The master thesis deals with data quality in the context of open and linked data. One of the goals is to define specifics of data quality in this context. The specifics are perceived mainly with orientation to data quality dimensions (i. e. data characteristics which we study in data quality) and possibilities of their measurement. The thesis also defines the effect on data quality that is connected with data transformation to linked data; the effect if defined with consideration to possible risks and benefits that can influence data quality. The list of metrics verified on real data (open linked data published by government institution) is composed for the data quality dimensions that are considered to be relevant in context of open and linked data. The thesis points to the need of recognition of differences that are specific in this context when assessing and managing data quality. At the same time, it offers possibilities for further study of this question and it presents subsequent directions for both theoretical and practical evolution of the topic.

Thesis describes programming of 3D applications, mainly games, on Windows Phone 7 platform and lightly compares this approach with Silverlight platform. It also describes XNA framework in detail and programming plane simulators problems. In the second part of this thesis, reader can find complete description of implementation of a simple airplane simulation for Windows Phone 7 platform, which is based on the XNA framework. The game consists of implementation of terrain, sky, plane, scene and also of physics and the principle of the game.

Parallel, adaptive Level-of-Detail in VR simulations. Parameters for efficient reuse of already calculated reductions are investigated. Choosen reduction algorithms are evaluated. Parameters for communication within the distributed application are determined. An implementation is introduced. / Paralleles, adaptives Level-of-Detail komplexer Objekten in VR-Simulationen. Die Parameter für eine effiziente Wiederverwendung bereits berechneter Reduktionen werden untersucht. Ausgewählte Reduktionsalgorithmen werden evaluiert. Die Parameter für die Kommunikation in der verteilten Applikation werden ermittelt. Eine Implementation wird vorgestellt.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / infarction (MI) affects many parts of the western world and in South Africa alone it is estimated that MI is responsible for 1 in 6 deaths (17.3%). Traditional diagnostic methods for MI include an electrocardiograms and blood tests. The problem with these diagnostic methods are that they are time consuming, require large sample volumes, expensive equipment and complicated machinery. To achieve early detection of MI the discovery of specific, sensitive and reliable biomarkers are required. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been identified as a reliable biomarker for MI due to the fact that it has a defined cutoff of 100 pg/ml and it is not susceptible to patient‘s age which could make early detection of BNP complicated. Early detection methods for BNP has been based on immunoradiometric assays but problems associated with immunoradiometric assays are that there is a restricted availability of antigens and incubation of the labeled antibody could take up to two weeks which affects the patients waiting time on results. Electrochemical biosensors are emerging as early detection method for MI because they can be designed to be sensitive, specific to BNP at a low cost. This research study reported for the first the successful fabrication and implementation of highly sensitive mercaptosuccinic acid capped nickel selenide quantum dots (MSA-NiSe2 QDs) aptasensor for the detection of BNP. The poly-dispersed MSA-NiSe2 QDs were synthesized via an inexpensive, simple and reproducible aqueous microwave assisted irradiation method. The prepared MSA-NiSe2 QDs were characterized by Ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), High Resolution Transmission/Scanning Electron Microscopy (HR TEM/SEM) and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXSpace). The electrochemical properties of the MSA-NiSe2 QDs were investigated by Cylic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). HR-TEM revealed the formation of small sized MSA-NiSe2 QDs about 4 nm in diameter which was complemented by SAXSpace. UV-Vis studies showed absorption peaks in the ultraviolet region (100-400 nm) confirming the small size of these QDs as well confirming the direct and indirect bandgap of the QDs. XRD confirmed that the QDs are crystalline and belong to the bulk cubic MSA-NiSe2 QDs phase. FTIR studies confirmed the successful capping of MSA on the QDs due to the disappearance of the thiol peak at 2652 cm-1. Electrochemical studies revealed that the MSA-NiSe2 QDs showed good electrochemical properties on screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) which allowed them to be used as a mediating platform between the aptamer and SPCE. The successful detection of BNP was achieved by an incubation process between the aptamer drop coated on the MSA-NiSe2 QDs/SPCE surface overnight. The response of the MSA-NiSe2 QDs based aptasensor towards different concentrations of BNP was studied by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). DPV showed a good linearly with correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.98. DPV also showed a high sensitivity (0.4513 μA/ pg/mL) towards detecting BNP with a detection limit of 11.93 pg/ml. The value of 11.93 pg/ml falls within the negative predictive value range of 10-100 pg/ml for early-stage diagnosis of BNP.

