Esta dissertação de mestrado apresenta o desenvolvimento de umindicador para quantificar o nível de convergência de tecnologias e procedimentos relativos ao Prontuário Digital de Pacientes (PDP) em instituições de saúde. Apresenta um estudo evolutivo do tradicional prontuário em papel e o prontuário eletrônico de pacientes, considerando as tecnologias, a integração e interoperabilidade, com as modernas tecnologias digitais e de mobilidade. A abrangência de sua utilização extrapola o simples uso na área médica e hospitalar, contribuindo com todos os procedimentos e processos para o segmento de saúde. O trabalho desenvolve um conjunto de métricas considerando componentes como o perfil da instituição de saúde, fatores influenciadores da convergência, os ambientes de saúde aplicáveis, os vários procedimentos e processos de saúde e as funcionalidades de software. Estes cinco componentes do indicador denominado de ICOTECH Indicador de Convergência de Tecnologias e Procedimentos em Prontuário Digital de Pacientes constituem-se por 205 métricas analisadas com mais de 113 variáveis. Estas combinações são quantificadas por meio de algoritmo ICOTECH, comparando-se os valores médios do último período anual, o valor atual e o padrão de mercado conhecido. O resultado representa um indicador inédito ICOTECH calculado por métrica, componente e final permitindo aos tomadores de decisão o estabelecimento de metas a serem atingidas, além de análise de desempenho de competividade em relação aos padrões de mercado. / This dissertation presents the development of an indicator to quantify the level of convergence of technologies and procedures for Patient Digital Health Record (PDP) in health care settings. It presents an evolutionary study of traditional paper records and electronic medical records of patients, considering the technology, integration and interoperability with modern digital technologies and mobility. This work also provides subsidies to decision makers in the optimization of investments and analysis of medical procedures compared to industry standards. Its importance for public health policies, education, improvements in social welfare, scientific research, providing information and optimizing resources is analyzed to the fullest extent of the application of PDP. The scope of its use goes beyond the simple use in the medical and hospital sector, accounting for all procedures and processes for the healthcare segment. While increases its complexity provides more feedback information and data recorded in the PDP. In this sense, the paper develops a set of metrics considering components such as the profile of the health institution, the influencing factors convergence, healthcare environments applicable, the various procedures and health processes and software features. These five components of the indicator called ICOTECH Convergence indicator Technologies and Procedures in Patients Digital medical records are constituted by 205 metrics and analyzed more than 113 variables. These combinations are quantified through ICOTECH algorithm, comparing the average values of the last annual period, the current value and the standard of known market. The result represents a ICOTECH indicator calculated by meter, component and end allowing decision makers to establish goals to be achieved, and competitiveness analysis of performance in relation to industry standards.

Nesta tese, são focalizados o site do canal televisivo infantil por assinatura Discovery Kids e, mais especificamente, os artigos postados na seção My Kids - Conectados com seus filhos. O estudo objetivou indicar “pedagogias” colocadas em operação nesses artigos voltadas ao gerenciamento das atitudes das crianças a cujas mães e pais está endereçada a seção My Kids. A tese foi desenvolvida sob inspiração dos Estudos Culturais em Educação em sua vertente pós-estruturalista. Os procedimentos metodológicos para a organização do estudo envolveram o mapeamento de temas e dos propósitos abordados nos mais de 200 artigos coletados na seção My Kids, durante os anos de 2012, 2013 e 2014. Constatou-se que esses artigos focalizam uma grande diversidade de temáticas, bem como de representações de crianças, algumas das quais foram abordadas neste estudo a partir de quatro categorias principais: Formando crianças potentes, inteligentes e Geniais; Atentando para o desenvolvimento de crianças felizes e bem-sucedidas; Bebês turbinados: musicais, leitores e com pendores para a matemática; e, por fim, Ensinando crianças manhosas, sem limites e malcriadas. Essas representações de crianças são (re)criadas nas pedagogias acionadas nos artigos da My Kids (e nas outras seções do site) em um mix de lições que descrevem, exemplificam, explicam, delimitam e projetam condutas