Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006 - Enderson Petronio de Brito Ferreira.pdf: 2428366 bytes, checksum: b88b8d0ac0900dd9926cfea6e5e829c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-22 / Potato cropping shows great social and economical importance and, it is responsible by a very expressive part of the labor force of agricultural workers, besides being the forth product used as human food. Comercial potato cultivars show a great variety of characteristics related to maturation stage, accumulated dry matter content and disease resistance, which could be associated to specific microbial populations that colonize plant tissues, its surface or even the rhizospheric soil. An experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions in which 5 potato cultivars: Achat, Bintje, ?gata, Monalisa and Asterix were cultivated in pots filled with soil from an Agroecologial Integrated Production System (RJ, Brazil) aiming to determine the shifts on the rDNA profiles of bacterial communities associated to the cultivar rhizoplanes. It were performed 3 harvests at 15, 30 and 60 Days After Sowing (DAS). The analyses of the bacterial community associated to the potato rhizoplane were performed by PCR-DGGE method, using the gene 16S rRNA as molecular marker. The results showed that the variation of rhizoplane bacterial community was due to both, cultivar and plant age. Differences on the bacterial community associated to each cultivars seem to be a result from intrinsic physiological characteristics of the cultivar. Remarkable differences among rhizoplane bacterial community were found at the earliest plant age, tending to decrease at the later stages. / A agricultura mundial tem passado por grandes transforma??es ao longo dos anos em fun??o da necessidade de produzir quantidades crescentes de alimento, suprir as defici?ncias nutricionais e/ou condi??es de cultivo dos solos agr?colas, necessidade de agregar maior produtividade ?s cultivares, livrar as culturas de pragas e doen?as e promover maior sustentabilidade ? atividade agr?cola. As mudan?as ocorridas nas pr?ticas agr?colas t?m levado a uma queda na qualidade do solo e em mudan?as na comunidade microbiana do solo cuja manipula??o, atrav?s de pr?ticas de manejo do solo e das culturas, ? uma estrat?gia b?sica para o desenvolvimento da sustentabilidade dos sistemas agr?colas. No entanto, o uso intensivo do solo n?o necessariamente afeta negativamente algumas propriedades do solo, como biomassa e atividade microbiana, mas suas conseq??ncias dependem principalmente das pr?ticas agr?colas adotadas que alteram a qualidade e a quantidade dos res?duos vegetais adicionados ao sistema ou pelo uso de compostos org?nicos. Por outro, a aplica??o de agrot?xicos, como inseticidas e fungicidas, nem sempre tem recebido a devida aten??o em rela??o aos efeitos sobre a microbiota do solo. Esta tese teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da aplica??o de agrot?xicos e o uso de diferentes cultivares sobre a comunidade bacteriana do solo. O uso de diferentes cultivares de batata mostrou que a estrutura da comunidade bacteriana associada ao rizoplano de diferentes cultivares de batata sofreu mudan?as, tanto entre as cultivares quanto em rela??o ?s ?pocas de coleta, em que as mudan?as observadas nesta comunidade foram fortemente influenciadas pelas caracter?sticas morfo-fisiol?gicas intr?nsecas das cultivares. Foi observada uma diminui??o na discrimina??o entre as comunidades bacterianas associadas ao rizoplano das diferentes cultivares ? medida que as plantas atingiram o final do ciclo. A aplica??o dos inseticidas e fungicidas resultou em uma sucess?o bacteriana pela qual as popula??es bacterianas foram mais homog?neas nas terceira quarta coletas, em compara??o com as 2 primeiras coletas, n?o tendo sido observados efeitos significativos para a aplica??o dos agrot?xicos. Por causa disto, foi observada mudan?as significativa na comunidade bacteriana apenas nas 2 primeiras coletas. O efeito dos inseticidas e fungicidas dentro de cada solo foi muito espec?fico, variando nas primeira e segunda coletas. Entretanto, a comunidade bacteriana do solo de ?rea de produ??o convencional mostrou a maior diferen?a para a comunidade bacteriana do controle. O efeito da aplica??o dos inseticidas na comunidade bacteriana dos diferentes solos foi muito similar, enquanto que o efeito dos fungicidas foi caracter?stico para cada um, provavelmente em fun??o de seus efeitos diretos sobre o grupo dos fungos que apresentam uma rela??o estreita com a comunidade bacteriana do solo. As comunidades bacterianas dos solos do sistema integrado de produ??o agroecol?gica e de ?rea de floresta secund?ria mostraram as menores varia??es em rela??o ? comunidade bacteriana do controle, indicando uma maior resist?ncia ? aplica??o dos agrot?xicos associada a estes solos. Contudo, a comunidade bacteriana do solo de ?rea de floresta secund?ria mostrou maior resist?ncia ? aplica??o dos agrot?xicos do que a comunidade bacteriana do solo do sistema integrado de produ??o agroecol?gica. A t?cnica de PCR-DGGE se mostrou bastante eficiente na determina??o dos efeitos de inseticidas e fungicidas sobre a comunidade bacteriana do solo.

