This thesis examines two aspects of the shaping of school pupils and has its theoretical base in Foucault's concepts of governmentality and conduct of conduct. The initial study deals with the construction of the ideal pupil in two curricula texts from 1969 and 1994. The second focuses on how pupils are constructed and construct themselves in the school context. The method of inquiry is text analysis and group interviews. The curricula study describes pupils' desired competencies in curricula texts today and forty years ago. The study notes that during the last four decades the honest, helpful, patient and considerate subject has been replaced by a responsible, reflective, active and critical subject. A subject with dichotomous competencies is elaborated to show the antithesis to the democratic pupil/member of society. The discussion deals with how the desired competencies may effect schoolwork and the interaction between teachers and pupils, and vice versa.  The second study deals with what a group of pupil talk about, how they do it and who is allowed to talk when. The subject matter is how nine-year-old pupils argue with each other about coming off well in school or failing as a pupil. The results indicate that relations with peers is central for nine-year-old pupils during the school day, and that traditional school work - such as reading and writing, maths and so on -  is not something the pupils pay particularly much attention to. The pupils must learn to master a number of implicit rules about the conduct of a school girl or a school boy. Most pupils learn the prevailing criteria without difficulty, but those who fail in this matter are in one way or another excluded from other children's activities. To position oneself and others is a basic part of the interaction with others and is always in progress. Positioning in this sense is not to be mixed up with social positions and status in more traditional terms. You position yourself and the other as soon as you catch sight of each other by asking yourself: Who am I and who is he/she? This question is strictly tied to here and now in a special context, and continues as long as any kind of interaction exists between two or more people. The children have different techniques for positioning themselves and each other, and use them more or less frequently. Some pupils are more competitive than others and express a more hierarchic idea in their relations to other pupils. Other boys and girls seem to have very little interest in such competition and manage to position themselves without comparing or competing.

The objectives of this study was to test the Transition Monitoring Survey (TMS) and to examine similarities and differences in the transition experiences between athletes in the beginning of the transition and in the middle of the transition from junior to senior sport. A pilot study (n = 10) was conducted with a combination of survey and debriefing. The main study (n =135) was quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. Participants were divided into two groups; athletes in the beginning and athletes in the middle of the transition. The results showed thirteen significant differences in demands, coping strategies, resources and perceived stress. Athletes in the middle of the transition showed more adaptation to the transition process then athletes in the beginning. The study also shows that the TMS works well. The results are discussed based on frameworks and previous research.

The purpose of the study was to compare differences among 18 personality trait scales of the California Personality Inventory (CPI), six American Association of Health, Physical Education and Recreation (AAHPER) tests of physical fitness, and Ponderal Index (PI, or body mass) measurements for a population of ethnic Chinese and aboriginal Taiwanese junior high school male athletes and nonathletes; the secondary purpose was to determine relationships among these variables. The study sample included 839 subjects, administered the tests at 18 junior high schools in Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC). Statistical analysis was prepared at the Institute of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan, ROC. The subject population included 183 subjects active in team sports (volleyball, soccer, baseball), 214 subjects active in individual sports (track and field, wrestling, swimming), and 442 nonathlete subjects between the ages 13 to 16 years. From the results of this investigation, it was found that ethnic Chinese and aboriginal Taiwanese subjects differed significantly on several of the CPI trait scales and physical fitness tests, but that there were no significant differences between the two racial classifications for PI measurements. Athlete subjects from both racial classifications scored significantly higher than nonathletes on all of the physical fitness tests, and upon several of the CPI trait scales. Nonathletes from both racial classifications scored significantly higher than athletes from both groups for the PI measurements. In addition, team sport athletes scored significantly higher than individual sport athletes on physical fitness tests for sit-ups, the long jump, and the 600-yard run, as well as for PI measurements and the CPI Self-Acceptance scale. Significant interactions were found between athletes and nonathletes from both racial classifications for the sit-ups, shuttle run, and 50-yard dash physical fitness test and the CPI Communality scale, and between individual and team sport athletes from both racial classifications for the pull-ups and sit-ups physical fitness tests. For the ethnic Chinese subjects, with the exception of pull-ups, there was a significant interaction between all physical fitness tests and for 15 of the 18 CPI trait scales; for the aboriginal Taiwanese subjects, there was a significant interaction between all of the physical fitness tests and total CPI score. No significant correlationships were found between the CPI trait scales, tests of physical fitness, and PI measurements for ethnic Chinese subjects, whereas significant correlations among the same variables were established for the aboriginal Taiwanese subjects. For the latter, as physical fitness test scores increased, there was a tendency for certain personality characteristics (Dominance, Capacity for Status, Sociability, Social Presence, Self-Acceptance, Achievement via Independence, Intellectual Efficiency, and Femininity) to become increasingly strong influences. / Graduation date: 1992