desejáveis paras as crianças que vivem nos dias atuais. As considerações feitas nos artigos examinados projetam a “felicidade” das crianças para o futuro Geralmente, as informações/prescrições contidas nos artigos explicitavam a necessidade de enquadrarem-se as crianças em modelos que permitam o desenvolvimento de suas “múltiplas potencialidades” desde os primeiros meses de vida. Por isso, pais e mães devem exercer uma constante vigilância sobre seus filhos para que possam identificar potencialidades e capacitálos a ter um futuro promissor. Além do site estudado, há uma gama de ações processadas sob a marca Discovery Kids: o canal televisivo, as redes sociais na Internet e uma quantidade de produtos licenciados pela mascote Doki, além das programações itinerantes realizadas em shoppings, no litoral e em outros locais públicos. Todos esses empreendimentos aglutinados integram o Complexo Kids, que envolve crianças e seus familiares em torno de um diversificado conjunto de eventos/propostas que “harmonizam” entretenimento, informação e incentivo ao consumo. Enfim, neste estudo, o Complexo Kids foi caracterizado como uma pedagogia cultural acionada por uma grande corporação midiática para mobilizar crianças, mães e pais, por meio da My Kids, em direção a determinadas práticas e compreensões em uma ampla gama de questões particulares, afeitas ao mundo contemporâneo (infantil), tão marcado pela disseminação de variados dispositivos digitais e pelo consumo. No caso do site estudado, tal pedagogia efetuou-se em um recorte temporal relativamente efêmero, mas, como o site se atrela a um complexo midiático, tal efeito permanece potente, propaga-se e retroalimenta-se, mesmo que de outros modos, em função da cultura da convergência (JENKINS, 2009). / This thesis focuses on the website of the cable television channel Discovery Kids and, more specifically, on the articles posted in the section called My Kids - Connected with your children. The study aims to point out “pedagogies” operating in those articles and intended to manage the behavior of children whose parents the section is addressed to. The thesis has relied on the Cultural Studies from their post-structuralist perspective. The methodological procedures guiding the study have involved the mapping of themes and purposes approached in more than 200 articles in the My Kids section along the years of 2012, 2013 and 2014. The articles addressed a wide range of topics and representations of children, some of which have been divided into four main categories in this study: a) Powerful, intelligent, bright children; b) Happy, successful children; c) “Upgraded” babies: keen on music, reading and mathematics; d) Peevish, badly-behaved, naughty children. Such representations of children were (re)created in pedagogies triggered in My Kids articles (and in other sections as well) in a combination of lessons that describe, exemplify, explain, delimit and project desirable conducts for today’s children. The examined articles projected children’s happiness for the future. In general, information/advice found in the articles highlighted the need of having children to fit into models that would enable them to develop their “multiple potentialities” since the first months of their lives This thesis focuses on the website of the cable television channel Discovery Kids and, more specifically, on the articles posted in the section called My Kids - Connected with your children. The study aims to point out “pedagogies” operating in those articles and intended to manage the behavior of children whose parents the section is addressed to. The thesis has relied on the Cultural Studies from their post-structuralist perspective. The methodological procedures guiding the study have involved the mapping of themes and purposes approached in more than 200 articles in the My Kids section along the years of 2012, 2013 and 2014. The articles addressed a wide range of topics and representations of children, some of which have been divided into four main categories in this study: a) Powerful, intelligent, bright children; b) Happy, successful children; c) “Upgraded” babies: keen on music, reading and mathematics; d) Peevish, badly-behaved, naughty children. Such representations of children were (re)created in pedagogies triggered in My Kids articles (and in other sections as well) in a combination of lessons that describe, exemplify, explain, delimit and project desirable conducts for today’s children. The examined articles projected children’s happiness for the future. In general, information/advice found in the articles highlighted the need of having children to fit into models that would enable them to develop their “multiple potentialities” since the first months of their lives.

O desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias transformou a cultura material da nossa sociedade em fins do século XX. Em meio a essas mudanças, a informação passou a ser um produto amplamente comercializado. Nesse contexto, a convergência digital surgiu como um novo paradigma comunicacional, artístico e de distribuição. Uma obra transmídia, fruto da convergência digital, é aquela que explora diferentes plataformas e mídias, as quais se relacionam e formam uma rede em que o espectador-usuário pode navegar por amplos universos narrativos. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a construção da estética na obra transmídia The Walking Dead por meio de uma abordagem semiótica. Para isso, em um primeiro momento, aproximamos o conceito de semiosfera, desenvolvido por Iuri Lotman, ao conceito de sistema transmídia, de modo a demonstrar que ambos se comportam como espaços geradores de semiose entre as diferentes linguagens que os compõem. Nossa análise começa com a averiguação de como se deu a tradução dos quadrinhos -- mídia que deu início ao sistema -- para a série televisiva. Para isso, tomamos como base as obras de Julio Plaza, Haroldo de Campos, Roman Jakobson e Décio Pignatari. Nosso objetivo é identificar os textos semióticos que se modelizam em todo o sistema transmídia, construindo sua identidade estética. Identificamos os elementos de matriz modelizante a partir da sintaxe cinematográfica, com base nos estudos de Nöel Burch, Gilles Deleuze, Ismail Xavier, entre outros. O universo narrativo de The Walking Dead é construído por meio de quadrinhos, livros, séries televisivas, web serie, podcasts, aplicativos de segunda tela e de realidade expandida, videogames etc. Por se tratar de um sistema transmídia muito amplo, optamos por analisar, além dos quadrinhos e da série televisiva, outros meios que são definidos pela linguagem audiovisual: a web serie e os videogames The Walking Dead, da Telltale Games, e The Walking Dead: Survival Instinct, da Terminal Reality. Nossa pesquisa vai além das questões relacionadas às estratégias comerciais e narrativas, detendo-se na elaboração da identidade estética do sistema transmídia e concluindo que ela não é aleatória, mas definida pela modelização de textos semióticos. / The development of new technologies transformed society\'s material culture by the end of the 20th century. In the midst of these changes, information has become a widely marketed product. In this context, digital convergence emerged as a new communication, artistic and distribution paradigm. Transmedia storytelling, a result of digital convergence, explores different platforms and medias, which are interrelated and form a web where user-spectator can navigate through broad narrative universes. Thus, the objective of this work is to analyze the construction of the aesthetic identity in The Walking Dead through a semiotic approach. Firstly, we compare the concept of semiosphere, developed by Iuri Lotman, with the concept of transmedia in order to demonstrate that both behave as spaces where different languages are in semiosis. Then, we analyze how the translation between symbolic language of comics - media that started the narrative universe of The Walking Dead - and television occurred. For this, we build our analysis on Julio Plaza, Haroldo de Campos, Roman Jakobson and Décio Pignatari\'s theories. Our goal is to identify semiotic texts that are modeled throughout the transmedia universe, building their aesthetic identity. The modeling elements are identified from the cinematographic syntax, based on the studies of Nöel Burch, Gilles Deleuze, Ismail Xavier, among others. The narrative universe of The Walking Dead is explored through comics, books, television series, web series, podcasts, second screen and expanded reality applications, video games, etc. Because it is a very broad media web, we have chosen to analyze, in addition to the comics and television series, The Walking Dead web series and video games, from Telltale Games and Terminal Reality. We intend to demonstrate that discussions about transmedia storytelling go far beyond commercial distribution strategies or narrative aspects. We plan to investigate the development of its aesthetic identity and to propose that it is not random, but it is defined by the modeling of semiotic texts.

Esse trabalho analisa a presença da publicidade brasileira manifestada nas ações de seis marcas que usufruem do consumo simultâneo entre televisão e smartphones durante a transmissão de eventos esportivos no ano de 2018. O objetivo é estudar o potencial comunicativo dessas marcas em ambiente convergente, identificando as possibilidades interativas e de expressividade marcária, bem como as interferências dos consumidores na construção das mensagens. Inicialmente, a nossa pesquisa faz um panorama sobre os autores que defendem a centralidade do consumo na pós-modernidade na intenção de posicionar a publicidade como mediadora das práticas sociais e de formação identitária. Paralelamente, destacamos os impactos da cultura digital no consumo, chegando até o consumo midiático e o consumo midiatizado a fim de compreendermos a presença das mídias na vida cotidiana. Este último, inaugura a problematização sobre a apropriação do consumo simultâneo de televisão e smartphones pela publicidade, discutindo o emprego do termo \"segunda tela\" durante os últimos anos e posicionando o fenômeno comunicacional dentro da lógica de \"consumo midiatizado simultâneo\" embasado nos estudos de midiatização. A partir disso, avançamos para a discussão sobre a complexidade da publicidade contemporânea em meio ao trânsito de conteúdos na circulação midiática, reforçando o papel ativo dos consumidores e a necessidade de narrativas transmídias aliadas ao entretenimento. Após amplo percurso teórico, os critérios estabelecidos na análise de conteúdo