<p>Abstract</p><p>The aim of this survey has been to achieve knowledge about Asperger syndrome. What does</p><p>this require of the pedagogue? How should the physical environment be designed in a</p><p>classroom for pupils with Asperger syndrome?</p><p>With qualitative interviews of one special pedagogue and one teacher in class 1-3, the level</p><p>of knowledge has become better about how pupils with Asperger syndrome cope with</p><p>situations in school, but also how the pedagogue can relate by being flexible and by practising</p><p>one’s occupational role professionally.</p><p>There is not a general method that works. It is the pupil on an individual basis who desides</p><p>her or his needs or their capabilities. As a pedagogue it is always walking a tightrope to find</p><p>the path and the solutions in different conflicts that will arise and support the pupils with</p><p>Asperger syndrome with tools to gain understanding for different social situations in the</p><p>classroom.</p> / <p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Syftet med undersökningen har varit att få kunskap om vad Asperger syndrom är, vilka krav</p><p>det finns på pedagogen och hur en fysisk miljö bör se ut för elever med Asperger syndrom.</p><p>Med kvalitativa intervjuer av en specialpedagog och en lärare i årskurs 1-3 har vetskapen</p><p>blivit större om hur elever med diagnosen Asperger syndrom klarar av situationer i skolan</p><p>men också hur man som pedagog kan förhålla sig, genom att vara flexibel och utöva sin</p><p>yrkesroll professionellt.</p><p>Det finns inte en given metod som fungerar, utan det är eleven som individ som avgör vad</p><p>just hon eller han behöver eller klarar av. Som pedagog är det en evig balansgång att finna</p><p>vägar och lösningar i olika konflikter som uppstår, samt att ge elever med Asperger syndrom</p><p>verktyg för att få förståelse för olika sociala situationer i klassrummet.</p>

<p>Abstract</p><p>The aim of this paper is to, through interviews, examine what opinions teachers connected to "Ung Företagsamhet" (Young Enterprise, UF) have on the work of UF compared to contractual and traditional learning. The reason for this is to find out if UF´s way of working is successful in a world, where the definition of knowledge constantly changes. Through qualitative interviews the views of four UF teachers are scrutinised. The results of the interviews indicate that UF works in a way, which contains both contractual and traditional learning, where both directions complement each other in different stages of the learning process.</p><p>Key words: Contractual learning, pedagogical perspective, Young Enterprise, traditional learning</p> / <p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Uppsatsens syfte är att, genom en intervjuundersökning, klarlägga vilken uppfattning lärare</p><p>inom Ung Företagsamhet (UF) har om UF:s arbetssätt jämfört med traditionell respektive entreprenöriell</p><p>undervisning. Detta för att se om UF:s arbetssätt är bra i en värld där kunskapskraven</p><p>är i ständig förändring. Metoden som valts är att genom kvalitativa intervjuer undersöka</p><p>hur fyra UF-lärare ser på arbetssättet inom UF. Resultatet visar att Ung Företagsamhet</p><p>tillämpar ett arbetssätt med både entreprenöriella och traditionella undervisningsinslag, där</p><p>båda utgör ett komplement till varandra i olika kunskapsstadier.</p>

Syftet med detta arbete är att försöka ta reda på vilka egenskaper som framtidens ledare kommer att behöva inom den kommunala sektorn, men också om det finns eventuella förutsättningar som måste förändras för framtidens ledare. Tio intervjuer genomfördes med personer på ledande positioner inom fyra kommuner i Mellansverige. Utifrån detta sammanställdes intervjumaterialet, och ur detta framkom tre övergripande huvudområden organisation, egenskaper och framtid som sen utmynnade i ett antal ledord. Mot dessa tolkades teorier i ett försök att koppla de till det framtida ledarskapet. Slutsatsen är att det inte finns bara en teori att förhålla sig till, utan det gäller att kunna hantera kontexten och förutsättningarna, och utifrån den kunna anpassa sig. Ett transformativt synsätt kring ledarskap kan vara ett sätt att lyckas i framtiden.

