>Magister Scientiae - MSc / In South Africa, the Occupational Specific Dispensation (OSD) for professional nurses provides a structure for training and career progression in the Public Health Sector. It necessitates the urgency for professional nurses who are working in specialty units at hospitals, to study further in advanced post-graduate nursing sciences programmes, e.g. advanced psychiatric nursing. Professional nurses were not informed about the implications of the OSD for practice, prior to implementation. It was unclear how advanced psychiatric nurses were experiencing their practice in an OSD hospital setting. In this study, the experiences of advanced psychiatric nurses who were practising at an OSD psychiatric public hospital led to the description of guidelines for supporting these nurses during their practice in an OSD ward. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was followed. The study population consisted of advanced psychiatric nurses (N = 50). Purposive sampling was conducted until data saturation was reached. Eight participants were included in the sample. In-depth unstructured individual interviews were conducted with each of these participants. Field notes were kept and voice recordings of all interview sessions were captured. The researcher conducted a pilot study with one participant in order to detect possible flaws that could occur during the data collection process. The data analysis where themes were identified was based on Tesch‟s method of qualitative analysis. A literature control supported the findings of this study. Subsequently, guidelines were described from the findings according to the method of Muller (2001:204-205). Trustworthiness was maintained by using the criteria of Guba‟s model; that is credibility, transferability, confirmability, and dependability. The ethical principles of the right to self-determination, withdrawal from the research study, privacy, autonomy and confidentiality, fair treatment, protection from discomfort and harm, and obtaining informed written consent was adhered to. Four themes emerged from the data that indicated: the under-utilisation of the full scope of advanced nursing skills, role conflict and overload, organisational structural barriers that delayed the implementation and practice of advanced nursing skills, and failure to conceptualise / clarify advanced nursing role that resulted in unrealistic and / or unmet expectations.

This diploma thesis consists of theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part reviews some theories of motivation as well as theories of work motivation. Secondly, it describes the relationship between motivation, job satisfaction and performance. Thirdly, there is a description of job satisfaction factors. In the practical part, job satisfaction was analysed in the particular company and a few recommendations to the company management were made. The company situation was revised after ten months and other recommendations to the management were made.

Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom(IPS) / In the current recessionary cycle in which individuals finds themselves, it is interesting to see whether organisations and individuals have changed their strategies or whether they pursued their tried and tested inherent mechanisms of recruitment/work selection. In recessionary times, organisations would usually have a bigger pool to select from whilst employees, in turn, would try to position themselves in a stable work environment. From an organisational perspective, organisations have also undergone major transitions such as downsizing, merges and acquisitions, right sizing, restructuring, and reengineering. These changes have a direct impact on employees' level of motivation and job satisfaction (Ellison & Schreuder, 2000). The concept of a traditional career that an employee occupies for a lifetime performing one type of work in an organisation no longer exists. Instead, employees now work for more than one organisation in their lifetime. These changes entail that employees need to be flexible and adaptive in making career decisions (Schreuder & Coetzee, 2006). Career anchorscan be operationalized as a representation of self- perceived talents, motives, values and abilities that guide employees to make career decisions. Schreuder and Coetzee (2006), are of the opinion that if employees are not familiar with their career anchors, they could find themselves trapped in work environments that are not satisfactory and would continually be questioning themselves. Suutari and Taka (2004) emphasize the fact that there needs to be a fit between the careers of employees and the work environment. If there is no fit between the career anchors of employees and the work environment then employees are likely to become dissatisfied which may result in a high turnover of staff with a corresponding low productivity rate. This study investigates and explores the phenomenon of career anchors based on Schein's 1978 career anchor theory and how these career anchors affect employees level of job satisfaction. The Career Anchor Inventory and the Job Descriptive Index were administered to a sample of 154 employees at a leading retail organisation who completed the questionnaires. The results of this research study indicate that there are significant relationships between biographical factors and career anchors as well as between biographical factors and job satisfaction and similarly between typology of career anchors and dimensions of job satisfaction.