I takt med att klimathoten mot vår planet ökar raskt, ökar också människors egna engagemang för att lösa problematiken. I städerna finns det initiativ med målsättningen att skapa en bättre framtid för jorden än den som idag spås. Problem med överbelastade dagvattensystem och långa mattransporter i städerna är två klimathot som bl.a. kan avhjälpas med lokalt omhändertagande av dagvatten respektive stadsodling. Därför kommer följande rapport att avhandla hur det på bästa sätt kan utformas en odlingsvägg inomhus som tar hand om nederbördsvatten från byggnadens tak i projektet Haningeterrassen. För att lösa uppgiften har litteraturstudie, studiebesök och intervjuer varit underlag för arbetet som även har innehållit en fallstudie. Detta för att få en bättre inblick i hur hela väggen och systemet bör utformas för en specifik byggnad, i vårt fall ett hus i projektet Haningeterrassen. Målet med projekt har varit att ta fram ett förslag på en byggteknisk lösning på en grön vägg inomhus som kan hantera nederbörd m.h.a. planterade nyttoväxter exempelvis sallad, tomat och basilika. Där följande frågor har besvarats för den utvalda byggnaden i Haningeterrassen: Hur kan en grön vägg bli ett verktyg för människor att använda som en del i den hållbara staden? Hur utformas en grön vägg som bevattnas med nederbörden från byggnadens tak? Nyttoväxterna bidrar till stadens hållbara utveckling genom att minska mattransporter till staden för väggens brukare. Och utnyttjandet av nederbörd bidrar till stadens hållbara utveckling genom att minska belastningen på stadens dagvattensystem. Viktigt att poängtera är att denna vägg enbart är en förslagsskiss och en fortsättning på projektet är önskvärd. / Whilst the climate threat on earth increases, people’s own involvement in the issue increases with it. Several initiatives exist in the cities with the objective to create a better future for the earth than what is predicted today. Problems with overburdened stormwater systems and long transport distances for food are two of these climate threats that can be decreased with local management of stormwater respectively urban farming. Therefore the following report will examine the preferable way to create an interior wall for cultivation that is irrigated with pre-stored precipitation from the roof of a specific building in the project Haningeterrassen. For solving the task, literature studies, study visits and interviews have been the foundation for the work, which also have included a case study. This to get a better insight in how the whole system and a green wall should be designed for a specific building, in our case a house in the project Haningeterrassen. The goal with the project has been to form a proposal of a design solution of a green inner wall that can manage precipitation with planted culturing plants for example lettuce, tomato and basil. The following questions have been answered for the chosen building in Haningeterrassen: How can a green wall become a tool for the average person to use as a part of the sustainable city? How is a green wall best designed for managing the precipitation that lands on its building’s roof by being irrigated with it?  The culturing plants in the wall contribute to the city’s sustainable development by reducing long transport distances for food for the users of the wall. And the usage of precipitation contributes to the city’s sustainable development by reducing the burden on the city’s stormwater systems. It is important to acknowledge that this green wall only is a proposal sketch. A continuation of the project is desirable.

Level of Detail (LOD) is an important area in game development and it is a term used to describe the complexity of 3D models. Complex 3D models that are rendered from a far distance can often be simplified, to minimise rendering costs. The visual appearance of a simplified model should be as close to the original model as possible. This process requires metrics that can produce a similarity score or a distance value between meshes of different quality.  In this report, four different metrics are evaluated on a dataset with models of different qualities. The metrics are the MSDM2, Chamfer Distance, Hausdorff Distance and Simplygon's internal distance called Maximum Deviation. The dataset is already annotated with subjective scores from an earlier experiment, and the metrics are evaluated using the Spearman and the Pearson Correlations between metric values and subjective scores. The metrics are evaluated on the whole model set, and on different categories of models. The correlation scores are calculated using three different regression techniques. These are a per-dataset regression, a scaled per-dataset regression, and an averaged per-model regression. In addition to this, the metrics are also evaluated on the same dataset but where the LOD:s are created using a different simplifying algorithm, Simplygon's own reducer.  The results show that MSDM2 is the best metric in correlation with subjective scores when using a per-dataset regression. It is also noticed that the other metrics are all quite similar. The difference between the MSDM2 metric and the other metrics is also much larger on categories like "Hard surface"- and "Complex" models. When using the less common regression techniques, MSDM2 has the worst correlation, and Chamfer Distance correlates the best.  When comparing the results from the two datasets, Simplygon's own reducer seem to have a greater correlation with the MSDM2 metric. There was no clear difference in scores for the other metrics.  The end result is that one metric is not always the best metric. The type of model, and the simplification algorithm used to create the LOD, can both affect the result. The evaluation technique also changes the result.