Abstract The aim of this survey has been to achieve knowledge about Asperger syndrome. What does this require of the pedagogue? How should the physical environment be designed in a classroom for pupils with Asperger syndrome? With qualitative interviews of one special pedagogue and one teacher in class 1-3, the level of knowledge has become better about how pupils with Asperger syndrome cope with situations in school, but also how the pedagogue can relate by being flexible and by practising one’s occupational role professionally. There is not a general method that works. It is the pupil on an individual basis who desides her or his needs or their capabilities. As a pedagogue it is always walking a tightrope to find the path and the solutions in different conflicts that will arise and support the pupils with Asperger syndrome with tools to gain understanding for different social situations in the classroom. / Sammanfattning Syftet med undersökningen har varit att få kunskap om vad Asperger syndrom är, vilka krav det finns på pedagogen och hur en fysisk miljö bör se ut för elever med Asperger syndrom. Med kvalitativa intervjuer av en specialpedagog och en lärare i årskurs 1-3 har vetskapen blivit större om hur elever med diagnosen Asperger syndrom klarar av situationer i skolan men också hur man som pedagog kan förhålla sig, genom att vara flexibel och utöva sin yrkesroll professionellt. Det finns inte en given metod som fungerar, utan det är eleven som individ som avgör vad just hon eller han behöver eller klarar av. Som pedagog är det en evig balansgång att finna vägar och lösningar i olika konflikter som uppstår, samt att ge elever med Asperger syndrom verktyg för att få förståelse för olika sociala situationer i klassrummet.

Aim: The concept of CSR is getting more attention among various fields but there has been a lack of research in enhancing the awareness of CSR within the field of retailing. In order to fill this gap, the aim of this study is to investigate the significance of CSR and green marketing (ecological labels) in the business of retailing while evaluating the affect of it on consumer behavior.   Method: Case study research method is opted for this study to answer “why” and “how” questions. Furthermore, quantitative data has been collected through in store and online customer interview. The research data is analysed by using Microsoft Office Excel.   Result &amp; Conclusions: The result shows that CSR is well incorporated and practiced by ICA Kvantum, AB. Their business philosophy is focused on customer, product, environment, diversity and community. They provide environmental and organic products by abiding the rules and law of goods production that also protects the environment. Moreover, the quantitative study reveals that Swedish female consumer between the ages of 26-35 are more responsible towards environment. It also shows that most of the consumers are still buying conventional (non-ecological) products and majority of them don’t check eco-labels before purchasing but they are willing to pay more for ecological and organic foods. Thus, CSR and green marketing affects consumer buying behavior through different ways.   Suggestions for future research: The similar research can be performed by adopting qualitative data from company’s experts to record their perspective about CSR and green marketing. Moreover, it would be interesting to investigate multiple retail companies operating in different cities. Furthermore, it could give innovative results, if the study investigates the link of trust and loyalty on consumer behavior, as they are the key components in consumer purchase decision.   Contribution of the study: This study identifies and explains the concept of CSR and the important elements of CSR in grocery retailing. The novel concept of green marketing and ecological products has been studied in relation to consumer behavior. The investigation of CSR and green marketing on consumer behavior is a unique combination which has not investigated extensively within the field of grocery retailing.

The genus Bordetella contains several pathogenic species generally associated with upper respiratory tract infections in warm-blooded animals. Bordetella pertussis is the etiologic agent of whooping cough. Whooping cough is presently one of the ten most common causes of death from infectious diseases and reported by the World Health Organisation (WHO) to cause 50 million cases and 350000 deaths worldwide per year, mainly among unvaccinated individuals in poor countries. The term proteome, in analogy to the term genome, was coined to describe the complete set of proteins that an organism has produced under a defined set of conditions. Proteomics has been used to identify novel bacterial vaccine candidates against several human pathogens. Fueled by growing DNA sequence information, the analysis of the proteome becomes a valuable and useful tool for antigen discovery. Much of information about immunogenic component can be derived from proteomics coupled to Western blotting, namely immunoproteomics. v In the present study, we report first immunoproteomics analysis to identify candidate antigens of B. pertussis for vaccine development. Different sera from mice, which were immunized or challenged with B. pertussis, were analyzed for reactivity by Western blot against whole cell extracts of B. pertussis Tohama and Saadet strains separated by 2-DE. We identified 15 immunogenic proteins of Bordetella pertussis as a total (60 kDa chaperonin, heat shock protein, serum resistance protein, putative substrate-CoA ligase, ATP-dependent protease, preprotein translocase secA subunit, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, elongation factor Tu, RNA polymerase alpha subunit, ketol-acid reductoisomerase, pertactin, lysyl-tRNA synthetase, serum resistance protein, carbamoyl-phosphate synthase large chain, 30S ribosomal protein S1 subunit), 6 of which being identified as immunogenic in a pathogenic microbe (ATP-dependent protease, carbamoylphosphate synthase large chain, lysyl-tRNA synthetase, putative chromosome partition protein, preprotein translocase secA subunit, 30S ribosomal protein S1 subunit) and 5 identified as immunogenic for Bordetella pertussis (RNA polymerase alpha subunit, S-adenosylmethionine synthatase, putative substrate-CoA ligase, elongation factor Tu, ketol-acid reductoisomerase) for the first time.

