This thesis tries to distinguish kitsch and art with the help of philosophical hermeneutics by reading it in the light of Derrida&rsquo / s interpretation of Hamlet in Specters of Marx. It defines kitsch as experience in order to go beyond both of the two main approaches, namely, the one that sees kitsch as an object and the one that reduces it to the behaviour of the subject. It tries to show that kitsch is not just an aesthetic problem, but also, a political one.

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Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-06T21:55:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlaPatriciaOliveiraDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 2770355 bytes, checksum: 487128952cfbffa881de5cbd27f645ac (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-08T22:49:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlaPatriciaOliveiraDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 2770355 bytes, checksum: 487128952cfbffa881de5cbd27f645ac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-08T22:49:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlaPatriciaOliveiraDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 2770355 bytes, checksum: 487128952cfbffa881de5cbd27f645ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa focaliza a trajet?ria do cineasta Guel Arraes e escolhe para an?lise dois filmes, O Auto da Compadecida (2000) e O Bem Amado (2010), bem como seus figurinos. O enfoque no figurino ? realizado a partir da Semiologia e objetiva decifrar os sentidos produzidos na indument?ria. Tr?s personagens dos filmes ter?o os seus figurinos analisados a partir da teoria de Roland Barthes, principalmente com os elementos da Semiologia (l?ngua e fala), (significante e significado) e (sistema e sintagma). A influ?ncia do movimento Armorial no filme O Auto da Compadecida e da est?tica Kitsch no filme O Bem Amado merecem uma reflex?o, al?m do estudo da fun??o do figurino no interior da narrativa amparado pela an?lise estrutural da narrativa de Roland Barthes. Buscamos identificar o equil?brio entre a fala dos personagens e a imagem da indument?ria f?lmica. Para complementar o estudo do poder do figurino na narrativa, estudamos os tra?os caracter?sticos do diretor e roteirista Guel Arraes nas suas obras, que s?o a identidade de nordestino, a representa??o do Nordeste e a com?dia popular. Partimos do princ?pio que o trabalho de escolhas de sua cria??o n?o est? separado das influ?ncias que o diretor teve durante sua vida. A nossa pesquisa se concentrou na aprecia??o dos filmes e na investiga??o minuciosa de toda a linguagem. As principais reflex?es t?m como sustenta??o as seguintes teorias: Barthes (2007), Figueir?a e Fechine (2008), Moles (2001), Stuart Hall (2005) e Mikhail Bakhtin (2013). / This research focuses on the course of Guel Arraes, moviemaker, and picks two movies for analysis: O Auto da Compadecida (2000) and O Bem Amado (2010), as well as their costumes. The focus on the costume is based on Semiology and aims to decode the meanings that stem out of the clothes. Three of the movies characters will have their costumes analyzed based on Roland Barthes? theory, mainly considering semiology elements (language and speech), (significant and meaning) and (system and syntagma). The influence of the Armorial movement into the movie O Auto da Compadecida and the Kitsch aesthetic in O Bem Amado deserve consideration, aside from the study on costumes function within narrative, supported by Roland Barthes? structural analysis of the narrative. We sought to highlight the balance between characters? lines and the image of the costumes in the movies. Adding to the study on how costumes strongly accounts to narrative, we observed characteristic traits of director and scriptwriter Guel Arraes present in his works, which are the northeastern man identity, a presentation of the Northeast and popular comedy. We believe that his choices when creating and his life influences are not separate from one another. Our research was movie-appraisal centered and had a thorough investigation all over language. The main considerations are supported by the following theories: Barthes (2007), Figueir?a and Fechine (2008), Moles (2001), Stuart Hall (2005) and Mikhail Bakhtin (2013).

Consider the possibility of the remnants of our present day society being excavated and studied in centuries to come. Imagine the craftsmanship, the art, artifacts and architecture that will then be compared to those of the past centuries. Our entire culture will be labelled by the endless array of rubbish that has become an integral part of our lives. The increasing prevalence of kitsch in the society goes almost unnoticed where it should be causing concern. Few people are aware of its existence, or the permanent aesthetic scars induced by this prevalence. How has this cult of sheer awfulness come about and why has it become prevalent? It is impossible to pursue all the avenues of kitsch - so vast is it but it is the purpose of this study to try and answer some of the questions, in order to make people more aware of what has crept into our society, to help them become more discriminating, and not merely to level criticism at the perpetrators of kitsch.

