<p> The analysis of six jack pine populations along a north-south transect through the MacKenzie River Valley in the Northwest Territories revealed no significant latitudinal trends in cone and seed morphometric measurements. In attempting to determine whether any variations may be environmentally induced, Radial Growth Rates were, 1)compared between sites. and 2), were correlated with morphometric measurements. No significant results were produced. In correlating trait measurements between sites and between one another in order to determine whether migration may be producing trends, again no significant relatlonships were obtained. A comparison of jack pine with the similar species lodgepole pine suggests that if the same factors controlling the migration of lodgepole pine also control jack pine migration, wing loading should be less in more recent populations. However, this study indicates no significant results in this respect. It is suggested, however, that a further sampling south along the latitudinal transect may produce significant results.</p> / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy

Les romans à la première personne qui composent la Légende de Duluoz, le cycle autobiographique de Jack Kerouac (1922-1969), sont souvent étudiés à l’aune de la vie privée de l’auteur ou de la mythologie qui entoure les écrivains de la Beat Generation. À la lumière de l’approche performative du genre autobiographique et du genre masculin ainsi que des recherches historiographiques récentes sur la masculinité et la sexualité masculine durant la période de la Guerre froide, cette thèse se propose de déconstruire l’éthos de spontanéité confessionnelle et de virilité héroïque qui entoure l’écriture de Kerouac. Le récit de soi n’est pas chez lui un reflet fidèle du « je » ou un compte-rendu factuel de la vie de son auteur, mais une mise en scène publique de l’identité auctoriale masculine, un théâtre de l’identité en mots et en actes. Ce jeu de masques participe d’une stratégie narrative qui vise à construire une vision idéale de soi en tant qu’homme et en tant qu’écrivain et doit être lu dans le cadre de son projet de revitalisation d’une littérature et d’un homme menacés de déclin à ses yeux. En même temps, les travestissements de sa persona d’auteur témoignent de l’emprise du soupçon d’homosexualité sur la production littéraire des années 1950 et donnent à voir le malaise qui mine cette mascarade du masculin qui menace toujours d’exposer les larmes, les silences et les contradictions qu’elle cherche pourtant à masquer à tout prix. / The first-person novels which make up the Duluoz Legend, the autobiographical cycle written by Jack Kerouac (1922-1969), are often analyzed in the light of what is known of their author’s private life or of the mythology that surrounds Beat Generation writers. Informed by performative approaches to the genre of autobiography and to the masculine gender as well as by recent historiographical research on masculinity and masculine sexuality during the Cold War period, this thesis seeks to deconstruct the ethos of confessional spontaneity and of heroic manliness that surrounds Kerouac’s writings. His narrative of the self are not faithful reflections of the “I” or factual accounts of the author’s own life, but a public staging of male authorial identity, a theatre of identity in words and actions. This playful masquerade sustains a narrative strategy that aims at constructing an ideal vision of oneself as a man and as a writer and shall be read in the perspective of his wish to revitalize American literature and masculinity which he feared to be in decline. Yet, these acts of cross-dressing of the authorial persona also testify to the powerful sway of anti-homosexual paranoia over the 1950s literary output and show the trouble that undermines this performance of masculinity which constantly threatens to reveal the tears, the silences and the contradictions that it tries so hard to mask.

