Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva erfarenheter av socialt stöd bland mellanchefer i hälso- och sjukvården. Bakgrund Mellanchefer i hälso- och sjukvården har ett betydelsefullt och krävande uppdrag. Stöd i olika former kan reducera risken för ohälsa orsakad av stress i arbetet och organisationens stöd är viktigt. Genom att stärka mellancheferna erhålls en positiv effekt för både patienter och medarbetare. Metod Studien baserades på semi-strukturerade intervjuer med nio mellanchefer, vilka arbetade inom slutenvården vid två sjukhus i norra Sverige. Intervjuerna spelades in, skrevs ut ordagrant och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat Analysen resulterade i tre huvudkategorier; Erfarenheter av fungerande stöd inom organisationen, erfarenheter av bristande stöd inom organisationen och andra faktorer av betydelse för erfarenheter av stöd. Sammanfattning De flesta mellanchefer hade goda erfarenheter av stöd i organisationen, men påtalade behovet av en tidig och mer strukturerad introduktion när de påbörjade sitt uppdrag. För att förebygga ohälsa föreslås förbättrad introduktion och tidiga utbildningsinsatser, förbättrad feedback från överordnad, samt utvecklat mentorskap. Implikationer Studiens resultat kan användas i syfte att sträva efter att bibehålla det stöd som fungerar och förbättra bristande stöd för mellanchefer i hälso- och sjukvården.

Abstract This paper deals with the ideological aspects of the Irish epic saga Táin Bó Cúailnge´s first two recensions. The two versions, called Recension I and Recension II differ in some aspects and the purpose of this paper is to map out the differences, as well as the similarities. The analytic tool used is Bruce Lincoln’s myth theory that myth is ideology in narrative form. Using this tool I hope to give more understanding for the old Irish saga and also the people who wrote it and believed in it. The paper starts off with an introduction in research history in the field of myth and then continues explaining Lincoln’s theory and also takes up some of the criticisms against it. This is followed by a closer look at Táin Bó Cúailnge’s history, influences and its purpose. After this background the two different versions are presented with some notes on their origin, dating and authorship, and also short reviews of each version. To understand the ideological aspects of the two different recensions, the texts are first analyzed separately. This is followed by a comparative analysis, where the texts’ similarities and differences are examined. The paper is concluded in short at the end with conclusions drawn from the proceeding discussion and some last words from me, the author. Keywords: Táin Bó Cúailnge, Bruce Lincoln, ideology, mythology

<p>Abstract</p><p>The purpose with this thesis is to study how teachers implement democracy in the Swedish school. This includes investigating which model of democracy that the teachers prefer. The models of democracy I search for are liberal democracy and participant democracy. The main research question in this thesis is: How is democracy implemented in the school? The second research question is: Which model of democracy is dominant in the school? I use a qualitative method by in- depth interviewing groups of teachers. I have interviewed teachers at two high schools which are located in Tingsryd and Alvesta.</p><p>The thesis result show that one way to implement democracy in school is by letting the pupils participate in decisions that are made in the classroom. Which part of a course that should have priority and when the pupils would like to have a test, are methods used to implement democracy. These decisions are made by voting and following the majority. When it comes to model of democracy, the result show that most teachers prefer both models. One prefer participate democracy and a few prefer liberal democracy. It seems like it depends on the individual teacher how democracy is implemented, and which model of democracy that they prefer.</p>

<p>The aim of this paper is to describe, visualise- and analyse media’s discursive representations of female politicians in Swedish printed media. The focus of the analysis is to show if, and how these images can be understood and interpreted in terms of a socially constructed gender stereotyped suborder. </p><p>The paper takes it's theoretical and methodological departure in the discourse analysis, which is combined with feminist political theory. Feminist political theory is concretised in the use of what Yvonne Hirdman calls the "gender system" which arranges the sexes into their respective genders and is based upon two rules/principles/logics: 1) the rule of distinctive separation, and 2) the male norm. Closely related to the aim of the paper lies also the critical theoretic assumption that people has to be aware of their own part in the production and reproduction of the discourse in order to change make a change. Language is perceived as intimately tied to power in that language defines and gives the reality meaning. Media is therefore, by it's presence in all Swedish homes perceived as channel for the exercise of power through it's discourse.</p><p>Drawing on 20 articles from different newspapers and magazines, the results of this paper shows, through the use of discourse analysis, that female politicians are portrayed as politicians and women. The analysis concludes that media's image of the female politician rests on gender stereotypes which as a consequent reduces the female politician to her biological gender and therefore gives her, in comparison with her male counterpart a lower hierarchic position.</p>

