The Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive from the European Union strives to achieve a high level of environmental protection by preventing or reducing the pollution emanating from industrial installations directly at the source. The Directive implies that the emission limit values should be set in accordance with each industry&rsquo / s Best Available Techniques (BAT). In the present study, water recovery and wastewater treatability alternatives developed beforehand were evaluated towards the evaluation of BATs for the management of wastewaters from a denim textile mill. For this purpose, an assessment that translates the key environmental aspects into a quantitative measure of environmental performance and also financial analysis were performed for each of the alternatives. The alternatives considered for water recovery from dyeing wastewaters were nanofiltration (NF) with coagulation and/or microfiltration (MF) pretreatment, ozonation or peroxone and Fenton oxidation. On the other hand, for the end-of-pipe treatment of the mill&rsquo / s mixed wastewater / ozonation, Fenton oxidation, membrane bioreactor (MBR) and activated sludge process followed by membrane filtration technologies were evaluated. The results have indicated that membrane filtration process providing 70 % water recovery with the least environmental impacts is the BAT for water recovery. On the other side, MBR technology has appeared as the BAT for the end-of-pipe treatment of the mill&rsquo / s mixed wastewater. A technical and financial comparison of these two BAT alternatives revealed that water recovery via membrane filtration from dyeing wastewaters is selected as the BAT for the water and wastewater management in the mill.

The World Trade Organisation Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (WTO SPS) provide the rights and obligations for members to take phytosanitary measures to protect animal, plant and human life or health. Using the guidelines of the WTO SPS Agreement Article 7 this study evaluated the current SPS transparency capacity of the South African regulatory system. Based on the outcome of the evaluation a Best Practice Model for WTO SPS notification and information management was develop to improve WTO SPS compliance for South Africa Phytosanitary capacities of regulatory systems are challenged with increased global agricultural trade and a proliferation of international and regional phytosanitary standards. International Standards for Phytosanitary measures (ISPMs) are developed by the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC). The concept of phytosanitary capacity was analysed and the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) Phytosanitary Capacity Evaluation (PCE) tool evaluated in terms of its scope, purpose and usefulness. South Africa has attempted to address some of its phytosanitary capacity challenges system and organisational challenges by restructuring and strengthening the capacity of its National Plant Protection Organisation (NPPO) in order to meet the demands of international phytosanitary obligations and commitments. This study evaluates the phytosanitary capacity of South Africa and uses the IPPC Phytosanitary Capacity Evaluation (PCE) tool to identify and assess the current constraints impacting on the capacity. Based on the outcome of the PCE recommendations to address information management and capacity constraints are made. The study the used the IPPC Phytosanitary Capacity Evaluation (PCE) tool to evaluate phytosanitary regulatory capacity constraints impacting on the phytosanitary capacity of Malawi. The results from the PCE for Malawi was compared with the results obtained from the PCE for South Africa. The results highlighted the different levels of phytosanitary capacity between a developing country such as South Africa and a Least Developed Country such as Malawi and made recommendations to address the country specific constraints. / Dissertation (MInstAgrar)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / unrestricted

European Union published IPPC Directive in 1996 aiming to create an integrated approach in order to manage and control industrial facilities better. IPPC provides the development of a new concept of &ldquo / Best Available Techniques (BAT)&rdquo / , the most effective, advanced and applicable methods, preventing emissions to the environment and providing efficient use of resources. Within this framework, numerous sectoral Best Available Techniques Reference Documents were published giving information on the sector and BAT alternatives for this sector. Iron and steel industry, which causes quite significant amount of resource depletion and waste production, is one of the industries within the scope of IPPC Directive. In the this study, environmental performance of an integrated iron and steel plant in Turkey is evaluated and compared with the EU&rsquo / s integrated iron and steel plants, in order to suggest applicable BAT alternatives for the studied plant. Totally 74 BAT alternatives were evaluated and among them 36 alternatives were determined to be applicable for this plant. Finally, two of these applicable BAT alternatives were selected and compared by use of cross-media effects and financial analysis. The results of this study indicated that dust emission and high energy consumption are the common problems in the facility. Moreover, sintering process was found to be the least compatible sub-process with EU&rsquo / s iron and steel plants. Additionally, it was determined that with respect to application of BAT alternatives, facility is quite compatible with EU&rsquo / s iron v and steel plants. Furthermore, cross media effect and financial analysis revealed that the selected BAT alternatives, &ldquo / Advanced Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP)&rdquo / and &ldquo / Bag Filter-combined or integrated reduction of solid and gaseous pollutants&rdquo / , have different cross media effects on the environment, however, the second alternative is a more cost-effective alternative than the first one. Since this study was undertaken in an integrated iron and steel plant that represents Turkish iron and steel industry with respect to its production process, production capacity and environmental performance / the results of this study can be used to aid decision makers to make environmental initiatives in iron and steel industry in Turkey.

