Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T21:56:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IVELIZE.pdf: 492117 bytes, checksum: ea908f265693601743873f7e76c92964 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-02 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / Taking as reference the society in nowadays and understand the read with process result cultural historical, this research had like all goal. Analyze and read in high school junior from of perspective of your pole of production an of reception and specific goal to know how the read of world in high school junior is organized and staged for teachers and understand how the students if appropriated this world of read. The research was development in for public school in Manaus of north and east zone of state and municipal of teach. Participated of research 48 customer Bering 08 teachers Portuguese language and 40 students 8º and 9º years of high school junior and was used with instruments for collection data the interview small structure for the teachers and questionnaire for students. For substantiate this research, appeal the Chartier (1990, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2007), that accost the read as Bering inserted process between the pole of production and the reception of pole. For this author, the editor, the collection, the commentator, the translator, they try of any way command, rules suggest, conditionally that view to stop the read freedom and this way to get licensed read, according to with what was though at production pole. At reception of pole, anther wise, are the reads and yours proctors invented , nobody know, to keep without return freedom that there is this pole. How the scene of our research is the school, we see the teachers at production of pole as the what organize, and choose, select the read to do at schools, and then at pole reception, are the students like that what if appropriate of organize read for teachers. We see the teacher at production os pole was a appropriated of Chartier theory did, in he begin for Corrêa (2001) when investigated the read at university. The some way that this author, too did this association at environment schools and how students if appropriated this read. / Tomando como referência a sociedade atual e entendendo a leitura como resultante de um processo histórico e cultural, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar a leitura no ensino fundamental a partir da perspectiva dos seus polos de produção e de recepção e como objetivos específicos conhecer como o mundo da leitura no ensino fundamental é organizado e encenado pelos professores e compreender como os alunos se apropriam desse mundo da leitura. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em 4 escolas públicas de Manaus das Zonas Norte e Leste da rede estadual e municipal de ensino. Participaram da pesquisa 48 sujeitos sendo 8 professores de Língua Portuguesa e 40 alunos do 8º e 9º ano do ensino fundamental e foram utilizados como instrumentos para coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada para os professores e o questionário para os alunos. Para fundamentar esta pesquisa, recorremos à teoria de Chartier (1990, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2007) que aborda a leitura como sendo um processo inserido na tensão entre o polo da produção e o polo da recepção. Para este teórico, no polo da produção temos o autor, o editor, o tradutor, o comentador, que tentam, de alguma forma, impor, sugerir regras, condicionamentos que visam refrear a liberdade do leitor e, dessa forma, conseguir uma leitura autorizada, de acordo com o que foi pensado no polo da produção. No polo da recepção, por sua vez, estão os leitores e suas práticas inventivas, autônomas, alicerçadas na irredutível liberdade que há neste polo. Como o cenário de nossa pesquisa é a escola, situamos os professores no polo da produção como os que organizam, selecionam, escolhem as leituras para serem realizadas na escola. Já no polo da recepção, estão os alunos como aqueles que se apropriam da leitura organizada pelos professores. Instalar os professores no polo da produção e os alunos no polo da recepção foi uma apropriação da teoria de Chartier feita, inicialmente, por Corrêa (2001) quando investigou a leitura na universidade. Da mesma forma que este autor, também fizemos essa associação no ambiente escolar e inserimos os professores no polo da produção e os alunos no polo da recepção, buscando compreender como os professores organizam a leitura nas escolas e como os alunos se apropriam dessas leituras.