permitiram a redução de 45 marcas para um corpus empírico composto pelas marcas Heineken, Lay\'s, Adidas, Itaú, Guaraná Antarctica e Vivo, distribuídas em dois jogos de futebol: a final da UEFA Champions League no dia 26 de maio e a estreia do Brasil na Copa do Mundo no dia 14 de junho. Neste contexto, foram analisados semioticamente os filmes publicitários veiculados pelas seis marcas no intervalo comercial da televisão e os conteúdos publicados em paralelo no aplicativo Instagram. Os resultados obtidos revelam a necessidade de experiência colateral do público para a interpretação das campanhas, a predileção pela formação de interpretantes emocionais durante os jogos e, por fim, apontam para um protagonismo televisivo nos esforços de produção, ainda que as marcas também apresentem iniciativas criativas na rede social. / This work analyzes the presence of brazilian advertisement as manifested through the actions taken by six different brands, which used the simultaneous consumption between television and smartphones during the broadcasting of sports events in 2018. The aim is to study the communicative potential of those brands when in a convergent environment, identifying the interactive possibilities and brand expressiveness, as well as the interference of consumers in the construction of messages. Initially, our research brings forth an overview of the authors who defend the centrality of consumption in postmodernity, in order to position advertising as a mediator of social practices and identitarian formation. At the same time, we highlight the impacts of digital culture on consumption, reaching up to media consumption and the mediatization of consumption in order to understand the presence of media in everyday life. The latter inaugurates the problematizing on the appropriation of the simultaneous consumption of television and smartphones by advertisement, discussing the use of the term \"second screen\" during the last years and positioning the communicational phenomenon within the logic of \"simultaneous mediated consumption\" based on mediatization studies. From this, we move on to the discussion about the complexity of contemporary advertising in the between the traffic of content in the media circulation, reinforcing the active role of consumers and the need for transmissive narratives combined with entertainment. After a broad theoretical path, the criteria established in the content analysis allowed the reduction of 45 brands to an empirical corpus composed of by the brands Heineken, Lay\'s, Adidas, Itaú, Guaraná Antarctica and Vivo, distributed in two football matches: the UEFA Champions League final on 26 May and Brazil\'s World Cup debut on 14 June. In this context, the publicity films transmitted by the six brands in the television commercial range and the content published in parallel in the Instagram application were analyzed semiotically. The results show the need for an evaluation of the public\'s collateral experience in order to interpret the campaigns, the predilection for the formation of emotional interpretants during the games and, finally, they point to a televisual protagonism in the efforts of production, although the brands also presented creative initiatives in their social networks.

A pesquisa estuda as inter-relações entre as transformações tecnológicas, comunicativas e socioculturais do rádio, dinamizadas pela cultura digital e a convergência da mídia no rádio na internet e as transformações (comunicacionais, socioculturais e tecnológicas) das sociedades no contexto da cibercultura. Interessa-se por identificar as mudanças na natureza e características do meio; na sua linguagem e formas de narrar; em seus polos de produção, difusão, e consumo, em seus novos usos culturais, interações e interatividades, hipoteticamente surgidas entre os atores do processo. Analisa as metamorfoses nas premissas clássicas do rádio e as dimensões de seu percurso, que não tem sido só de dispositivo senão de caráter estrutural e relacional, entre objeto técnico, tecnicidade, mediação comunicacional e sociedade; para interpretar suas configurações históricas de sentido. Trata-se de uma pesquisa mista: bibliográfica, com revisão de textos teóricos relacionados com o tema, e de pesquisa de campo, com o seguimento de cinco casos de programas de rádio com existência em suportes multiplataforma. O método de pesquisa, implica em uma perspectiva fenomenológica, que considera a observação atenta dos programas de rádio selecionados. São exemplos de fenômenos de imagens sonoras e imagens visuais, em transmissões por sinais hertzianas e via Internet, para posteriormente realizar sua descrição e análise. Seguiram-se pautas Netnográficas já que os sites das emissoras envolvem componentes de cibercultura. / This research studies the interrelations between technological, communicational and sociocultural transformations in the rádio-- stimulated by the digital culture and the media convergence in the internet-- and in societies, in a context of cyberculture. The intention is to identify changes in the nature and characteristics of that media, in its language and ways of narrating and its poles of production, diffusion, and consumption. At the same time, the work aims to identify changes in cultural uses of the rádio and in interactions and interactivities among actors in the process. Metamorphoses of classical premises of the rádio are also analyzed, as well as the dimensions of its course, in order to interpret their historical configurations of meaning. The work presents a review of theoretical texts related to the subject and a field research consisting in the follow-up of five cases of rádio programs with existence in multi-platform supports. The research method implies a phenomenological perspective, which considers the attentive observation of the selected rádio programs. They are examples of phenomena of sound and visual images, transmitted by hertzian signals and via Internet. A description and analysis of them are carried out. Netnographic guidelines are followed due to the fact that the sites of the stations involve components of cyberculture.