Syftet med studien var att studera sambandet mellan elitjuniorers ledarskapspreferenser och deras personlighet. Urvalsgruppen bestod av 167 elitjuniorer, i åldrarna 16-20 år (M=17,29). Försökspersonerna var av både manligt (116 st) och kvinnligt (51 st) kön, vilka var aktiva inom interaktiva bollsporter. Deltagarna fick svara på tre olika frågeformulär (1) Demografisk fakta (2) Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS) (3) NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Efterföljande korrelationsanalyser visade signifikanta samband mellan Extraversion, Demokratiskt ledarbeteende och Positiv Feedback, samt mellan Neuroticism och Socialt stödjande ledarbeteende. Resultatet visade även ett signifikant samband mellan personlighetsdraget Trevlighet och Autokratiskt- och Socialt stödjande ledarbeteende. En slutsats utifrån resultatet är att prefererat ledarskap formas av olika personlighetsdrag, och varierar bland individer genom dess personlighet. I diskussionsdelen föreslås att ledarskapet inom idrotten bör präglas av en flexibilitet och anpassas till enskilda individer i större utsträckning. Exempel på praktiska implikationer och framtida forskning ges. / The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between elite junior athlete’s   leadership preferences and their personality. Study participants consisted of 167 elite juniors, aged 16-20 years (M = 17,29). Subjects were both male (116) and female (51), and active in interactive sports. Participants were asked to answer three questionnaires (1) Demographic facts (2) Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS) (3) NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Subsequent correlation analyses showed significant associations between Extraversion, Democratic behavior and Positive Feedback, and between Neuroticism and social supportive behavior. The results also showed a significant correlation between the personality trait Agreeableness and Autocratic and Social support behavior. One conclusion from the results is that preferred leadership is a function of the athlete’s personality traits. This suggests that leadership in sports should be characterized by flexibility and adaptation to athlete’s individual differences to a greater extend. Examples of practical implications and future research are presented.

近年韓國偶像風潮襲捲亞洲，本研究目的以Super Junior與其歌迷E.L.F.共創的文本內容（包含初級偶像文本、次級偶像文本和迷文本）為例，探究其如何塑造雙方的想像關係與情感認同，描繪偶像文本的特色、內涵與故事，以及想像與情感的關係。 透過文獻回顧，將迷定義為「在某段特定時間，特別為某些文本內容所吸引並產生互動，具有相當程度之認同與涉入的閱聽人」並發現迷的認同與想像來自對偶像的情感。偶像文本依循神話敘事發展情境，使迷在原有的經驗上建立新的意象，並進一步引發迷的生產行為（迷文本）。 本研究經由文本分析法，了解Super Junior偶像文本以及E.L.F.的應援活動內涵；透過深入訪談剖析E.L.F.的想像和情感世界，並藉由研究者曾參與Super Junior偶像文本的經驗，補充文本原貌。 本研究結果歸納如下：Super Junior初級偶像文本分為誕生、考驗和成型三個階段，是一沒有結局且不斷交織、循環、反饋、相互參照的過程。其次，Super Junior次級偶像文本則由演唱會舞台敘事為代表，與E.L.F.的情感形成七項對應階段。 最後，E.L.F.與Super Junior的關係能夠透過Super Junior偶像文本建立，E.L.F.不再是Super Junior的從屬文本，E.L.F.不僅接收、消費偶像文本，也是Super Junior偶像文本的創造者，其情感結構從矛盾、憧憬到參與；生產行為則是E.L.F.對Super Junior表達情感的方式，亦是取得Super Junior偶像文本的參與位置的手段。 / In recent years, “Korean Wave” is more and more popular in Asia. Korean pop music, referred to as “K-pop”, has played a significant role in the Korean wave.The important fact of fan culture between Super Junior and E.L.F (the name of Super Junior fans) needs to be discovered that Super Junior and E.L.F create text which builds the imaginational relationship and affection between them. As revealed in literature review, the imaginational relationship and affection come from the narrative form and structure of myth. This study uses contextual analysis, in-depth interviews and observational survey to collect Super Junior history and E.L.F “ouen”(cheer) actions. Through the research and the understanding of the context from Super Junior and E.L.F, this study tries to construct a new method of new narrative in idol area. There are three conclusions can be addressed as follow: First of all, Super Junior primary text is a three-stage process. Secondly, Super Junior secondary text can be described as a seven-stage process which is responsed by affection of E.L.F.. Finally, Super Junior tertiary text is the way that both Super Junior and E.L.F use to build up the imaginational relationship and affection between them.