Orientador: Eneias Junior Forlin / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T06:27:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sardeiro_LeandrodeAraujo_M.pdf: 603403 bytes, checksum: 3d1c7910596bd5fd3fdf0b9074cb77b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Desenvolveu-se o problema do conhecimento humano na constituição das Regulae ad directionem ingenii (1619-1628) no que se refere à significação da Mathesis universalis. Pretendeu-se defender uma compreensão da Mathesis universalis enquanto ciência do conhecimento em geral - diversa, portanto, das Mathematicae - mostrando a sua aplicabilidade aos diversos ramos do conhecimento por via da análise das naturezas simples. Defendeu-se que a Mathesis universalis não se esgota em uma teoria geral da quantidade por ser delineada por naturezas simples que não expressam apenas quantidades, mas todos os objetos passíveis de conhecimento, inclusive metafísicos. A universalidade da Mathesis universalis estaria expressa pela sua aplicabilidade indefinida, porque potencialmente presente em toda e qualquer descrição e problematização das naturezas simples. Por essa razão, sustentou-se que as naturezas simples não designam apenas coisas - passíveis de tratamento quantitativo -, mas se referem igualmente a proposições, cujo escopo abrange, entre outras coisas, objetos comuns a diversos saberes. A Mathesis universalis seria uma metaciência, a ocupar-se de metaobjetos. Nesse sentido, recuperou-se a noção de ingenium no intuito de mostrar que, por estar ligada à problemática mais científica das Regulae, tal noção resignara-se a uma epistemologia, sem constituir uma metafísica, fato este que não impediria a posterior aplicação da Mathesis universalis àquele campo do saber. Toda essa discussão pressupôs como válida a apresentação material do manuscrito de Hannover, encontrado por Foucher de Careil na primeira metade do século XIX, que apresenta a discussão acerca da Mathesis universalis desenvolvida na regra IV na forma de apêndice, o que nos fez levantar o questionamento acerca da "significação" da Mathesis universalis. / Abstract: We have dealt with the problem of human knowledge in the constitution of the Regulae ad directionem ingenii (1619-1628), as it is concerned with the signification of the Mathesis universalis. We intended to defend a comprehension of the Mathesis universalis as science of knowledge in general - different, therefore, from the Mathematicae - by showing its applicability in the diverse fields of knowledge through the analysis of the simple natures. Thus, we claim that the Mathesis universalis is not fully apprehended when it is conceived of as a general theory of quantity, for it is determined by simple natures, which do not only express quantities, but all knowledgeable objects, including the metaphysical ones. The universality of the Mathesis universalis would then be expressed in its indefinite applicability, for it is potentially present in each and every description and problematization of the simple natures. That is why, for example, we claim that the simple natures do not only express things which are dealt with quantitatively, but equally refer to propositions, in whose scope we find, among others, objects that are common to a wide range of forms of knowledge. The Mathesis universalis would then be a metascience, one that should deal with metaobjects. Thus, we have brought forth the notion of ingenium so as to show that, since it was then connected to the Regulae's more scientifical problematics, it then resignated itself to an epistemology that did not go so far as to constitute a metaphysics; what, however, would not constitute impediment to a future application of the Mathesis universalis to that field of knowledge, to wit, metaphysics. All of this discussion presupposes as valid the material presentation of the Hannover manuscript of the Regulae, found by Foucher de Careil in the first half of the XIX century, which relegates the discussion related to the mathesis universalis developed in rule IV to an appendix - what made us raise this questioning concerning the "signification" of the Mathesis universalis. / Mestrado / Mestre em Filosofia

Orientador: Rubem Murilo Leão Rego / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T17:57:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PachecoJunior_Isarel_M.pdf: 1017005 bytes, checksum: 70a7387967df8762a0fe984e68497009 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O presente trabalho trata particularmente de duas questões que consideramos centrais no pensamento de Caio Prado Júnior. Por um lado a categoria sentido da colonização e a apresentação que o autor faz desta em sua obra, assim como os fundamentos que norteariam a superação deste sentido, ou seja, a teoria acerca da revolução brasileira. Procuramos apontar como o autor trabalha a categoria no conjunto de seus livros com um viés mais historiográfico, e as considerações que a literatura especializada