamentos eletrônicos que silenciosamente vigiam toda uma sociedade e ao mesmo tempo é aceito por muitos como uma necessidade de época. Atualmente, o deslumbramento tecnológico determinado pelos gigantes da tecnologia, com seus hardwares e softwares e com o discurso de aproximar pessoas, coloca o usuário na condição básica de uso, já que, por esse meio, há garantia de liberdade. A realidade, porém, é oposta. Quanto maior liberdade de escolha, mais controle tecnológico. Por esse viés, opera-se uma violência que passa despercebida por todos. O progresso tecnológico, aliado à inovação, possibilitou ao homem poder adequar-se aos novos recursos embutidos nos gadgets eletrônicos; uma ferramentaria sempre à mão. A premência no aprendizado é fator crucial de permanência nesse território em contínua atualização. Os utilizadores, que não conseguirem acompanhar esse progresso, tendem a ficar na marginalidade e, consequentemente, serem excluídos. As empresas – cientes dessa condição – apressam-se em dispor no mercado produtos com novidades embutidas que provavelmente nunca serão usadas. Não por culpa delas, mas porque essa modalidade lhes permite acomodar-se e depositar todas as mazelas da vida em aparelhos que possam determinar e garantir seu futuro. Propicia ainda que elas abram mão de seu estado natural e compreendam como valor agregado dos dispositivos o fator segurança, mesmo que sejam vigiadas 24 horas por dia. Qual o limite dessa proposta de autonomia que, ao mesmo tempo em que oferece escolhas, pode esbarrar na liberdade já promovida muito anteriormente por diversos pensadores? Considerando que, quanto mais segurança e justiça asseguradas, menor será a taxa de liberdade. O fascínio promovido e o progresso estipulado/manipulado pelas grandes corporações impõem a sensação de proteção como fator preponderante para a existência e a manutenção da sedação nas pessoas. Com um mundo conturbado por especulações acerca de vigilância, poder e controle, fundamenta-se a pesquisa em autores que justificam a leitura e orientam para a reflexão mais aprofundada acerca do tema proposto. Alguns deles, mais relevantes, contribuem sobremaneira para a presente Tese: Virilio (1996), Bauman (2013), Rüdiger (2002), Lyon (1994) e Trivinho (2007), que procuraram estudar o impacto das tecnologias digitais na vida social. Por outro lado, Castells (2005), Bourdieu (2012), Deleuze (1992) e Foucault (1987), analisam a condição da vigilância e do controle, desde o âmbito social ao tecnológico. Wiener (1978) verifica o desdobramento na sociedade marcada pela cibernética. Outros autores, igualmente importantes, como Toynbee (1971), já verificavam na década de 1970 o poder tecnológico nas mãos das empresas. Na contemporaneidade, autores como Postman (1994) e Julian Assange (2013) observam que a condição tecnológica é favorável àquele que detém o poder, uma vez que as regras não são igualitárias. Diante disso, propomos que, apesar de os usuários comuns exigirem a privacidade, os governos e as corporações violam essa condição para poder exercer o controle de perto. Entretanto, para a microesfera do poder, as informações devem ser cristalinas com o propósito de manter e sustentar a infovigilância sobre os corpos dos seres viventes

Campos de invisibilidade é uma pesquisa teórico-prática que discorre sobre noções do invisível na arte contemporânea a partir, principalmente, de produções artísticas realizadas entre a segunda metade do século XX e os dias atuais. São tomadas como ponto de partida, as práticas conceituais desenvolvidas nos anos 1960 e 1970, no âmbito nacional e internacional, bem como suas influências anteriores. Tais práticas conduzem às reflexões sobre a desmaterialização do objeto artístico, a problematização da arte como apreensão estritamente visual e a inclusão do participador nas obras. Outros artistas e também arquitetos são analisados com o intuito de verificar o invisível nas relações entre corpo, arquitetura e tecnologia. Esses assuntos são discutidos em conjunto com uma série de projetos artísticos realizados pelo autor da tese, funcionando como chaves de abertura para os estudos. Já pela perspectiva teórica, são realizados diálogos com o filósofo M. Merleau-Ponty em O visível e o invisível (2012) e com a artista e filósofa Anne Cauquelin em Frequentar os incorporais (2008). Para tanto, esta tese é dividida em quatro capítulos: O invisível como campo, Sempre algo entre nós, Arquiteturas invisíveis e \"Uma luz ilumina tudo/Mas deve haver mais\". Por esse viés, o invisível é explorado como campo relacional, poético, crítico, sensível, político e social. Diante das referências estudadas, esses campos emergem como algo que modula as relações entre as pessoas e os espaços. / Invisibility Fields is a theoretical and practical study addressing notions of the invisible in contemporary art mainly based on artistic productions made between the second half of the 20th century and the present day. The conceptual practices developed in the 1960s and 1970s, at the national and international levels, as well as their earlier influences, are taken as a starting point. These practices lead to reflections on the dematerialization of the art object, the discussion of art as strictly visual apprehension, and the inclusion of the participant in the works. Other artists and architects are also analyzed with the aim of verifying the invisible in the relationships between body, architecture and technology. These issues are discussed in conjunction with a series of artistic projects carried out by the author of the thesis, serving as opening keys for the studies. As for the theoretical perspective, dialogues are held with philosopher Merleau-Ponty in The Visible and the Invisible (2012) and artist and philosopher Anne Cauquelin in Attending the Incorporeal (2008). This thesis is thus divided into four chapters: The Invisible as a Field, Always Something between Us, Invisible Architectures and \"A Light Illuminates Everything/ But There Must Be More\". From this angle, the invisible is explored as a relational, poetic, critical, sensitive, political and social field. Given the references studied, these fields emerge as something that modulates the relationship between people and spaces.