Objetivo:Avaliar a longevidade de restaurações adesivas diretas em dentes decíduos submetidos à remoção parcial de tecido cariado (RPTC) e os possíveis fatores associados com o insucesso, tentando aproximar os resultados à vida clínica diária. Métodos: Estudo observacional analítico retrospectivo que incluiu 284 restaurações adesivas diretas em dentes decíduos posteriores e anteriores confeccionadas após RPTC em 88 crianças com alta experiência de cárie. Os dentes foram acompanhados clínica e radiograficamente através da informação registrada nos prontuários clínicos dos pacientes. Adicionalmente, foram investigados os fatores potencialmente associados com o insucesso do tratamento, tais como idade, gênero, tipo de dente, número de faces restauradas, material capeador e restaurador utilizado e índice de placa visível (IPV) e de sangramento gengival (ISG). O estimador Kaplan-Meiere o teste de Log-Rank foram utilizados para analisar a longevidade das restaurações e o modelo de regressão multivariado de Cox com fragilidade compartilhada, para avaliar os fatores que poderiam estar relacionados com a falha do tratamento (p<0,05). Resultados: A taxa de sucesso clínico e radiográfico da amostra foi de 76% e obteve-se uma taxa de falha anual (AFR) de 20% na análise até 36 meses. O IPV (p=0,014) e o tipo de dente, anterior ou posterior (p<0,001) mostraram influência significativa no insucesso das restaurações. Conclusão: restaurações adesivas realizadas após RPTC na dentição decíduae em um ambiente que simula a vida clínica diária demonstrambons resultados, principalmente em dentes posteriores. Porém, o acúmulo de biofilme sobre as superfícies dentárias afeta a longevidade das mesmas. / Objective: to assess the longevity of direct adhesive restorations undergoing partial caries removal (PCR) in primary teeth and associated factors for failure, approaching the results to a daily clinical life. Methods: Retrospective analytical observational study which included 284 posterior and anterior primary teeth direct adhesive restorations that had been treated with PCR of 88 children with high caries experience. The teeth had clinical and radiographic follow-up through the information registered in the clinical records of the patients.In addition, factors potentially associated with treatment failure were investigated, such as age, gender, type of tooth involved, number of surfaces restored, type of capping material and restorative material used, visible plaque (VPI) and gingival bleeding indexes (GBI). Kaplan-Meier estimate and Log-Rank test were used to analyze the longevity of restorations and multivariate Cox´s regression model with shared frailty to evaluate the factors that could be related to treatment failure (p<0.05). Results: A clinical and radiographic success rate of the sample was 76% and an annual failure rate was estimated in 20% over 36 months. Only visible plaque index (p=0.014) and type of teeth, anterior or posterior (p<0.001) had a significant influence on the restorative failure. Conclusion:Adhesive restorations undergoing PCR in primary teeth in an environment that simulates a daily clinical life demonstrate good results, particularly in posterior teeth. However, the biofilm accumulation on the dental surfaces affects the longevity of them.

Récusant à la fois les déterminismes naturels et les représentations d’un ordre politique ou moral, l’œuvre de Gary est marquée par une aspiration au dépassement des limites et par une posture de résistance. Face à la haine ou à la barbarie, elle défend les vertus de la dérision et le pouvoir de l’imaginaire et s’engage dans une double démarche de mise à distance et de réenchantement du monde. Nourrie par le traumatisme de la seconde Guerre Mondiale, elle soutient l’idée que l’humain est à réinventer, qu’il n’est pas une donnée préalable mais un fiction à construire, un idéal à atteindre. Artistes et créateurs se doivent donc de contribuer à l’invention d’une nouvelle mythologie de l’homme qui vienne réaffirmer un principe inaliénable de dignité et qui instille dans l’esprit de chacun la force de ne pas désespérer. Mais l’humanisme n’est pas seulement une valeur abstraite ou un horizon à conquérir : il met aussi en question une façon d’être au monde dans le présent. Il s’agit de se prémunir de ce que la réalité peut avoir d’envahissant et de dogmatique en privilégiant des « marges » où l’humain se trouve reconnu dans ses paradoxes et sa fragilité. Loin de l’idéalisme prophétique, ces refuges deviennent un espace propice à l’expression de l’intime et permettent à la fois de se dérober au regard de l’autre et d’échapper à l’injonction des discours de vérité. Façonnés autour des valeurs de l’affectif, ils incitent chacun à se rendre sensible à l’humanité latente du monde. Ils viennent rappeler que, face aux certitudes inflexibles et au principe aliénant de transparence, l’approximation et le mystère ouvrent des espaces de liberté et conditionnent bien souvent la possibilité d’être heureux. / Challenging both apparent determinism and political or moral representations, Gary's work is defined by its predilection for off limit situations and contentious attitudes. Confronted with hatred or barbarism, it will always stand for irony and the power of creativity, involved both in the process of getting detached as well as enrapturing the world anew. Fed on the World War II trauma, it sustains the concept of humanness needing reinvention, not being a set notion but a fiction to be built, an ideal to achieve. Artists and creators owe their contribution to such foundation of a new human mythology upholding the unalienable principle of dignity, thus implanting everyone's spirit with the strength to resist despair. However, humanism cannot be seen just as an abstracted value or some shore to reach, it also implies the actual manner of living in the world. One has to keep clear from whatever overwhelming dogmas reality can impose, by favoring “margins” that will accept human contradictions and frailty. Away from any prophetic idealism, these dedicated spaces become shelters for intimate expression, allowing one to avoid onlookers and escape compelling truth assessments. Shaped around affective values, they bring one to become sensitive to a potential world humanity. Against rigid certitudes and the alienating principle of transparency, they help remember that approximation and mystery can give access to freedom and oftentimes condition the possibility of happiness.