faz da mesma. Além disso, buscamos apresentar como a categoria é norteadora de toda sua interpretação sobre o Brasil contemporâneo porque conforma, para o autor, os desdobramentos das diversas relações sociais e culturais do país. Em relação aos aspectos acerca da revolução brasileira apontamos os precedentes históricos, que contribuíram com a consolidação dos elementos necessários à transformação das estruturas do país, de um ponto de vista econômico, político e social e como Caio Prado interpreta esta conjuntura e sugere uma especificidade dentro do campo econômico e político para superar o sentido do negócio, ou da colonização, presente nas relações sociais de produção no Brasil. Retomamos as principais questões teóricas que norteou o debate com o PCB e a posição do autor em relação aos fundamentos da teoria da revolução brasileira / Abstract: The present work aims particularly two very important questions in Caio Prado Jr. thought. On the one hand the colonization meaning category and the presentation made by the author, as well as the fundaments that guide this meaning overcoming, in other words the Brazilian revolution theory. We hope to point out how the author works with the category in his books, taking in account a historiographical way and the considerations made by specialized literature. Furthermore, indicate how the category is the guidance of all his interpretation about Brazil, conforming to the author the different social and cultural outspread relationship in the country. In relation to the Brazilian revolution aspects we point out the author vision historic precedents that contributes with the consolidation of some necessary elements to the country structure transformation from a political, social and economic point of view and how Caio Prado understands this conjuncture and suggests a specificity inside the economic field in order to overcomes the business meaning, or colonization, presented in the Brazilian social production relation. We hope to recapture the main theoretical questions that guided the debate with PCB and the author position in relation to the Brazilian fundaments theoretical revolution / Mestrado / Sociologia / Mestre em Sociologia

Orientador: Celia Maria de Castro Almeida / Acompanha partitura em anexo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T17:12:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guimaraes_MarciaAparecidaBaldin_D.pdf: 15467080 bytes, checksum: 75673cdf37674ed9c4a7d66b810cafe7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Doutorado

Abstract Titel: The Introduction of English at the Junior level of the Swedish 9-Year Comprehensive Compulsory School: A study of perceived knowledge in relation to motivation conducted among 3rdgrade students. Författare: Andersson, Rolf Engelska C, 2011 Antal sidor: 26 Abstract: This paper focuses on perceived knowledge of students at the junior level of the comprehensive compulsory 9-year school, as this has an impact on their motivation to study the language. The national curriculum of 2011 assumes that English is introduced at an early stage, during the junior level. The purpose of this paper is to examine how students who start English in the first grade, according to the recommendations of the curriculum, relate to the subject. The paper contains a bibliography section, where I present language research concerning foreign language introduction, language acquisition and motivation, followed by a presentation of a historical view on second language learning in Sweden, and then an investigation conducted by a questionnaire. The purpose of the investigation is to measure the students’ perceived knowledge of English, as this affects their motivation. The investigation is limited to two third grade classes in a junior level school in a rural, scarcely populated municipality in the south-west of Sweden. All in all 40 students took part in the study. The aim of the paper is to answer the following question: How do the pupils regard their own achievements in English? The students have a general ability to evaluate their personal achievements and knowledge subjectively. They seem quite confident about their listening and speaking skills. The most difficult language segment, writing, where the language skills and requirements are most clearly defined, is the language area where the students feel that their ability is weaker. All students, with one exception, agree that language studies are important for them. What the study also shows is the variety of languages that students wish to study, i.e. Chinese and Japanese together with Spanish, Greek and sign languages show how the 9-year-old students are aware of the world around them. The reason why this investigation has been conducted is to investigate the students’ perceived knowledge as this has an impact on their motivation to study the language. Nyckelord : Early English introduction, English at the junior level, perceived knowledge, motivation.