This thesis aims to contextualise my curation of 'Tretchikoff: The People's Painter' at the Iziko South African National Gallery by outlining the process by which I came to embark on this project and to examine the concepts of mass art and kitsch in relation to the painter. Mass art, in Noel Carroll's explication of the term, is art that utilises industrial processes of replication. Carroll argues that this leads to specific formal and structural tendencies in this art which have much in common with the pejorative concept of kitsch, or art that is lacking in taste or effuses excessive emotion. The latter term was and continues to be applied to Tretchikoff. Although some have attempted to 'reclaim' the word as a positive concept the negative associations that link this term to Tretchikoff are strong. Interrogating these concepts led me to decide to curate TretchikofPs retrospective by focusing on his painting and not including the prints for which he was so well known. Awareness of the complex associations and 'received knowledge' that his prints engender has influenced several curatorial decisions that I have taken. I consider the intellectual underpinnings of my curatorial strategy and argue for an 'open' exhibition which gives the viewer the opportunity to assess his work and legacy in an objective manner, free from as much curatorial mediation and didacticsm as possible. There are no answers to be offered in my curation of Tretchikxiff the People's Painter, rather I have aimed to set up dialogues, discussions, confrontations and challenges; I have offered simple relationships rather than complex juxtapositions I have aimed to position the artwork as the centre of the engagement relative to the viewer.

No abstract available / Dissertation (MA(Fine Arts))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Visual Arts / unrestricted

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Le spectacle vivant actuel fait la part belle à des représentations légères, divertissantes, qui jouent avec le mauvais goût et intègrent la culture de masse. Il se dégage alors de certaines mises en scène, à la valeur artistique pourtant indéniable, une tonalité qui amène à les qualifier de kitsch. Or, selon Hermann Broch, le kitsch est “l’anti-art” par excellence. Cette contradiction tient au fait que, lorsque le kitsch est envisagé à distance, comme l'ont démontré Susan Sontag et Guy Scarpetta, à un second degré, il peut accéder à l’art. Pour qualifier de kitsch une représentation sans que cela renvoie à un jugement de valeur dépréciatif et afin de comprendre les modalités de ce renversement, il faut au préalable identifier le kitsch. En s’appuyant sur les définitions de cette notion par des penseurs comme Walter Benjamin ou Clement Greenberg et sur les descriptions des propriétés du kitsch par Abraham Moles et Christophe Genin, cette thèse s'arrête, notamment, sur le rôle du processus autoréflexif de la métathéâtralité. Celle-ci permet en effet au kitsch, en se dénonçant comme tel, de devenir un outil scénique qui produit une esthétique que nous appelons métakitsch. Dans l’objectif de saisir concrètement les enjeux, les effets et les limites de cette esthétique, l’opérette s'est avérée le genre théâtral le plus propice. Aussi la deuxième partie de cette étude est-elle centrée, d’une part sur quatre œuvres de Jacques Offenbach par un même metteur en scène, Laurent Pelly, de l’autre sur l’analyse comparative de quatre représentations de La Belle Hélène d’Offenbach par des metteurs en scène différents. Il en ressort que l’utilisation du kitsch, qui offre une grande liberté aux metteurs en scène, engendre des spectacles souvent ironiques, voire caustiques, hybrides, éclectiques et ludiques. L’utilisation du kitsch, de l'anti-art dans l'art, semble répondre aux besoins de renouveau du public. / Modern live shows tend to be light and fun affairs which integrate with bad taste and popular culture. Some stagings, which possess an undeniable artistic value, have emerged with a tone that one could call kitsch. According to Hermann Broch, kitsch is the "anti-art". This contradiction arises because, as Susan Sontag and Guy Scarpetta have demonstrated, when kitsch is considered at a distance, with irony, it can be considered art. To call a show kitsch in a non-pejorative manner, and in order to understand the manner of this reversal, one must first define kitsch. Based on the definitions of this notion by thinkers like Walter Benjamin and Clement Greenberg and the descriptions of the properties of kitsch by Abraham Moles and Christophe Genin, this dissertation will notably end with the role of the self-reflexive process of metatheatre. This allows kitsch, in identifying it as such, to become a tool for the stage that produces an aesthetic that we call metakitsch. In terms of concretely defining the stakes, the effects and the limits of this aesthetic, the operetta has proved to be the most suitable theatrical genre. The second part of this study is centered, on the one hand, on four works by Jacques Offenbach presented by the same director, Laurent Pelly, and on the other, on a comparative analysis of four representations of La Belle Helene by Offenbach, presented by different directors. It will emerge that the use of kitsch, which offers a great deal of freedom to directors, produces spectacles that are often ironic, even caustic, hybrid, eclectic and playful. The use of kitsch, of anti-art in art, seems to meet the public's need for something new.