Cette étude s’attache à la figure de Jack Kerouac, liée de manière inédite à celle d’Hector de Saint-Denys Garneau par le truchement du thème de la pauvreté. Prenant ainsi le relais de la discussion sur la pauvreté amorcée par Gilles Marcotte, Jean Larose, Yvon Rivard et Yvan Lamonde, cette étude s’articule en deux étapes. Elle cherche d’abord, dans un premier chapitre, à identifier des échos entre les imaginaires de Garneau et de Kerouac. Elle montre aussi comment la pauvreté peut être à la fois vocation, aspiration et même posture chez chacun d’eux. Le deuxième chapitre, quant à lui, analyse l’héritage de la pauvreté de Kerouac, à l’aide de trois de ses romans : Visions of Gerard, On the Road et Satori in Paris. Enfin, ce mémoire met également en relief l’idée qu’il y a plusieurs liens à faire entre la littérature québécoise et Jack Kerouac, mais que ces liens dépassent une simple communauté de langue et tiennent plutôt à une réflexion autour de l’identité canadienne-française et d’un héritage culturel problématique commun / This study engages with Jack Kerouac’s figure, and links it to Hector de Saint-Denys Garneau’s in through the theme of poverty. Invoking theorizations of the term by Gilles Marcotte, Jean Larose, Yvon Rivard and Yvan Lamonde in relation to Québec writers, this thesis will comprise two parts. In the first chapter, this study highlights some dialogic interlinkings between Garneau’s and Kerouac’s imaginaries. The point is to explain how poverty can simultaneously be a vocation, an aspiration, and a posture (as in Jérôme Meizoz’s study) for each writer. The second chapter analyzes what Jack Kerouac’s poverty heritage entails through a discussion of three of his novels: Visions of Gerard, On the Road and Satori in Paris. Lastly, this study also highlights that they are many links to be made between Québec literature and Jack Kerouac, but that these links go beyond a linguistic community; rather, they have to do with a negotiation of both French-Canadian identity and a problematic shared cultural heritage.

Sistemas computadorizados para o processamento de multimídia em tempo real demandam alta capacidade de processamento. Problemas que exigem grandes capacidades de processamento são comumente abordados através do uso de sistemas paralelos ou distribuídos; no entanto, a conjunção das dificuldades inerentes tanto aos sistemas de tempo real quanto aos sistemas paralelos e distribuídos tem levado o desenvolvimento com vistas ao processamento de multimídia em tempo real por sistemas computacionais de uso geral a ser baseado em equipamentos centralizados e monoprocessados. Em diversos sistemas para multimídia há a necessidade de baixa latência durante a interação com o usuário, o que reforça ainda mais essa tendência para o processamento em um único nó. Neste trabalho, implementamos um mecanismo para o processamento síncrono e distribuído de áudio com características de baixa latência em uma rede local, permitindo o uso de um sistema distribuído de baixo custo para esse processamento. O objetivo primário é viabilizar o uso de sistemas computacionais distribuídos para a gravação e edição de material musical em estúdios domésticos ou de pequeno porte, contornando a necessidade de hardware dedicado de alto custo. O sistema implementado consiste em duas partes: uma, genérica, implementada sob a forma de um middleware para o processamento síncrono e distribuído de mídias contínuas com baixa latência; outra, específica, baseada na primeira, voltada para o processamento de áudio e compatível com aplicações legadas através da interface padronizada LADSPA. É de se esperar que pesquisas e aplicações futuras em que necessidades semelhantes se apresentem possam utilizar o middleware aqui descrito para outros tipos de processamento de áudio bem como para o processamento de outras mídias, como vídeo. / Computer systems for real-time multimedia processing require high processing power. Problems that depend on high processing power are usually solved by using parallel or distributed computing techniques; however, the combination of the difficulties of both real-time and parallel programming has led the development of applications for real-time multimedia processing for general purpose computer systems to be based on centralized and single-processor systems. In several systems for multimedia processing, there is a need for low latency during the interaction with the user, which reinforces the tendency towards single-processor development. In this work, we implemented a mechanism for synchronous and distributed audio processing with low latency on a local area network which makes the use of a low cost distributed system for this kind of processing possible. The main goal is to allow the use of distributed systems for recording and editing of musical material in home and small studios, bypassing the need for high-cost equipment. The system we implemented is made of two parts: the first, generic, implemented as a middleware for synchronous and distributed processing of continuous media with low latency; and the second, based on the first, geared towards audio processing and compatible with legacy applications based on the standard LADSPA interface. We expect that future research and applications that share the needs of the system developed here make use of the middleware we developed, both for other kinds of audio processing as well as for the processing of other media forms, such as video.