Syftet med rapporten är att kartlägga en platschefs arbetsdag samt att se vilka faktorer som påverkar detta. Undersökningens mål är att se hur mycket tid som en platschef spenderar på uppgifter som inte ingår i dennes arbetsbeskrivning.  För att undersöka detta användes två olika metoder. Den första var observationer i form av skuggning, där forskarna går jämte en platschef under en arbetsdag och antecknar vilka uppgifter som utförs och hur lång tid dessa tar. Den andra metoden är i form av en intervju som hölls med den observerade platschefen i slutet av dagen.  I resultatet redogörs empirin som har samlats in i undersökningen och presenteras i form av olika faktorer som är tagna från den sammansatta arbetsbeskrivningen och intervjufrågor som gav relevanta svar.  I slutsatsen redogörs det att en betydande del av platschefens arbetsdag ägnas åt uppgifter som inte ingår i dennes formella arbetsbeskrivning. Därutöver presenteras de faktorer som har en påtaglig inverkan på hur mycket tid som faktiskt läggs på dessa uppgifter. / The purpose of this report is to map out a site manager's workday and to identify factors that influence it. The aim of the investigation is to determine how much time a site manager spends on tasks that are not included in their job description. To examine this, observations in the form of shadowing are used, where the researchers accompany a site manager during a workday and takes notes of the preformed tasks along with the needed time. The second method is in the form of an interview which is held with the observed site manager at the end of the day.  The report presents the empirical evidence collected during the investigation and identifies various factors from the compiled job description and the interview questions that yielded relevant answers. To conclude the report, it is noted that a significant portion of the site manager's workday is devoted to tasks that are not formally included in their job description. Additionally, the factors that have a significant impact on how much time is spent on these tasks are presented.

This study is based on interviews with five unit managers working in the functional disabilities business. The purpose of this paper is to examine how these unit managers see their roles and their leadership, and to give the reader an insight into what it might entail to be a manager in social work. Theories applied are the role theory and three leadership theories. The previous research this study made ​​use of affects “leadership in social work" and "manager's role and leadership style." Being a unit manager of the functional disabilities business means having a so-called middle management position, which entails expectations being directed upon them from various avenues. The results show that managers in this study specifically identify that their guidance is being directly affected by the absence of a job description, which according to the managers means they are forced to rely on themselves to construct a framework for their own professional capacity. The interviewed managers say that the lack of a job description causes a number of negative consequences, not only on their personal roles but for the business as a whole. Examples of such negative consequences have shown that the unit managers are not always certain of what is included in their role and how to prioritize between different tasks. According to the managers, the absence of a job description is ultimately driving large variations between different units in terms of how managers work. However, the results also show that the lack of a job description is affecting the managers performance in their ability to make confident, executive decisions. Factors affecting management and leadership in social work highlighted as important include education, social skills, ability to understand individuals in a group, self-awareness and humility. An important point to be emphasized is that education does not automatically make a person a good manager and leader, the personal qualities are essential.

Final work - Abstract Surname and Name: Bc. Trčková Dagmar Title of the thesis: Comparison of the requirements for the professional competence and job description of directors of kindergartens in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic Type of thesis: Diploma thesis Name of faculty: Pedagogická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy v Praze Name of university department: School Management Centre Supervisor: PhDr. Václav Trojan, PhD. Level of professional qualification: Management of education Year of submission of the thesis: 2014 Number of pages: 72 Keywords: Comparison, Kindergarten, Professional Competence, Job Description, Director, Founder

Magnifizenz, werte Vertreter des Staatsministeriums, verehrte Bürgermeister, sehr geehrte Vertreter des sächsischen Immobilien- und Baumanagements, verehrte Mitglieder des Rektorates, liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen aus den sächsischen Bibliotheken und der hiesigen Universitätsbibliothek, liebe Studierendenvertreter, liebe Gäste, in der Regel beginnen Reden zu derartigen Anlässen mit der Vorstellung der eigenen Person oder dem Rückblick auf verschiedene Lebensstationen. Da Sie diese Fakten auf der Website der Universität nachlesen können, gestatten Sie mir bitte, mich ein wenig pauschaler der Wahrnehmung des Bibliothekars in der Gesellschaft zu widmen.