<p>This Degree project summarizes how it is to work in the CAD program Revit Architecture. This was done because AQ Arkitekter in Eskilstuna is interested in how Revit works. Especially compared to AutoCad which is the software they are using today. Will their work become more efficient with the new software?</p><p>The starting point was to find out how it is to work with Revit when you only used AutoCAD Architecture before. The purpose with this Degree project was to investigate whether it was possible to provide all the drawings required in a construction project that AQ Arkitekter normally produce in AutoCAD.</p><p>Most of the study was done on my own with some help of outside contacts. Drawings from an already completed construction projects were produced in Revit to really see if it was possible to obtain the required drawings. The final results were a summary of the Revit features and how to generate drawings. The two programs were compared to see the disadvantages and advantages of the programs. In the end, the Degree project did become a complete report, which gives an overview of Revit and its functions.</p>

Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om hur elevhälsans professioner beskriver den specialpedagogiska funktionens uppdrag i och utanför elevhälsan. Anledningen till valet att studera i och utanför elevhälsan är att bidra med kunskap om hur den specialpedagogiska funktionen ser ut inom hela elevhälsan på lokal nivå. Intresset till studien grundar sig utifrån att olika professioner har uttryckt sina åsikter om den specialpedagogiska funktionens uppdrag både i och utanför elevhälsan. Studien tar stöd i det sociokulturella perspektivet för att försöka förstå de olika professionernas förståelse av den specialpedagogiska funktionen. Studien utgår även från ett relationellt perspektiv där elevens svårigheter måste ses i förhållande till lärmiljön, alltså att undervisningens utformning och upplägg kan orsaka skolsvårigheter för en elev. Även det kategoriska perspektivet finns med i studien utifrån att det framkom åsikter där eleven är den som har problemet och att det behöver lösas med hjälp av undervisning i mindre grupp eller enskilt tillsammans med någon inom den specialpedagogiska funktionen. Den metod som använts i studien är kvalitativa intervjuer som har spelats in, transkriberats och analyserats. Resultatet visar att professionerna har samma förståelse om vilka specialpedagogiska insatser som ingår i den specialpedagogiska funktionen. Däremot är de oeniga om vilka specialpedagogiska insatser som specialpedagogen ska prioritera först. Slutsatsen av studien visar att specialpedagogernas uppdrag tolkas väldigt olika bland professionerna i elevhälsan och utifrån det ser också förväntningarna olika ut.

Anotation Personality Jan Amos Comenius is viewed from different sides. There are a number of expert works which accommodates the personality of assorted sides about Jan Amos's Comenius's professional activities and human destiny. Me, I have not concerned his professional public and even organizational activity and intrigued me rather its human searching security in life through faith. Therefore, the subject of my work are more or less his fictional writings, therefore Letters to Heaven, Mournful, and The Labyrinth of the World and the Paradise of the Heart. I believe that if real life Comenius uses the term "consolatory", you can search just finding his comfort in his own creating and then in the tone in these works. Although these works are subjects of the harshest reality in his time. I think an interesting document is his correspondence expressing his worries mostly, but also sometimes the joy of his own works, as well as its human joy of universal recognition of his work. I most relied on the autobiography of John Amos Comenius, the work of Jan Blahoslav Čapek, work by Jaroslava Pešková, Pavel Říčan, Jan Václav Novák and of course my own reading Comenius's works from the sources.

Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Lucie Gábrlová Diploma thesis: Alkaloids of family Amaryllidaceae and their biological activity The aim of this diploma thesis was to compile assigned fraction of alkaloidal extract obtained from Chlidanthus fragrans and isolation of at least two alkaloids for testing their biological aktivity. For the processing of the extract and isolation of the alkaloids contained in it was used preparative TLC. The obtained substances were then undegone structure analysis, specifically, there were used EI-MS and NMR methods. Based on the results obtained were isolated substances identified and prepared for screening of their biological activity, which was not part of this diploma thesis anymore. The isolated alkaloids were identified as 6α-hydroxybuphanidrine, crinamidine and crinine. 6α-Hydroxybuphanidrine failed to get enough for biological testing. Inhibitory activity of crinamidine and crinine against erythrocyte AChE and serum BuChE was quite weak. Equally, neither of alkaloids showed stronger ability to inhibit the POP, where for crinamidine was determined IC50 = 0,790 ± 0,062 mM and for crinine IC50 = 1,473 ± 0,122 mM. The measurment of cytotoxic activity has been carried out only with...