Despite significant growth in research examining the effects of mindfulness interventions on teachers (Roeser, 2014), studies have mainly relied on self-reports of teacher mindfulness and have not examined observable behavioral manifestations of teacher mindfulness in the classroom. Due to possible biases in self-report measures (Dotterer & Lowe, 2011), as well as the need for a greater range of assessments of the effects of mindfulness trainings on teachers, the current study sought to create a new measure of teacher mindfulness in the classroom from three sources of information: teacher self-reports of their own behavior in the classroom, student perceptions of their teachers' behavior, and third-person observations of teacher behavior in the classroom. Another aim of this study was to demonstrate the concurrent validity of these new measures with teacher dispositional mindfulness and job stress. It was hypothesized that the newly created measures of teacher mindfulness in the classroom would be internally reliable, share modest inter-correlations across data sources, and would significantly correlate with hypothesized antecedents such as teachers' dispositional mindfulness and ratings of job stress. CFA, correlation, and regression analyses found good internal consistencies for each informant source of teacher calmness, clarity, and kindness; partial support for the convergent validity of each informant source; and partial concurrent validity only for teacher reports of mindfulness in the classroom with teachers' dispositional mindfulness and job stress. Evidence of method effects was suggested from these analyses. The future use, re-configuration, and implications of this suite of measures are discussed.

In this qualitative case study, I investigated eighth-grade honors students’ and their language arts teacher’s perceptions of the support provided in writing groups, the climate in writing groups, and student and teacher support that enhanced students’ motivation to write in writing groups. Eleven study participants engaged in the inquiry, 10 middle school students and one language arts teacher. I collected data during the fall semester of 2014. Data were individual interviews, classroom observations of participants in writing groups, and program-related documents. The main aim in this investigation is to discover middle school students’ and their teacher’s perceptions of the support, climate, and motivation to write in writing groups. Five domains emerged from the data: peers working together on writing, teacher facilitation with writing, student perceptions of climate, teacher perceptions of climate, and creating a community of learners. Peers working together on writing and teacher facilitation with writing correspond to research question one: In what ways do 10 language arts middle school students and their language arts teacher support students’ writing efforts in writing groups over the course of a semester? Student perceptions of climate and teacher perceptions of climate correspond to research question two: In what ways do the language arts middle school students describe the writing climate in their writing groups over the course of a semester? Creating a community of learners corresponds to research question three: What type of teacher and student support do the language arts middle school students and their teacher think may enhance students’ motivation to write in writing groups? Discoveries show student participants believed working together on writing supported their personal writing and their teacher perceived teacher facilitation supported students’ writing efforts. Perceptions of climate in writing groups were mixed, with the majority of students describing the climate as supportive, although two students did not agreed. The teacher perceived a supportive climate in writing groups. Perceptions were also mixed regarding the support students and their teacher provided that enhanced students’ motivation to write in writing groups. Eight out of 10 students and the teacher perceived collaborative writing enhanced student motivation to write, while two students did not perceive collaboration had any effect on their writing motivation. The student participants believed peer assistance helped to enhance their motivation to write in writing groups while the teacher believed student choice in group mates might enhance student motivation to write. Writing groups may affect students’ and their teacher’s perceptions of students’ writing efforts, as working together on writing led to more positive perceptions. A lack of choice in groups and working with peers with established friendships may have implications for students’ perceptions of the group climate and motivation to write, especially when some students are allowed to choose their group and others are not. Students’ perceptions of the writing group climate play a role in their writing efforts, as students who held positive perceptions of their writing group climate had positive perceptions of the support in writing groups. Working with peers as a community is important to student motivation, as the collaborative aspect can serve as a motivator for many adolescents. This study is significant because it fills gaps in the literature about research on writing and group social environments, as well as middle level research on writing groups, and motivation, and the inclusion of student and teacher voice. This inquiry also provides teacher and student insights on the ways affective climates are created in a middle school language arts setting.