The main aim of this task deals with analysis of the possibility of valuing building budgets in the building information model (BIM). The work is divided into two parts. The first, research part, presents the necessary definitions and concepts, such as definitions of BIM, LOD, CDE, which are needed for working with (BIM) software. The second, practical part, analyses possible ways to determine building budgets using the building information model on one building, which was modeled in the student version of Graphisoft ArchiCAD 24.

I samband med kommande klimatförändringar kommer antalet skyfall och perioder av torka att öka i världen vilket i sin tur ställer större krav på städers dagvattenhantering. Ett sätt att förbättra dagvattenhanteringen är att införa vattenåteranvändning i byggnader. Syftet med detta arbete är därför att utreda olika referensobjekt inom Norden som planerar att införa denna sorts teknik, eller som redan etablerat tekniken på marknaden. Arbetet ämnar även att utforska olika driftrelaterade frågor samt utreda vilken teknik som är mest lönsam utifrån faktorerna effektiv återvinning av dagvatten, projektkostnad samt poänggivande möjligheter inom olika miljöcertifieringssystem. För att besvara de formulerade frågeställningarna utfördes fem intervjuer baserat på en semistrukturerad intervjuteknik med individer insatta i de olika referensobjekten. Därutöver granskades ett flertal dokument som införskaffats från de olika företagen, både från intervjuobjekten men även från andra inblandade. En modell i programmeringsprogrammet MATLAB togs fram för att beräkna antalet dagar då det insamlade dagvattnet täcker behovet i byggnaderna övriga beräkningar gjordes i Excel där data inhämtats från SMHI:s hemsida över historisk data. Efter vidare undersökning framkom det att det inom Norden finns fem aktuella projekt varav ett är i projekteringsfasen, ett i byggnadsfasen och tre är i drift. Sergelhuset i Stockholm är det största projektet sett till takyta. Huset försörjer systemet flest antal dagar av året med tillräckligt dagvattenmängd för att täcka upp det dagliga vattenbehovet i byggnaden. Citypassagen i Örebro bedömdes vara minst kostnadseffektivt då projektet hade högst kostnader samtidigt som byggnaden hade minst antal dagvattenförsörjningsdagar. Då information saknas för Skanskas huvudkontor och Humlehuset kunde dessa referensobjekt inte jämföras på likartat sätt. Det framkom även att det vanligaste förekommande miljöcertifieringssystemet var LEED som tillämpats inom både Sergelhuset, Celsius och Skanskas huvudkontor. Samtliga projekt har ambitioner om att nå den högsta nivån, platinum, främst på grund av kommersiella skäl. Citypassagen hade ansökt om Miljöbyggnad och beräknas att certifieras enligt näst högsta nivån - Silver. / Due to future climate change, the number of downpours and periods of drought will increase which in turn will put greater demands on urban stormwater management. One way to improve stormwater management is to implement water recycling in buildings. The purpose of this essay is therefore to investigate projects in the Nordic region who are planning to implement this kind of technology or already have implemented it. The essay also aims to explore various connected operational issues and see which technology is most profitable based on the factors; efficient stormwater recycling, project cost and the possibility to give points in different environmental certification systems. In order to fulfil the purpose of the essay, five interviews were conducted based on a semi-structured interview technique with individuals familiar with the projects. In addition, several documents collected from the same individuals and others involved were also examined. A model in the programming software MATLAB was generated to enable calculation of the number of days the buildings were able to provide the storm water system with a volume of rainwater large enough to cover the daily need. Other calculations were performed in Excel where data over downpour has been obtained from SMHI’s website over historical data. Only five current projects could be found within the Nordic region, one of which is in the planning phase, one in the construction phase and three are in operation. Sergelhuset in Stockholm is the largest project based to roof area. The building provides the stormwater system with rainwater large enough to cover the water requirement during the highest number of days. Citypassagen in Örebro was the least cost-effective since the project had the highest costs while at the same time it had the least number of water supply days, only 69 days of the year the system was provided only with rainwater. Skanska's head office and Humlehuset were not included in the comparison since essential information was missing. It also emerged that the most common environmental certification system was LEED, which was used in both Sergelhuset, Celsius and Skanska's head office. All projects have ambitions to reach the highest level, platinum, mainly because of commercial reasons. Citypassagen has applied for Miljöbyggnad - level Silver.