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-14T18:59:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Samir_Carvalho2017.pdf: 1168334 bytes, checksum: c557cbab9c0e473faea9ae923a224291 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-14T18:59:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Samir_Carvalho2017.pdf: 1168334 bytes, checksum: c557cbab9c0e473faea9ae923a224291 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-20 / The objective of this work is to analyze the aesthetic ideals of two writers of the Beat Generation: Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg. With such an objective in mind, their two main works, On the Road and Howl, respectively, were studied comparatively. Through this study, we tried to delineate the interpretation that each author gives to these ideals they share, showing the divergences of understanding and materialization of such ideals in these two works. Besides, there is a historical trajectory. Firstly, building a strong base for the work, we analyze the historical period in America during the moment of formation of the generation. The historical focus then shifts to the private lives of each author, their cultural and linguistic influences, their intellectual itineraries. From that knowledge, it is also possible to understand the process of formation of the ideals themselves, central theme of this dissertation. We also tried to show how the next generations got hold of the ideals studied here, how the readers interpreted those artistic works in an individual way. From that, the authors’ reaction to this reinterpretation is reflected upon. In other words, this work is a deep survey of the aesthetic ideals of two artists, their formation and perpetuation. The main documents and texts used in the development of the analysis described above were: private journals to trace in time the transition of thoughts on their own artistic practices, letters exchanged between the two artists to demonstrate how their thoughts communicated and diverged in certain aspects, articles from newspapers and magazines to show the reception they had at the time and what others thought of the texts we studied, and biographies to base the text with history fundamentals. / O objetivo do presente trabalho é o de fazer uma análise dos ideais estéticos de dois autores da Beat Generation: Jack Kerouac e Allen Ginsberg. Para tal, empreendeu-se um estudo comparativo das principais obras de cada autor, a saber, On the Road (1957) e “Howl” (1956), respectivamente. Através de tal estudo, pretende-se delinear a interpretação que cada autor dá aos ideais que os dois compartilham, demonstrar as divergências de compreensão e a efetivação dos ideais nessas duas obras. Além do mais, uma trajetória histórica é traçada em alguns sentidos. Primeiramente, com o objetivo de oferecer base para o trabalho, mostra-se o momento histórico vivido nos Estados Unidos durante o período de formação da geração da qual fazer parte os autores. Também é foco de análise histórica a vida particular de cada autor, suas influências culturais e linguísticas, sua trajetória intelectual. A partir de tal conhecimento, é possível compreender também o processo de formação dos ideais estéticos, tema central dessa dissertação. Também se busca demonstrar a apropriação dos ideais estudados pela geração seguinte à dos escritores analisados: a geração leitora que interpretou as obras de maneira particular. A partir disso deseja-se investigar a reação de cada um dos autores para tal reinterpretação. Em outras palavras, trata-se de uma sondagem profunda dos ideais estéticos de dois artistas, sua formação e sua perpetuação. Os principais documentos e textos utilizados para o desenvolvimento da análise acima descrita foram: diários particulares para delinear no tempo as nuances de pensamento sobre suas próprias práticas artísticas, correspondências trocadas entre os autores para demonstrar como os pensamentos dos dois dialogavam e confrontavam um com o outro, artigos de jornais e revistas da época para desvelar a recepção que os autores tiveram e elucubrações diversas sobre os textos estudados, além de biografias para embasar os demais estudos com fundamentação histórica.