Cette thèse s’intéresse aux processus de construction des inégalités scolaires dans la discipline d’enseignement des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (SVT), généralement moins soupçonnée que d’autres d’y participer. Elle s’appuie sur les travaux de didactique qui postulent que les savoirs scientifiques proposés en classe doivent être fondés en raison pour mettre au jour la façon dont les formes disciplinaires des SVT, rencontrées par les élèves en 6ème, peuvent participer à produire passivement et activement des apprentissages inégaux et ainsi, conduire les élèves à produire des consciences disciplinaires de pertinence inégale. Une analyse qualitative de textes officiels et de manuels de SVT depuis 1958 permet de mettre au jour les évolutions de la forme disciplinaire à enseigner. Cette dernière s’adresse aujourd’hui à un élève autonome qui doit construire, par lui-même, des savoirs permettant de comprendre des phénomènes biologiques. Ces évolutions rendent l’accès aux savoirs scientifiques difficile pour les élèves qui n’ont que l’école pour y parvenir. Cette approche socio-historique est complétée par une étude synchronique visant à comparer les formes disciplinaires enseignées dans des établissements socialement contrastés. Elles sont analysées quantitativement à partir de la trace qu’elles laissent dans les cahiers des élèves. Selon les contextes, les formes ne sollicitent pas les mêmes types de savoirs, d’opérations de pensée et d’écrits. Ces sollicitations différentielles semblent ainsi participer activement à l’inégale appréhension par les élèves des spécificités de la discipline SVT. / This thesis deals with the processes leading to the development of inequalities at school in the teaching of life sciences, subject often thought not to be relevant on this point. It accounts for studies taking place within the theoretical framework of the problematization, stating that scientific knowledge in the classroom should be based on reason in order to expose how the forms of life sciences as a subject might generate, actively and passively, teaching inequalities. These, in turn, would lead the pupils to develop unequally suited disciplinary awareness. The qualitative analysis of life sciences textbooks and curricula since 1958 shows the evolutions of the subject, and how, today, pupils have to acquire by themselves knowledge essential to the understanding of biological phenomena. These evolutions impede the pupils relying only on school for the construction of their scientific knowledge. This socio-historical approach is completed with a synchronic study aiming at comparing forms of the subjects taught in socially diverse schools. Their quantitative analysis is based on content from the pupils’ notebooks. Depending on the context, forms of the subject don’t solicit and trigger the same knowledge, thinking and writing skills. These differences thus seem to actively contribute to the discrepancies on how pupils apprehend the specificities of life sciences.

This survey study utilized two self-report questionnaires for the purpose of clarifying the interdependent relationship among the following variables: (a) the academic aspirations of junior and senior secondary school students (b) their knowledge about British Columbia public college and university general academic admission criteria, (c) the geographical location of the students (urban or rural). Over all, the students who participated in the study showed high academic aspirations, but little awareness of the nature of post-secondary admissions policies. Few students were fully aware of the open admissions policies of their local community colleges and most students incorrectly identified most of the non-academic items (such as attitude and fitting in socially) as being important for admission. Students with post-secondary academic aspirations and urban students were more aware of the academic expectations of their local universities and colleges. Among males, grade nines, and students not planning to attend college or university, rural students were less knowledgable than urban students about post-secondary admission criteria. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the comprehensive school reform model core knowledge on the reading achievement of eighth grade students located in a suburban north Texas school district. The data compared the mean scores on the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills of students attending the experimental core knowledge school with the control school that did not use the core knowledge curriculum. Students from both schools were compared for student achievement gains overall as well as several other categories. The study also used a qualitative survey that asked key faculty members at both schools questions regarding levels of curriculum implementation, staff knowledge of curriculum, etc. The data showed no significant differences between student achievement scores at the experimental school compared with students at the control school. However, the study found that the type of standardized test seems to have an impact on whether students in a core knowledge curriculum show higher achievement than students in a traditional curriculum. Students in a core knowledge curriculum show higher achievement on norm-referenced standardized tests when compared with students not attending a core knowledge school. When taking a criterion-referenced test such as the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills, there is no difference in reading achievement between the two groups.