Teach For America (TFA) has seen its profile and list of donors expand tremendously in recent years. Despite its success in attracting support, research on the effectiveness of the program has been inconclusive. This study investigates the impact of TFA on student achievement measured at the state level. Panel data from grades 4 and 8 are analyzed to examine how the presence of TFA corps members in a state impacts student test scores compared to states which have no TFA corps members.

No description available.

對於組織而言，雖然人員的流動是一種正常現象，但是過高的離職率反倒會對組織產生不良影響。以司法院人事處暨所屬人事機構為例，雖然其內部遷調機制尚稱完善，但相較於2008年至2012年行政機關薦任(派)以下公務人員平均離職率6.53%，司法院人事處暨所屬人事機構基層人事人員2008年至2012年之平均離職率仍高達11.29%。 為了解上述基層人事人員高離職率背後所隱含的原因，本文以質的研究方法，運用文獻探討法及深度訪談方式，探究司法院人事處暨所屬人事機構基層人事人員之離職因素，以期找出問題所在並提出對策。 / For the organization, the movement of persons is a normal phenomenon. However, the high turnover rate actually adversely affects the organization. Take Judicial Personnel Office and its subordinate personnel institutions for example. Despite their internal mechanism for transfer is acceptable, the average turnover rate of Junior Personnel officers in Judicial Personnel Office and its subordinate personnel institutions is still as high as 11.29% from 2008 to 2012, while the average turnover rate of Junior Personnel officer in The Executive Yuan is only 6.53% in the same period. In order to find the reasons of high turnover rate of junior personnel officer in Judicial Personnel Office and its subordinate personnel institutions, I used qualitative research method, documentary Analysis and depth interviews in this thesis. By doing so, we may identify the problem about this issue, come up with strategies to deal with them.

This essay studies the written performance of 43 Swedish junior high school students. Relative clauses, prepositional usage and subject-verb agreement are studied and analysed in order to see what and how many errors the students make and then finally to see if there is any difference in the performance of boys and girls. Previous research in the area has shown an advantage in favour of girls and this study confirmed this. Even though the differences were not marked, the girls performed better than the boys in the majority of the cases studied. The data further indicated that there is great variation within the gender groups as well as between them.

The purposes of this study were to understand the opinions of English teachers in junior high school in Kaohsiung City on the selection criteria and the influence factors for English textbooks, and to offer a few concrete suggestions for the improvement of junior high schools textbook selection according to the results. The research adopted questionnaire survey method. The questionnaire was designed and distributed to 400 English teachers from 45 junior high schools in Kaohsiung City as the subjects. As a result, 305 were valid responded corresponding with a 76% of return rate. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffe method were conducted for data analysis and finally come to the following results: 1. The teachers generally agree to the importance of the textbook selection criteria, in which they emphasize the most on ¡§context-related properties,¡¨ and the less on ¡§physical properties.¡¨ 2. On the whole, the teachers agree to the influence factors on textbook selection, and the ¡§internal factors¡¨ have more influence than the ¡§external factors.¡¨ 3. English teachers are the main participants in selecting English textbooks in junior high school, and the final results are determined in the meeting of textbook selection. 4. There are significant different opinions on the importance of the textbook selection criteria due to the ¡§school sizes,¡¨ ¡§genders,¡¨ ¡§years of teaching experience,¡¨ and the ¡§experiences of textbook selection.¡¨ 5. There are significant different opinions on the influence factors on textbook selection because of the ¡§locations of school,¡¨ ¡§educational qualifications,¡¨ ¡§years of teaching experience,¡¨ and the ¡§experiences of textbook selection.¡¨ Based on the results of the study, some suggestions are proposed to the educational authorities, schools, teachers and publishers, as well as future studies.