Im Beitrag werden wesentliche Herausforderungen denen Ärzte als Berufsgruppe aktuell gegenüberstehen aufgezeigt und in Bezug auf ihre Auswirkungen hinsichtlich des traditionellen ärztlichen Berufsbildes diskutiert. Ärzte können dabei als Angehörige einer geradezu klassischen Profession betrachtet werden. So werden im Beitrag allgemeine professionsspezifische Merkmale, wie z.B. die Anwendung hochspezifischen Wissens, der hohe Autonomiegrad in Bezug auf die Durchführung der eigenen Tätigkeit oder die Orientierung an einem „Berufsethos“, auf Ärzte übertragen und spezifiziert. Anschließend werden Herausforderungen in Form 1) der Entwicklung zur Wissens- und Informationsgesellschaft, 2) des demographischen Wandels in Deutschland und insbesondere 3) die aktuellen Tendenzen einer neuen politischen Steuerungslogik von Gesundheitsleistungen erläutert. Dann wird aufgezeigt, dass diese Tendenzen in vielerlei Hinsicht eine Bedrohung für das traditionelle professionelle Berufsbild des Arztes darstellen, indem etwa eine Aushöhlung des ärztlichen Wissensbestandes wahrgenommen werden kann oder die bisherigen Standards des ärztlichen Arbeitsvollzuges hinterfragt werden. Diese Bedrohung äußert sich dabei u.a. in konkreten Handlungskonflikten, denen Ärzte in ihrer alltäglichen Berufspraxis, d.h. im täglichen Umgang mit Patienten, gegenüberstehen. Insofern behandelt der Beitrag zugleich mögliche Auswirkungen auf den ärztlichen Arbeitsvollzug und die Erbringung von Gesundheitsleistungen. Der Fokus richtet sich dabei insbesondere auf die ärztliche Praxis in Krankenhäusern. Letztlich wird hervorgehoben, dass Erkenntnisse über Professionen, professionelle Handlungsmuster und die damit zusammenhänge Steuerungslogik professioneller Leistungen in sogenannten „professionellen“ oder „bürokratisch-professionellen“ Organisationen von genereller Wichtigkeit sind, um die aktuell ablaufenden Veränderungsprozesse in medizinischen Einrichtungen analysierbar und in ihrer sozialen Dynamik als auch ihrer Ergebnisse interpretierbar zu machen. / The paper shows that German hospital clinicians are faced with crucial challenges to their professional self-understanding nowadays. For this, clinicians are introduced as professionals by explaining specific characteristics of their occupation, like the knowledge intense activity or the high grade of work autonomy. Further the papers explains that the present challenges express conflicts between the traditional occupational orientation of clinicians and new expectations referring to the manner of clinical work. Three main challenges are to identify 1) the development of a knowledge intensive society, with growing possibilities to get information about disease diagnosis and therapy 2) the demographic change and 3) the partly corresponding changes in the political steering of public health services. The paper points out, that these developments threat traditional professional orientations as they lead to a socially perceived hollowing out of medical knowledge and a change of professional standards of medical performance. It is to highlight that these conflicts cannot only get separated as subjective or psychological problem of clinicians. Moreover these conflicts influence the concrete treatment of patients in hospitals. In this way, the paper delivers insights to analyse, understand and judge present change contents and change dynamics in „professional organizations” and „bureauprofessional organizations”.

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1 ABSTRACT The aim of the diploma thesis is to make research on of how leadership influence the motivation of employees in the environment of the organization XY. The thesis will try to highlight the two main areas, which are the concepts of leadership and motivation, that are often forgotten to be reopened and revise after the establishment of organizations. The theoretical part will deal with motivation and other areas related to it, when it is most often related to performance. The following chapter about leadership will have a more extensive and detailed view compared to the first one, when outside the approaches we will focus on the essence of leadership work embedded partly in the organization XY and explain the difficult situations that most often occur in the lives of managers. The main purpose of the thesis will be in the empirical part to conduct qualitative research through semi-structured interviews in selected organization XY with managers and their individual members, which are employees of the organization XY. The interviews will focus on key areas based on the knowledge of the theoretical part. The work will try to find out whether it is possible to find what factors of leadership affect the motivation of employees. An analysis of the internal documents and tools used by organization XY in...