Objetivo:Avaliar a longevidade de restaurações adesivas diretas em dentes decíduos submetidos à remoção parcial de tecido cariado (RPTC) e os possíveis fatores associados com o insucesso, tentando aproximar os resultados à vida clínica diária. Métodos: Estudo observacional analítico retrospectivo que incluiu 284 restaurações adesivas diretas em dentes decíduos posteriores e anteriores confeccionadas após RPTC em 88 crianças com alta experiência de cárie. Os dentes foram acompanhados clínica e radiograficamente através da informação registrada nos prontuários clínicos dos pacientes. Adicionalmente, foram investigados os fatores potencialmente associados com o insucesso do tratamento, tais como idade, gênero, tipo de dente, número de faces restauradas, material capeador e restaurador utilizado e índice de placa visível (IPV) e de sangramento gengival (ISG). O estimador Kaplan-Meiere o teste de Log-Rank foram utilizados para analisar a longevidade das restaurações e o modelo de regressão multivariado de Cox com fragilidade compartilhada, para avaliar os fatores que poderiam estar relacionados com a falha do tratamento (p<0,05). Resultados: A taxa de sucesso clínico e radiográfico da amostra foi de 76% e obteve-se uma taxa de falha anual (AFR) de 20% na análise até 36 meses. O IPV (p=0,014) e o tipo de dente, anterior ou posterior (p<0,001) mostraram influência significativa no insucesso das restaurações. Conclusão: restaurações adesivas realizadas após RPTC na dentição decíduae em um ambiente que simula a vida clínica diária demonstrambons resultados, principalmente em dentes posteriores. Porém, o acúmulo de biofilme sobre as superfícies dentárias afeta a longevidade das mesmas. / Objective: to assess the longevity of direct adhesive restorations undergoing partial caries removal (PCR) in primary teeth and associated factors for failure, approaching the results to a daily clinical life. Methods: Retrospective analytical observational study which included 284 posterior and anterior primary teeth direct adhesive restorations that had been treated with PCR of 88 children with high caries experience. The teeth had clinical and radiographic follow-up through the information registered in the clinical records of the patients.In addition, factors potentially associated with treatment failure were investigated, such as age, gender, type of tooth involved, number of surfaces restored, type of capping material and restorative material used, visible plaque (VPI) and gingival bleeding indexes (GBI). Kaplan-Meier estimate and Log-Rank test were used to analyze the longevity of restorations and multivariate Cox´s regression model with shared frailty to evaluate the factors that could be related to treatment failure (p<0.05). Results: A clinical and radiographic success rate of the sample was 76% and an annual failure rate was estimated in 20% over 36 months. Only visible plaque index (p=0.014) and type of teeth, anterior or posterior (p<0.001) had a significant influence on the restorative failure. Conclusion:Adhesive restorations undergoing PCR in primary teeth in an environment that simulates a daily clinical life demonstrate good results, particularly in posterior teeth. However, the biofilm accumulation on the dental surfaces affects the longevity of them.