The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the relation between ecology and law. The thesis is composed of five chapters. Chapter One is introductory and defines the term ecology. Chapter Two focuses on law and its role in ecology. Chapter Three explains the importance of principles as the unifying elements of legal regulation. Chapter Four investigates the chosen principles of law intrinsic to environmental protection. Chapter Five describes the practical apllication of the Integrated Prevention and Pollution Control approach and endeavours for evaluation of its contribution to environmental protection.

This gradution thethis deals with and compares the basic concepts of construction project realization planning. The work is concertrated on the methods and procedures for planning time building structure and simultaneously are used on concrete practical of building structure.

La législation des installations classées pour la protection de l'environnement (ICPE) est généralement entendue comme un compromis entre la protection des intérêts économique et ceux de l'environnement. Cette thèse analyse la nature des termes de ce contrat social et, pour ce faire, elle étude des différents contentieux des ICPE, judiciaires (civil et pénal) et administratifs. Sont alors mises en évidence les difficultés structurelles pour réaliser cet objet qui tiennent aux manques d'une véritable représentation de l'environnement devant ces différentes juridictions. Cela en dépit des avancées législatives et constitutionnelles indéniables. Ce travail propose des pistes pour une réécriture de la police ICPE par une meilleure intégration des principes fondamentaux du développement durable, notamment, la précaution et la participation du public. Cette reformulation implique l'extension de la responsabilité sans faute à la précaution.

Les « trois organisations soeurs », à savoir la Commission du Codex Alimentarius (CCA), l’Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (OIE) et la Convention internationale pour la protection des végétaux (CIPV), et les mesures sanitaires et phytosanitaires de l’ASEAN maintiennent une relation mutuellement étroite et des rapports d’interactions complexes et multidimensionnelles, rapports qui peuvent affecter des flux d’activités d’importation et d’exportation de produits agro-alimentaires réglementées surtout par le droit international économique. En envisageant le droit comme processus de décisions, particulièrement le droit international comme processus de communication entre les différents participants de la « communauté mondiale », ces rapports peuvent être mieux identifiés et compris à tous les niveaux : multilatéral, régional, bilatéral et national. Compte tenu de l’intensité et de la fréquence des échanges et du caractère fortement interdépendant du monde d’aujourd’hui, les « trois organisations soeurs » et leurs normes, directives et recommandations sont susceptibles de jouer divers rôles dans la promotion d’une plus grande production et d’un plus large partage des valeurs fondamentales recherchées par l’humanité entière, soutenues par la « New Haven School of International Law ». Non seulement s’agit-il des rôles liés à l’augmentation de l’efficacité du processus de réduction de barrières commerciales résultant des mesures SPS protectionnistes, mais aussi de ceux qui sont peu soulignées et qui se précisent suite aux pratiques répétées des décisionnistes de l’ASEAN. Ce sont notamment les rôles en tant qu’inducteurs de performance pour les mécanismes d’encadrement de mesures SPS, afin de s’assurer que celles-ci sont raisonnables par rapport à chaque contexte spécifique et respectueuses de la dignité humaine ; en tant que catalyseurs du régionalisme ouvert ; et en tant que promoteurs de la dimension du développement dans les accords commerciaux régionaux de l’ASEAN. / The « three sisters », namely the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), and SPS measures of ASEAN maintain a mutually close relationship and can interact with one another in complex and multidimensional ways, which can affect flows of import and export activities of agro-food products regulated especially by international economic law. By perceiving law as a process of decisions, and particularly international law as a process of communication among different participants of the « world community », these interactions can be better identified and comprehended at all levels : multilateral, regional, bilateral and national. Considering the intensity and frequency of exchanges and the strong interdependency of today’s world, the « three sisters » and their standards, guidelines and recommendations are likely to play numerous roles in promoting a greater production and wider distribution of fundamental values that all human beings desire to maximize and achieve, as defended by the « New Haven School of International Law ». Not only are these roles related to the promotion of a more efficient process of eliminating trade barriers deriving from SPS protectionist measures, but also those which are insufficiently highlighted, yet becoming more obvious through repeated practices of ASEAN decision-makers. These are notably the roles of the « three sisters » as performance drivers for monitoring mechanisms of SPS measures with a view to ensuring that they are reasonable in each specific context and respectful towards human dignity; as catalysts of open regionalism ; as promoters of the development dimension in regional trade agreements concluded by ASEAN.