<p>In 2021, an estimated 1.5 million people were diagnosed with HIV globally, increasing the total to 38.4 million people. Approximately 16% of this population were unaware of their infected status and required HIV testing, which is a critical first step in HIV prevention, treatment, and care. Hence, there is a need to develop a rapid, user-friendly, and cost-effective point-of-care test for HIV detection. The time between HIV infection and a detectable host HIV antibody concentration can extend up to 90 days. By incorporating more sensitive testing for the HIV p24 antigen on the virus, the diagnosis lag can be reduced to 17 days. This window could be further shortened by using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme as a signal enhancement technique. The work herein focuses on developing an enzymatically signal-enhanced lateral flow assay test for the p24 antigen to detect HIV during the acute phase of infection. Conjugation chemistry for the sandwich assay was characterized using DLS and UV-Vis. Dot blots were then used to assess and enhance the functionality of the individual components via a visual color gradient formed by the protein coupled with antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles. A quantitative analysis was performed using ImageJ software through signal pixel intensity analysis. A limit of detection (LoD) of 6 ng/mL was obtained for the detection of the p24 antigen. This LoD was improved to 0.2 ng/mL by incorporating HRP signal enhancement with the diaminobenzidine substrate. This 30x signal improvement could drive down the LoD even further to improve the sensitivity of the commercial p24 antigen tests. Different fabrication and scalability studies were performed to produce a cost- efficient, fully functional prototype of a paper-based lateral flow device incorporating the signal- enhanced p24 assay. This study serves as a solid foundation to research focused on creating more efficient point-of-care tests that can be used in resource-limited settings to provide early detection of HIV for the 6 million individuals who are currently unaware of their HIV status. </p>

Urbanisering och klimatförändringar i form av intensivare nederbörd är idag tvåproblemområden som båda påverkar hur samhället hanterar dagvatten, särskilt när dekombineras. Syftet med denna uppsats är därmed att undersöka hur dessa aspekter påverkar dagvattenhanteringen och vad som händer när det går fel vid planering och byggnation. Utöver det är målet att försöka identifiera områden som riskerar översvämmas på grund av detta. Till hjälp har en litteraturstudie gjorts samt platsbesök, intervjuer och analysering av flertalet kartor. Arbetet handlar om och utgår från Gustavslund, ett område i Vallentuna kommun. Här har det kommit fram att vid byggnation har dagvattnet inte hanterats korrekt och lett till översvämningar på äldre fastigheter. Dagvattensystemet och dess utloppspunkter är i grunden det störstaproblemet. Det beror delvis på felaktig planering från början i samband med lösningar som inte fungerat, men även dåligt ansvarstagande från kommunens sida. Vid planeringen utgicks det från att vardera fastighet skulle ta hand om vattnet själva med hjälp av lokalt omhändertagande av dagvatten (LOD), men detta har inte genomförts. Dagvattnet leds till ett fåtal fastigheter där det i dagsläget har svårt att föras vidare. Detta är på grund av klena trummor under närliggande väg som lutar fel samt ett pumpsystem och diken med dålig kapacitet. Även ledningar, både privata och gemensamma, med dålig prestanda bidrar till problematiken. Baserat påGustavslund kan ett par slutsatser dras i ett försök att identifiera liknande riskområden.Indikationer kan innebära bland annat att privata ledningar finns som inte kan hantera mängden vatten eller att stora höjdskillnader förekommer och leder till naturliga vattensamlingar ibostadsområden. Förhoppningarna med denna rapport är att snabbare hitta problemområden och åtgärda dessa innan problem med översvämningar uppstår. / Urbanization and climate change in the shape of more intense rainfall are today two problematic areas that both affect how society handles stormwater, especially when they are combined. The purpose of this essay is to examine how these two aspects contribute to stormwatermanagement and what happens when it goes poorly when planning and building. On top of that the goal is to identify areas that risk flooding because of this. To help with this a literature study has been done as well as a site visit, interviews and analysis of several maps. This study isabout and based upon Gustavslund, an area within Vallentuna municipality. It’s been known that the stormwater treatment when building here has not been done correctly which has led tofloodings at older properties. The system for run-off water and its outlet points is mainly the biggest problem. This is partly due to poor planning in combination with solutions that did not work, but also bad responsibility taking from the municipality. When planning it was assumedthat each household was to handle the run-off water on their own, but this has not been done. The water ends up on a few properties where it can barely keep going. This is because of feeble road drums turned the wrong way but also a pump system and ditches with low capacity. Also pipelines, both private and communal, with poor dimensions contribute to the problem. Based on Gustavslund, a few conclusions can be drawn to try and identify similar areas at risk.Indications can for instance involve private pipes that cannot handle the amount of water or big height differences in the terrain that leads to places where water gathers naturally in residential areas. Hopefully this report will help find these problematic areas faster and remedy thesebefore problems with flooding occur.