Sistemas computadorizados para o processamento de multimídia em tempo real demandam alta capacidade de processamento. Problemas que exigem grandes capacidades de processamento são comumente abordados através do uso de sistemas paralelos ou distribuídos; no entanto, a conjunção das dificuldades inerentes tanto aos sistemas de tempo real quanto aos sistemas paralelos e distribuídos tem levado o desenvolvimento com vistas ao processamento de multimídia em tempo real por sistemas computacionais de uso geral a ser baseado em equipamentos centralizados e monoprocessados. Em diversos sistemas para multimídia há a necessidade de baixa latência durante a interação com o usuário, o que reforça ainda mais essa tendência para o processamento em um único nó. Neste trabalho, implementamos um mecanismo para o processamento síncrono e distribuído de áudio com características de baixa latência em uma rede local, permitindo o uso de um sistema distribuído de baixo custo para esse processamento. O objetivo primário é viabilizar o uso de sistemas computacionais distribuídos para a gravação e edição de material musical em estúdios domésticos ou de pequeno porte, contornando a necessidade de hardware dedicado de alto custo. O sistema implementado consiste em duas partes: uma, genérica, implementada sob a forma de um middleware para o processamento síncrono e distribuído de mídias contínuas com baixa latência; outra, específica, baseada na primeira, voltada para o processamento de áudio e compatível com aplicações legadas através da interface padronizada LADSPA. É de se esperar que pesquisas e aplicações futuras em que necessidades semelhantes se apresentem possam utilizar o middleware aqui descrito para outros tipos de processamento de áudio bem como para o processamento de outras mídias, como vídeo. / Computer systems for real-time multimedia processing require high processing power. Problems that depend on high processing power are usually solved by using parallel or distributed computing techniques; however, the combination of the difficulties of both real-time and parallel programming has led the development of applications for real-time multimedia processing for general purpose computer systems to be based on centralized and single-processor systems. In several systems for multimedia processing, there is a need for low latency during the interaction with the user, which reinforces the tendency towards single-processor development. In this work, we implemented a mechanism for synchronous and distributed audio processing with low latency on a local area network which makes the use of a low cost distributed system for this kind of processing possible. The main goal is to allow the use of distributed systems for recording and editing of musical material in home and small studios, bypassing the need for high-cost equipment. The system we implemented is made of two parts: the first, generic, implemented as a middleware for synchronous and distributed processing of continuous media with low latency; and the second, based on the first, geared towards audio processing and compatible with legacy applications based on the standard LADSPA interface. We expect that future research and applications that share the needs of the system developed here make use of the middleware we developed, both for other kinds of audio processing as well as for the processing of other media forms, such as video.

Mitte der 1920er Jahre und im Kontext der irischen Unabhängigkeit erklärte der Kunstkritiker Thomas MacGreevy (1893–1967) den Maler Jack B. Yeats (1871–1957) zum Nationalkünstler Irlands und verglich sein Werk mit keinem Geringeren als dem Francisco de Goyas. Im Zuge dessen konstatierte er, „Yeats’ […] pictures such as A Republican Funeral will [one day] be considered as important a part of the nation’s history as Goya’s 3rd of May is to the Spanish art lover” (MacGreevy 7999/1, S. 8). Bemerkenswert ist dabei zunächst, dass MacGreevy die historischen Gegebenheiten im Spanien Goyas mit denen Irlands im 20. Jahrhundert gleichsetzte (MacGreevy 7999/1, S. 3). Zusätzlich aber reihte der Kritiker Yeats damit auch in eine künstlerische Traditionslinie ein, sei doch der Ire ebenso wie der spanische Hofmaler in der Lage gewesen, zeithistorische Ereignisse seiner Heimat in adäquater Weise in die eigene Kunst zu übersetzen (MacGreevy 7999/2, S. 3), wobei er dessen Bild A Republican Funeral auf eine Stufe mit dem wohl bedeutendsten Gemälde Goyas stellte.