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:11:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Costa.pdf: 13314749 bytes, checksum: 098b9f040a146c8d72f73c73b2fb544d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis aims at understanding and presenting the image open, phenomenological, founding in his perception, which updates its full potential embodied in the means of visibility, which culminates in the process of representation and validation of the perceived real, where the image gains strength and takes the position of mediation between man and the world, adopting the assumptions of Flusser. This work is justified when it exposes the impossibility of viewing the real, or rather, points to the invisibility of the image that simulates the real perceived, given his acknowledged inability to naturally present to the world, according to the precepts of Merleau-Ponty. We try to track one of the most prolific and problematic of philosophy and Communication Sciences, feeling the concepts and functions of the image. For this, we use two types of approaches. An anthropological (empirical), history and culture, which describes the image "artefactum," propagated by the many supporters and media at the same time, the mediator of the ways of perceiving the man in the world. An introductory way, discusses the origin, evolution and characteristics of dialectical exchange with other languages and their hunger contemporary media. Another, on the epistemological approach (theoretical), examines the essence of the image function as an interface between the possibilities of sensible and intelligible subject, present and aware of their cognitive amplitudes. The analysis of the mechanisms of representation and language, representationalist presented by the studies of art history and media, where the image takes up space as a fundamental means of existence and visibility, a wide fertile reflection, that in contrast to studies of the phenomenology of perception and the principles of contemporary semiotics are examined, mainly in the assumptions and contributions of Merleau-Ponty, Flusser, Mitchell, Baitello, Belting and Català Domènech. The hypothesis search visibility for the phenomenological status of the image, in order to legitimize the proposal for a "reading" open the image without the proper supports media in which it takes shape and becomes visible. Regardless of your need to "embodiment" to support, knowledge "theoretical" and phenomenological characteristics of their epistemological and cultural image prior to "physical" noticeable, contribute to a better understanding of media studies and art, which is intrinsically present through the visible image. The idea that perception puts us in touch with an experience that keeps an inherently vital and at the same time, a cultural and rational intention that presents itself as our point of view about the world, expands this thesis / Esta tese objetiva a percepção e apresentação da imagem aberta, fenomenológica, fundante na sua percepção, onde atualiza seu amplo potencial de visibilidade encarnado nos meios, e que culmina no processo de representação e validação do real percebido, onde a imagem ganha força e ocupa o posto de mediação entre o homem e o mundo, adotando as premissas de Flusser. Este trabalho se justifica quando expõe a impossibilidade da visualização do real, ou melhor, aponta a invisibilidade da imagem que simula o real percebido, haja vista sua reconhecida incapacidade de se apresentar naturalmente ao mundo, conforme os preceitos de Merleau-Ponty. Procuramos rastrear um dos pontos mais fecundos e problemáticos da filosofia e das Ciências da Comunicação, tateando os conceitos e funções da imagem. Para isso, utilizam-se duas formas de abordagem. Uma antropológica (empírica), histórica e cultural, que descreve a imagem artefactum , propagada pelos inúmeros suportes midiáticos e ao mesmo tempo, mediadora das formas de percepção do homem no mundo. De forma introdutória, aborda a origem, evolução e características do intercâmbio dialético com outras linguagens e sua voracidade midiática contemporânea. Outra, na abordagem epistemológica (teórica), examina a essência, função da imagem como interface entre as possibilidades do sensível e inteligível do sujeito, presente e consciente de suas amplitudes cognitivas. A análise dos mecanismos da representação e da linguagem, apresentada pelos estudos representacionistas da história da arte e da mídia, onde a imagem ocupa espaço fundamental como meio de visibilidade e existência, fecunda uma ampla reflexão, que em contraposição aos estudos da fenomenologia da percepção e aos princípios da semiótica contemporânea são examinadas, principalmente, nos pressupostos e colaborações de Merleau-Ponty, Flusser, Mitchell, Baitello, Belting e Català Domènech. A hipótese busca a visibilidade para o estatuto fenomenológico da imagem, com a finalidade de legitimar a proposta de uma leitura aberta da imagem sem os devidos suportes midiáticos na qual ela ganha forma e se torna visível. Independentemente de sua necessidade de encarnação ao suporte, o conhecimento teórico e epistemológico de suas características fenomenológicas e culturais, que antecedem a imagem física percebível, colabora para uma melhor compreensão dos estudos da mídia e da arte, que intrinsicamente se apresentam por meio da imagem visível. A ideia de que a percepção nos coloca em contato com uma experiência que guarda uma inerência vital e, ao mesmo tempo, uma intenção cultural e racional que se apresenta como nosso ponto de vista sobre o mundo, amplia esta tese