La Directiva 2008/1/CE, de Prevención y Control Integrados de la Contaminación (IPPC, por sus siglas en inglés), se transpuso al ordenamiento jurídico español por la Ley 16/2002, la cual creó una nueva figura administrativa, la Autorización Ambiental Integrada (AAI). Para poder otorgar la AAI, la Administración ambiental competente debe realizar una Evaluación Ambiental de la actividad IPPC (EA-IPPC), la cual tendrá en cuenta todos los factores afectados y/o relacionados de algún modo con la actividad, desde la fase de proyecto hasta su ejecución y posterior explotación. El resultado de dicha Evaluación Ambiental se plasmará en una resolución, que contendrá todos los condicionantes que la actividad deba cumplir para su puesta en marcha y/o explotación. Dada la alta complejidad que supone integrar todos los valores promovidos por la Directiva IPPC, y que la metodología actual empleada por la Administración presenta deficiencias, surge la motivación para desarrollar esta Tesis Doctoral, con el objetivo de proponer una nueva metodología para la EA-IPPC, a la cual se denominará en adelante Evaluación de la Autorización Ambiental Integrada (EAAI). La EAAI constituye una aplicación del concepto de racionalidad procedimental multicriterio. Las incertidumbres y los agujeros de información, así como las limitaciones cognitivas en el PTD, son todos, en diferente grado, peculiaridades típicas de la toma de decisiones ambientales. En este sentido, la EAAI mira más allá de la predicción de las consecuencias ambientales de la decisión y asegura que un conjunto de criterios de decisión, que garanticen que se están tomando en cuenta los valores sustantivos IPPC, se apliquen efectivamente al proceso de toma de decisiones. Se ha puesto en práctica la evaluación de las MTD mediante técnicas de decisión multicriterio sobre un caso real de de AAI concedida. Se ha propuesto una aplicación innovadora de las técnicas de AHP y ANP para la evaluación de las mismas MTD. / Giner Santonja, G. (2010). Propuesta metodológica para la aplicación de AHP y ANP al proceso de toma de decisiones asociado a la evaluación de la autorización ambiental integrada [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/8980 / Palancia

Syftet med denna uppsats är i första hand att utreda, analysera samt utvärdera den närmare innebörden av verksamhetsutövarbegreppet i 10 kap. 2 § MB och, i andra hand, om begreppet, utifrån de aktuella intressena på området är ändamålsenligt utformat. Den övergripande frågeställningen utgörs av om någon annan än den som formellt sett driver verksamheten kan omfattas av verksamhetsutövarbegreppet och därmed det dit tillhörande avhjälpandeansvaret.  I anslutning till denna mer övergripande problemställning aktualiseras flertalet andra delfrågor, varav de mest centrala kan sammanfattas enligt följande. i) Under vilka förutsättningar kan bakomliggande aktörer svara såsom verksamhetsutövare och därmed omfattas av avhjälpandeansvaret? ii) Kan Sverige, i avsaknad av en mer precis verksamhetsutövardefinition, anses leva upp till sina unionsrättsliga åtaganden? iii) Hur förhåller sig verksamhetsutövarbegreppet till ansvarsgenombrottsinstitutet iv) Föreligger det ett behov för en mer effektiv eller tydligare reglering rörande verksamhetsutövaransvaret och hur kan en sådan i sådant fall kan utformas? I förevarande uppsats aktualiseras därmed, av naturliga skäl, tre olika rättsområden; miljö-, EU- och associationsrätt men utgångspunkten är primärt miljörättslig.