自1988年開始中華民國政府推動「整廠輸出推動輔導」專案至今，針對台灣整廠輸出產業之輔導創造中小型整廠輸出之商機逐年增加。 為因應產業外移所造成產業空洞化之危機，除政府極積推動之「企業營運總部」政策外，輔導廠商進行產業轉型，以填補台商製造業全球佈局所造成的產業空洞，即更具有積極開創之意義。鑑於二十一世紀本是強調創新，以「知識服務」為競爭核心的時代，「知識」己成為生產力提昇與經濟成長的主要驅動力，故台灣產業之轉型，即無法忽視此種以知識資本為主要生產要素，透過持續不斷的創新，並善用資訊科技力量以提昇產品附加價值之「知識經濟」型態之影響。 而以往台灣之產業政策一向集中於製造業，並未重視服務業之發展，因之，政府於輔導廠商產業轉型時，即順應知識經濟時代之潮流，妥善利用台灣是世界重要的資本輸出國、台商海外資產總值名列前茅、台商擁有全球接單、各地製造的運籌能力等優越條件，以發展「高附加價值」的「知識型」服務業為重點。 鑑於「整廠設備輸出」的概念即為發展「高附加價值」的「知識型製造業」。其牽涉眾多環節及技術，個別廠商多無法獨立克服，故為企業之整廠輸出行為提供整體解決方案之整廠輸出技術服務業，因具有以專門知識為基礎，提供「高附加價」的「知識型」服務之特性，應值得政府部門重視。此外，倘業者能將其技術服務(不以傳統之機器設備整廠輸出技術服務為限，尚可包括工程技術服務業(Engineering Service Industry)、農業技術服務業(Agricultural Service Industry)，予以整體包裝，賦予品牌，並將其以整體國際行銷之技術服務商品型態對外輸出，應亦屬「整廠輸出」之一環(按傳統意義所稱之「整廠輸出」向以機器設備之硬體為主，以技術服務之軟體為輔，而技術服務之整廠輸出，係以技術服務為核心，而以硬體之機器設備為輔)，是值得政府部門重視。 按整廠設備輸出係一項整合性的產業活動，需要整合工程顧問、工程設計、進出口貿易、機械設備製造供應、技術服務、營建工程、市場行銷、融資服務等多面向之工作項目及問題，且不論企業之整廠輸出活動，對企業之整廠輸出行為提供整體國際行銷之整廠輸出技術服務業，或以技術服務為商品之技術服務型整廠輸出業，均與整廠設備輸出之產業活動相關。 準此，本研究擬以「整廠輸出」之產業活動現況為基礎，探討企業之整廠輸出活動，整廠輸出技術服務業，或以技術服務為商品之技術服務型整廠輸出之經營現況，及整廠輸出業者在大陸地區之營運情況及目前所遇到之事實或法令之障礙、期望中華民國政府可以提供之扶助獎勵措施等等事項，進行瞭解並提出檢討，以期對未來整廠設備輸出產業之發展策略，提供參考之興革建議，並做為中華民國政府主管機關推動「整廠輸出輔導專案計畫」之佐證。 / The Current Analysis and Future Strategies on Taiwan’s Turnkey-plant Export Industry Taiwan government has promoted and assisted “Turnkey-plant Export” project for the island’s small- and medium-scale enterprises since 1988. Since then, this assistance has created many turnkey-plant-export opportunities for small- and medium-scale enterprises. In addition, these opportunities have also increased year by year. In order to cut down production costs, many Taiwan manufacturers have moved their plants overseas, and some of the industries are empties around the island. Therefore, Taiwan government has promoted the policy of “enterprise’ operating centers”, and has assisted manufacturers to transfer their traditional industries to high-tech ones. This could cover the empties after Taiwan manufacturers’ global manufacturing policy. The 21 Century emphasizes innovation, and core competition is based on knowledge services. Knowledge has become the driving force for upgrading productivity and economic growth. Taiwan’s enterprises can’t neglect knowledge capital is the major factor for manufacturing and production. Through continuous innovation and the use of information technologies to upgrade the value added products. This is knowledge economy. Previously, Taiwan’s industry policy has centered on manufacturing, and hasn’t emphasized on the development of service industries. Therefore, when government assists manufacturing industries to transfer their lines, must follow the trend of knowledge economy. Taiwan is one among the world’s capital-export countries. Taiwan enterprises’ offshore production values have ranked the top. In addition, they accept purchase orders around the world, and have global manufacturing sites. These are the important factors to develop high-value added and knowledge-type service industries. The turnkey-plant-export concept is to develop high-value-added and knowledge-type manufacturing. This export provides the total solution, and is technology service business. It needs special knowledge for the base to provide high-value-added and knowledge-type technologies for the character of service business. The government should aware the importance of these knowledge and technology. In addition to traditional technology serviced for the traditional turnkey-plant exports, if enterprises could add more and advanced technology services such as engineering service industry and agricultural service industry. Enterprises could have turkey-plant exports as a package and a brand name and using international marketing and sales for the exports. This will be the new turnkey-plant export. The traditional turnkey-plant exports are focus on the exports of hardware (production equipment), and the technology services are the minor. On the other hand, the government should aware that. the technology-service turnkey-plant exports are focus on technology services, and production equipment is the second. The turnkey-plant exports are integrated industry. It should integrate engineering consultations and designs, import and export trading, equipment and facilities manufacturing and supply, technology services, construction engineering, marketing and sales, financial loans. The turnkey-plant exports, international marketing and sales as well as technology services, or based on technology services