ABSTRACT COMPARATIVE SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER 2 REGION OF TURKISH RED PINE (Pinus brutia TEN.) AND NATURAL ALEPPO PINE (Pinus halepensis MILL.) POPULATIONS FROM TURKEY Tozkar, &Ouml / zge M.S., Department of Biology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Zeki Kaya April, 2007, 107 pages Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia) is wide-spread and an important forest tree species in Turkey, occurring mainly in southern, western and north-western Turkey and as small isolated populations in the Black Sea region. Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) has naturally found only in Adana and Mugla provinces as small population in mixture with Turkish red pine. Although Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine are morphologically different, Turkish red pine has been regarded as subspecies of Aleppo pine by some taxonomists due to occurrence of natural hybridization between these two species. However, the phylogenic relationship between these species needs to be explored further. In the present study, by sampling overlapped populations of both species from Mugla and Adana provinces (4 populations of Turkish red pine and 3 populations of Aleppo pine), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA were comparatively studied with sequence analysis. Although ITS1, 5.8s and ITS2 regions of ribosomal DNA were studied with ITS primers, only ITS2 region was successfully amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The complete data set for this region was analysed using MEGA3.1 and Arlequin softwares. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated the highest genetic differentiation between Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine in Mugla with 100 percentage of variation. AMOVA analysis also indicated the possibility of low-level migration of genes between Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine populations in Adana with 50.65 percent of molecular variance. Haplotype comparison revealed that two major haplotypes were represented Based on the results of ITS2 region sequence analysis, Turkish populations of Aleppo pine and Turkish red pine populations could not be fully differentiated. In Mugla province Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine revealed more differentiation due to reproductive isolation. But in Adana province, two species shared more common genetic background due to possible hybridization. Since ITS2 region of nuclear ribosomal DNA revealed a few variable and parsimony informative sites for both species, thus, only ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA does not appear to be sufficient for fully resolving genetic relationships between Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine populations. Further studies including ITS1 and 5.8s regions of ribosomal DNA and populations included from major Aleppo pine distribution areas will be useful to understand the evolutionary relationship between Aleppo pine and Turkish red pine populations in Turkey.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of internal and external focus feedback and their preference on skill learning at age of 12-13 years. Internal focus feedback related with body movements, whereas external focus feedbacks related with movement effects. As a task &ldquo / tennis&rdquo / service in volleyball was used for both acquisition and retention measurements. The subjects (N=78) were randomly assigned to three groups which were internal focus feedback group (IFF), external focus feedback group (EFF) and preference groups (PF). To promote learning three practice days and to assess learning one retention day was applied. Also, during these days, both technique of the skill and targeting was tried to measure. In technique measure the IFF group performed better than EFF group in acquisition and retention phases. PF group had similar scores with IFF group in acquisition phase whereas it did not show better performance than IFF group in retention phase. PF group performed better than EFF group in both phases. In product measure, significant differences between attentional focus feedback groups in acquisition and retention phases. This study indicated that for young children with limited amount of knowledge about a skill internal focus feedback is more appropriate compared to external focus feedback in terms of retention. Being able to choose among internal and external focus of attention also seems to make a difference in retention performance of novice children indicating that active participation on the learning variables is an important concept.

This study aimed at investigating classroom management approaches of primary school teachers and exploring if their management approaches are consistent with the constructivist curriculum. The sample consisted of 265 primary school teachers working in Kastamonu. Data were gathered from the participants via Classroom Management Inventory developed by the researcher. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized to analyze the data. Mixed Design ANOVA (within subjects and between subjects) was employed to investigate the dominant classroom management approach that teachers use and to explore the effect of some variables on classroom management approaches of teachers. Results of the study indicated that primary school teachers prefer to use studentcentered management approach rather than teacher-centered approach. That is teachers&rsquo / management approaches are consistent with the constructivist instruction. Furthermore, some background variables were found to affect the classroom management approaches of teachers. A significant difference was found in classroom management approaches of teachers with respect to teaching experience, branch, type of certification and average number of students teachers have in their classes while no significant difference was found with respect to gender variable.