L’ambition de ce travail est de dégager une vision critique du champ de la communication et de la consommation de masse, au croisement du double parcours de recherche et de pratique professionnelle de l’auteur. L’approche sémiotique, enrichie des éclairages disciplinaires des sciences de la communication, de la stratégie, de l’interaction, de l’anthropologie, permet d’ébaucher une théorie stratégique du champ de la communication. En envisageant cette dernière comme un espace stratégique d’actualisation d’enjeux pour les actants, régi par la confrontation et la rivalité, on se donne les moyens de prendre la juste mesure de ce champ et des phénomènes qui le structurent. Cette approche croisée, unifiée par l’appareil conceptuel et méthodologique de la sémiotique greimassienne, dégage une vision globale de ce champ en prenant appui essentiellement sur trois niveaux de pertinence sémiotique, qui révèlent la cohérence et la transversalité des phénomènes de signification observés : les formes discursives, les formes stratégiques et les formes d’interaction. La vision proposée, à travers le cadre général ainsi que les différents travaux présentés, met en évidence les dysfonctionnements du modèle de communication de masse « mécaniste » fondé sur la maitrise et la programmation, et défini les bases et les conditions de l’émergence d’un nouveau modèle de communication. Ce nouveau modèle fait basculer la communication d’un pur régime de simulacres discursifs à un véritable régime d’interaction où l’articulation du cognitif et du sensible favorise la co-construction du sens par l’énonciataire dans des dispositifs communicationnels d’un nouveau genre. Ce travail est enfin une mise à l’épreuve et un questionnement sur les apports de la praxis sémiotique à la construction d’un champ de la communication pertinent et opératoire. On y montre ainsi qu’elle n’est pas seulement un outil d’analyse mais une méthode d’aide à la génération des formes signifiantes et stratégiques. Enfin, dans un incessant va-et-vient entre le particulier et le général, elle rend possible l’intégration des formes sémiotiques en circulation dans des schématisations plus vastes qui font apparaitre l’architecture des grands phénomènes de signification à l’œuvre dans ce champ. / The purpose of this work is to highlight a critical view on communication field and mass consumption, at the crossroad of a double path bridging academic research and professional practice of the author. The semiotics approach, enriched with the light of disciplines like communication sciences, strategy, interaction, anthropology, enables to draft a theory of strategy in the communication field. By considering the latter as a strategic space of actualization of stakes for the actants, ruled by confrontation and rivalry, we bring ourselves the opportunity to consider this field and the phenomenon that are structuring it at its right level. This multiple approach unified by the conceptual and methodological background of semiotics brings out a global vision of this field by essentially leaning on three levels of semiotic relevance, that are revealing coherency and transversality of signification phenomenon observed : discursive forms, strategic forms et interaction forms. The proposed vision, through the general frame and diverse works presented, is highlighting malfunctionings of “mechanical” mass communication model based on control and programmation and is defining the basis and conditions of an emerging new communication model. This new model is making communication switching from a pure system of discursive simulacrum to a true system of interaction where the combination of cognitive and sensitive rationality enables co-construction of meaning by enunciate in communicational systems of a new kind. Finally this work putting to the test and questioning what semiotic praxis is bringing to the building of a relevant and operative communciation field. We show there that semiotics not only is a tool of analysis but a method supporting signifying and strategic forms generation. Then through permanent back and forth between particular and general semiotic approach is making possible the integration of circulating semiotic forms in broader schemes that are revealing the architecture of main signification phenomenon structuring this field.

Dans cette étude nous avons filmé 60 mères de langue française et leur enfant en bonne santé (de 1 à 2 ans), pendant différentes sessions de repas. En utilisant une démarche exploratoire et multidisciplinaire, comprenant des approches socio-anthropologique, développementale et clinique, notre étude illustre la complexité relative à l’investigation de l'alimentation et des interactions alimentaires entre les mères et leur enfant. Nos résultats démontrent que les représentations des mères ainsi que leurs propres expériences autour de l’alimentation (passées et présentes) influencent leur volonté de transmettre des valeurs et habitudes concernant l'alimentation à leurs enfants, mais aussi leurs pratiques éducatives alimentaires. De plus, nous montrons comment les caractéristiques individuelles (de la mère et de l’enfant) peuvent influencer la qualité de leurs interactions alimentaires, y compris dans une population non clinique. Dans ce contexte, nous illustrons l'influence de l'anxiété maternelle sur des comportements alimentaires spécifiques des enfants (en particulier, dans le contexte de l'introduction de tailles de morceaux d’aliments). Enfin, un modèle d'intégration des trois approches est discuté. / In the present study we videotaped 60 French speaking mothers and their healthy toddlers (from 1 to 2 years old) during different meal sessions. Using an exploratory and multi-disciplinary approach, including sociology/anthropology, developmental psychology and clinical psychology, our study illustrates the complexity of investigating feeding and eating interactions between mothers and toddlers. We illustrate how mothers’ representations of food and maternal own experiences around food influence their will to transmit feeding values and habits to their toddlers but also their feeding educative practices. Furthermore, we show how individual’s characteristics can influence the quality of feeding interactions even in a non-clinical population of toddlers and their mothers, such as the influence of maternal anxiety on specific toddler's eating behavior (especially, in the context of introduction of food piece sizes). Lastly, an integrative model of the three approaches is discussed.