for turnkey-plant exports are related to turnkey-plant exports. Therefore, this research will base on the turnkey-plant-export industry to discuss enterprises’ turnkey-plant exports; the turnkey-plant exports technology services; the activities of based on technology services for turnkey-plant exports; and turnkey-plant-export enterprises’ activities in mainland China and law and other barriers there. The expected assistances and encourages from the government to proceed understanding and discussion. Hope this research will provide suggestions for the reference for the strategy development for future turnkey-plant exports. In addition, this could for the reference for the government to promote “turnkey-plant exports special plan.”

L'intégration tridimensionnels (3D) ont été couronnés de succès dans les dispositifs traditionnels pour augmenter la densité logique et réduire les distances de mouvement des données. Il résout les limites fondamentales de la mise à l'échelle, par ex. retard croissant dans les interconnexions, les coûts de développement et la variabilité. La plupart des périphériques de mémoire livrés aujourd'hui comportent une forme d'empilage de puce. Mais en raison des limites de dissipation de puissance des circuits intégrés, la fréquence de fonctionnement du MPU d'aujourd'hui a été limitée à quelques GHz. Le but de la thèse est de fournir une méthode de conception globale pour le circuit intégré 3D dans le domaine électrique, thermique, électrothermique et aussi le bruit. À cette fin, la question de recherche est la suivante: Comment réaliser la conception 3D IC, comment gérer VLS 3D IC et comment résoudre les problèmes thermiques dans le CI 3D. Dans ce contexte, les méthodes de simulation pour le substrat et également la connectivité relative (TSV, RDL, Micro strip et circuits intégrés dans le substrat) sont proposées. Afin de satisfaire la demande de recherche, un 3D-TLE et une impédance de substrat sont programmés dans Matlab, qui peut automatiquement extraire de tous les contacts; impédance, de forme arbitraire et de matière arbitraire. L'extracteur est compatible à 100% avec le simulateur de cœur SPICE et vérifié avec les résultats de mesure et les résultats de simulation FEM. Et comme pour une démo, une fréquence de 26 GHz et un filtre RF de bande passante 2GHz sont proposés dans ce travail. Un autre simulateur électrothermique est également programmé et vérifié avec ADS. En tant que solution à la dissipation thermique locale, le caloduc plat est proposé comme composant potentiel. Le modèle caloduc est vérifié avec une simulation FEM. La méthode d'analyse du bruit des substrats et les méthodes de calcul de électriques et thermo-mécanique KOZ sont également présentées. / Three Dimensional (3D) Integration and Packaging has been successful in mainstream devices to increase logic density and to reduce data movement distances. It solves the fundamental limits of scaling e.g. increasing delay in interconnections, development costs and variability. Most memory devices shipped today have some form of chip-stacking involved. But because of the power dissipation limits of ICs, today’s MPU’s operating frequency has been limited to a few GHz. The aim of the thesis is to provide a global design method for the 3D integrated circuit in electrical, thermal, electro-thermal and also noise field. To this end, the research question is as follows: How to realize the 3D IC design, how to manage VLS 3D IC and how to solve the thermal issues in the 3D IC. In this context, the simulation methods for substrate and also relative connectivity (TSV, RDL, Micro strip and circuits embedded into the substrate) are proposed. In order to satisfy the research demand, a 3D-TLE and a substrate impedance are programmed in Matlab, which can automatically extract from any contacts; impedance, of arbitrary shape and arbitrary material. The extractor is 100% compatible with SPICE core simulator, and verified with measurement results and FEM simulation results. And as for a demo, a 26 GHz frequency and 2GHz bandwidth RF filter is propose in this work. Another electro-thermal simulator is also programmed and verified with ADS. As a solution to the local heat dissipation, flat heat pipe (FHP) is proposed as a prospective component. The heat-pipe model is verified with FEM simulation. The substrates noise analysis method and electrical and thermos-mechanical keep-out-of-zone (KOZ) calculation methods are also presented.