Apparu vers le milieu du XIXe siècle comme jargon dans les cercles artistiques munichois désignant une image de piètre qualité, bon marché, le mot kitsch s’utilise aujourd’hui non seulement dans le monde de l’art mais aussi dans la vie quotidienne toujours avec un sens fortement péjoratif. Considéré en général comme « mauvais goût », « art sans valeur », « camelote artistique », ou « art vulgaire », le kitsch n’est pourtant pas un concept qui demeure seulement dans une dimension esthétique ou artistique. Les divers phénomènes historiques du kitsch, émergés dans le contexte de la modernité, comme « la bib[e]lotomanie », « le roman-feuilleton », « l’art pompier » en France au XIXe siècle, ou encore « la peinture de salon de coiffure » en Corée au XXe siècle, trahissent tous que le kitsch est en effet une attitude que l’homme adopte vis-à-vis de son existence et du monde dans la réalité. L’essentiel de ce concept réside donc dans sa négation ou mieux dans sa fuite de la réalité. Voilà pourquoi la photographie se présente comme un médium qui mérite d’être étudié en rapport avec le kitsch. Médium qui a un lien spécifique par excellence avec le réel, elle ne cesse de faire ontologiquement le va-et-vient entre le présent et le passé, l’instantanéité et l’éternel, l’ici et l’ailleurs, le sujet et l’objet, la vie et la mort, etc. C’est en effet à cause de cette ontologie paradoxale que la photo peut devenir, selon « l’acte photographique », non seulement de l’art mais aussi du kitsch. Ainsi, l’attitude envers ce dernier que les artistes laissent apercevoir à travers leur œuvre photographique s’avère extrêmement variée, et ambiguë, voire même contradictoire tout comme chez Pierre et Gilles, Vik Muniz, Sebastião Salgado et Oliviero Toscani. / Appeared in the mid-nineteenth century as a jargon in the artistic circles of Munich designating a cheap image of poor quality, the term “kitsch” is used today not only in the art world, but also in everyday life, always with strongly pejorative sense. Generally considered as “bad taste”, “worthless art”, “artistic junk” or “vulgar art”, kitsch, however, is not a concept that remains only in aesthetic or artistic field ?. Various historical phenomena of kitsch which had been all emerged in the context of modernity, such as “bib[e]lotomanie”, “serialized novel”, “academic art” in France in the nineteenth century, or “barbershop’s painting” in Korea in the twentieth century, show that kitsch is indeed an attitude of human being toward his own existence and the world. The essence of this concept lies therefore in his negation of reality, or better in his escape from reality. That’s why photography deserves to be studied in relation with the kitsch. Having a specific link with the reality, the medium oscillate ontologically between the present and the past, the instant and the eternity, the here and the elsewhere, the subject and the object, the life and the death, etc. It is indeed because of this paradoxical ontology that the photography can become, according to the “acte photographique” not just art but also kitsch. Thus, the attitude to the latter the artists let reveal through their photographic work turn out extremely varied and ambiguous, even contradictory such as it does in the work of Pierre et Gilles, Vik Muniz, Sebastião Salgado and Oliviero Toscani.

Mémoire en recherche-création / Ktf, la première partie de ce mémoire, est un récit au « je » qui tente de reproduire le parler des jeunes québécois. Il présente une vision des relations amoureuses au temps des nouvelles technologies à travers les yeux d’une jeune femme de 20 ans souffrant de dépendance affective. Le discours se double d’une réflexion sur l’endoctrinement par les discours sociaux qui poussent à accorder une grande importance au paraître. La narratrice, par son point de vue à la fois sarcastique et aliéné, s’attarde à raconter son banal quotidien, tout en reconduisant une multitude de stéréotypes et en pigeant allègrement dans le répertoire du kitsch et des pensées préconçues. Toutefois, grâce à son sens de l’autodérision, la narratrice insuffle à son récit une bonne dose de ridicule ce qui a pour effet de dévoiler le vide de sens qui sous-tend cette culture du paraître. La seconde partie de ce mémoire est un essai qui s’intéresse la culture populaire et au rire comme instruments de détournement des discours dominants et de la culture consacrée dans Borderline et La brèche de Marie-Sissi Labrèche. Cet essai en trois parties s’attarde d’abord à faire ressortir les références au tragique dans les deux récits de l’auteure, afin de montrer comment leurs héroïnes Sissi et Kiki sont oppressées par les grands discours du système officiel. Ensuite, les parties deux et trois portent sur le détournement que les narratrices font subir au tragique en le confrontant à diverses manifestations de la culture populaire comique, dont le kitsch, le grotesque, le ridicule, le carnavalesque et le trash. / Ktf, the first part of this M.A. Thesis, is a narrative that attempts to reproduce the orality of young people in Quebec. It presents a vision of love relationships in the age of new technologies through the eyes of a 20-years-old girl suffering from emotional dependence. The discourse is coupled with a reflection on indoctrination by social discourses that give great importance to appearing. The narrator, from her sarcastic and alienated point of view, dwells on her banal daily life, while reiterating a multitude of stereotypes and while gleefully pumping into kitsch repertoire and preconceived thoughts. However, thanks to her sense of self-deprecation, the narrator infuses her story with a good dose of ridicule, which has the effect of revealing the meaninglessness that underlies this culture of appearances. The second part is an essay on popular culture and laughter as instruments for diverting dominant discourses and consecrated culture in Borderline and La brèche by Marie-Sissi Labrèche. This three-part essay focuses first on highlighting references to tragedy in the author's two narratives, in order to show how their heroines Sissi and Kiki are oppressed by the great rhetoric of the official system. Then, parts two and three analyze how Labrèche turns away the tragic by confronting it with various manifestations of comic popular culture, including kitsch, grotesque, ridiculous, carnivalesque and trash.