La multivalence est reconnue en tant qu’outil permettant d’augmenter le pouvoir d’inhibition d’un inhibiteur. La mise en évidence, en 2010, d’un effet multivalent puissant sur l’inhibition des glycosidases par un iminosucre multivalent a ouvert la voie vers la synthèse de clusters toujours plus puissants. En 2016, un composé multivalent a permis d’atteindre une inhibition 173000 fois meilleure que le composé monovalent correspondant, ce qui équivaut à une augmentation record du pouvoir d’inhibition par iminosucre de 4800. La synthèse d’une nouvelle génération d’iminosucres multivalents à ligand affin pour sa cible, pour parvenir à augmenter encore l’effet multivalent, était mon objectif de thèse. Au cours de ce travail, de nouveaux iminosucres multivalents à motif gluco- ou mannoimidazole, très affin des mannosidases, ont été synthétisés. Ces composés multivalents ont permis de travailler sur deux projets parallèles : un projet fondamental et un projet appliqué. Le premier a consisté en l’étude de l’influence de l’affinité du ligand sur l’effet multivalent par mesure du pouvoir d’inhibition sur l’enzyme commerciale répondant le mieux à l’effet multivalent, l’α-mannosidase de Jack-bean. Les résultats montrent l’existence d’un effet multivalent notable mais sa valeur n’est pas aussi importante comparée aux études précédentes. Les iminosucres multivalents pouvant également cibler les glycosidases d’intérêt thérapeutique, nous nous sommes intéressés, dans le cadre du projet appliqué, au traitement de la mucoviscidose. L’idée était de viser les mannosidases I et II du réticulum endoplasmique pour permettre de secourir la protéine CFTR déficiente impliquée dans cette maladie. Malheureusement, aucun effet correcteur ni potentiateur n’a pu être observé pour nos composés. En marge de ces axes principaux, une méthode de déshydroxylation sélective a été optimisée et développée en élargissant son champ d’application et en apportant des preuves mécanistiques. / Multivalency is known to be a tool to drive inhibitors more potent. The multivalent effect, evidenced in 2010 with multivalent iminosugar on glycosidase inhibition, paved the way to the synthesis of multimeric inhibitors even more powerful. In 2016, an iminosugar cluster was reported to be 173 000 times more potent inhibitor compared to the monovalent reference. This is equal to an inhibitory potency enhancement of 4800 per iminosugar. The goal of my PhD was the synthesis of a new generation of multivalent iminosugars very potent towards their target, to keep increasing multivalent effect. New multivalent iminosugars with glycoimidazole motifs, with high affinity towards mannosidases, were synthetised. Those multivalent compounds allowed us to work on two parallel projects: a fundamental and an applied one. The first one focused on the influence of ligand affinity on multivalent effect by measuring the inhibition potency on the most sensitive to multivalent effect commercially available enzyme: the Jack-bean α-mannosidase. Results showed that multivalent effect was maintained but at a lower level than those reported previously. Multivalent iminosugars being also able to target glycosidases of therapeutic interest, we were interested in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Targeting endoplasmic reticulum mannosidases I and II could restore the CFTR protein whose deficiency is the root cause of the disease. Unfortunately, no corrective or potentiation effect were observed. Aside those principal lines, a selective dehydroxylation method was optimized and developed widening the scope and providing mechanistic proofs.

The purpose of this project is to investigate the historical and theological origins of the doctrine of Original Grace and test its viability within Stone-Campbell soteriology. Chapter 1 seeks to provide an exhaustive literature review of those works of the proponents of Original Grace in which they discuss the doctrine in order to demonstrate the place of Original Grace within each tradition, and to make specific connections from the ideas of each writer to their respective theological, philosophical, and historical influences. Chapter 2 explores the exegetical basis for the doctrine of Original Grace. The bulk of attention is given to Romans 5:12-21, as the principal passage cited in discussions of the subject, and to the exegesis of Jack Cottrell, who displays the most current and developed version of the doctrine of Original Grace. I seek, primarily, to delve deeply into the text to gain a deeper understanding of the ways in which the doctrine of Original Grace has been extracted from this text, explore the most detailed textual justification that has been provided for the doctrine, and ultimately determine what is at stake in the unique reading of the text that brings out Original Grace. Secondarily, I seek to assess whether the Original Grace interpretation of the passage is successful on its own terms. Chapter 3 aims to make a significant contribution to Stone-Campbell Movement theology, and also contribute to wider contemporary theological conversations from within the Stone-Campbell Movement. Specifically, I seek to discover how the doctrine of Original Grace fares in conversation with other accounts of grace and salvation, both as a potential contribution, and by running the gauntlet of critique within that conversation. The chapter makes this contribution by discussing the theological and practical implications of Original Grace, identifying and analyzing both the doctrine’s theological strengths and weaknesses, describing and evaluating the theological contribution of the doctrine of Original Grace in regard to the three most critical exegetical issues, and assessing the viability of Original Grace as part of the traditional and contemporary Stone-Campbell soteriological system.

No description available.