This study addresses the fatigue life of the head–to–skirt welds of tall distillation columns. Fatigue tests were done on two types of weld geometries which approximate the head–toskirt configurations. From the fatigue tests it was determined that the fatigue life of the experimental samples can be substantially improved by applying weld build–up between the head and the skirt. The expected fatigue life of the test samples was determined by way of calculation employing the so called Nominal–Stress–Approach, the Effective–Notch–Stress–Approach and the Stress–Life–Approach. For both the Nominal–Stress–Approach and the Effective–Notch–Stress–Approach the predicted fatigue life was found to be overly conservative compared to the experimental results. The Stress–Life–Approach predicted the fatigue life to within a factor of 1.3 for both the geometries under investigation when displacements due to welding are taken into account. If displacements due to welding is omitted this factor is increased, for the geometry without weld build–up, to 2. For the geometry with weld build–up the factor remains 1.3. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

This study addresses the fatigue life of the head–to–skirt welds of tall distillation columns. Fatigue tests were done on two types of weld geometries which approximate the head–toskirt configurations. From the fatigue tests it was determined that the fatigue life of the experimental samples can be substantially improved by applying weld build–up between the head and the skirt. The expected fatigue life of the test samples was determined by way of calculation employing the so called Nominal–Stress–Approach, the Effective–Notch–Stress–Approach and the Stress–Life–Approach. For both the Nominal–Stress–Approach and the Effective–Notch–Stress–Approach the predicted fatigue life was found to be overly conservative compared to the experimental results. The Stress–Life–Approach predicted the fatigue life to within a factor of 1.3 for both the geometries under investigation when displacements due to welding are taken into account. If displacements due to welding is omitted this factor is increased, for the geometry without weld build–up, to 2. For the geometry with weld build–up the factor remains 1.3. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The following is a collection of original poetry. The manuscript consists of an introduction explaining influences and style, and four chapters of poems categorized by subject matter: object/nature, writing/creativity, relationships, and family/figures. INDEX WORDS: Poetry, Poem

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The purpose of this study was to identify urban heat island locations within Center Township, Indiana and to develop a model to determine areas of high social vulnerability. In addition, an urban heat island mitigation strategy was developed for socially vulnerable and highest temperature locations. Land surface temperature was estimated using Landsat ETM+ satellite imagery. Social vulnerability was estimated using principal components analysis and spatial analysis methods such as kernel density functions. These methods incorporate various socioeconomic variables, land surface temperature, and tree canopy cover. Tree canopy cover was extracted using Quickbird imagery among other techniques. Areas with high social vulnerability, high temperature and low tree canopy cover were analyzed and plantable spaces were assessed. The findings of this study will be shared with Keep Indianapolis Beautiful, Inc. so that they can inform their tree planting campaigns that seek to reduce the effects of urban heat islands on socially vulnerable populations.

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009 / O objetivo desta dissertação consiste em investigar o processo de construção da identidade profissional de médicos que se dedicam à assistência a pacientes que apresentam doenças progressivas e ameaçadoras da continuidade existencial e que têm contribuído para o desenvolvimento dos Cuidados Paliativos no Brasil. Buscamos conhecer a trajetória profissional destes médicos desde a escolha da medicina como profissão até o encontro com a filosofia e a prática dos Cuidados Paliativos. Com este intuito, realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas,colhidas segundo a metodologia de História Oral de Vida. Foram entrevistados seis médicos de diferentes especialidades que ocupam cargos diretivos em uma das associações profissionais voltadas para a disseminação e legitimação política e social dos Cuidados Paliativos no Brasil. Os depoentes se destacam no cenário nacional no que diz respeito às discussões sobre esta temática e mantêm contato com importantes instituições internacionais. Por esta razão, chamamos o conjunto de entrevistados de elite médica paliativista. Percebemos uma pobre interlocução entre os médicos paliativistas, o que se reflete na ausência de uma identidade integrada desse grupo profissional. Os entrevistados acentuaram as competências humanitárias necessárias ao bom exercício da Medicina Paliativa, mas, no entanto, não foram explicitadas as competências específicas a este campo profissional, que justificariam seu reconhecimento pelas entidades médicas competentes comouma nova área de atuação ou especialidade.