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo, no contexto da implantação da TV Digital no Brasil, promover uma reflexão sobre o conceito de interatividade na sociedade contemporânea e, considerando as possibilidades dos novos suportes tecnológicos, contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novos formatos e conteúdos de produtos audiovisuais que, de fato, contribuam para a democratização da comunicação. Para tanto, realiza uma revisão bibliográfica que busca não só um embasamento teórico, mas também referendar a argumentação de que o conceito de interatividade sofre um processo de banalização e necessita ser depurado. A partir disso é apresentado um quadro sobre o conceito que ressalta a existência de uma diversidade de terminologias e definições. O projeto, em particular, faz a opção pelas caracterizações como reativa e mútua para interação mediada por computador e as usa num estudo de caso de programas interativos para televisão digital brasileira. Além disso, descreve vários outros aspectos técnicos que envolvem a estruturação de documentos hipermídia com o intuito de enveredar pelos caminhos da informática e suas concepções, já que isso passa a interferir sobremaneira nos processos produtivos audiovisuais. O resultado dessa trajetória não é conclusivo, assim como não parecem ser quaisquer estudos relacionados aos impactos do paradigma digital sobre os meios de comunicação, mas, de certo, explora as intersecções existentes entre TV e Interatividade, questões-chave que refletem as inquietações desta dissertação. / This work aims to, in the context of the implementation of the digital TV in Brazil, promote reflexion on the concept of interactivity in current society, and, by considering the possibilities created by new technological supports, to contribute to the development of new formats and contents of hypermedia documents that truly contribute to the democratization of communication. In order to do that it carries out bibligraphic review which pursues not only theoretical support but also validation of the argument that the concept of interactivity goes through a process of banalization and needs depurating. Upon this is built a picture of the concept that stresses an existing diversity of terminology and definitions. The project itself opts for the characterizations of computer mediated interaction as reactive and mutual and use them in a case study of interactive programs for Brazilian digital television In addition to this it describes many other technical aspects involving the structuring of hypermedia documents, aiming to move through the paths of informatics and its concepts since this interferes meaningfully in the audiovisual productive processes. This journey leads to no-conclusive results, just as other studies related to the impacts of digital paradigm to the means of communication do not either, but it certainly explores the intersections that exist between TV and interactivity key questions that reflect the questioning of this dissertation.

Economia / MASTERS IN ECONOMICS / The relationship between patents and R&D involves different levels besides the ones most obvious to us. Throughout the history of economics, patents have arisen as the core of a system of incentives to private pursue of R&D investments, providing the mechanism that guaranteed the appropriability of the output of the knowledge produced. The seminal work of Romer (1990) demonstrated the need to develop a system to assure the necessary return on innovative efforts and thus privately sustain a model of continuous technological improvement and economic growth. Patenting would result in imperfect competition and legally establish the monopoly over the use of the knowledge produced. This led to patents being perceived as an intermediate output of R&D efforts. Though this relationship has been subject of intensive study by economists, the reverse causality issue remains to be thoroughly analyzed, particularly in a negative sense. Can more patents have a negative effect on R&D investment? In the present thesis we address this question, synthesizing the theoretical and empirical studies concerning both the conventional R&D-patents relationship and the reverse causality, in particular, the potential for a negative impact of patents over R&D. The theoretical survey on this issue uncovered several gaps in the literature, specifically in terms of availability of empirical analysis at the country level. Despite the literature on reverse causality direction being scarce; the macroeconomic perspective on this issue is even more unexplored. In fact, there is no evidence that ruled out the possibility of asymmetric effects of patents on R&D in accordance to the level of GDP and technology in general, and to `convergence clubs in particular. Using panel data econometric estimation methods on a sample of 88 countries, over a eight-year period (1996-2003), and controlling for clubs of convergence to account for differences among countries in stages of economic development, we found mix support to the negativity of patent on R&D investment. Stratifying the sample by convergence clubs we obtain that accumulated patents positively impact on R&D intensity for the set of less developed countries whereas no statistically significant effect emerges in the case of higher developed converge clubs. Interestingly, when we restrict the highest developed convergence club down to countries with a R&D intensity above 3%, the negativity reverse causality arises, corroborating the asymmetric impact of patents on R&D investment depending on countries development and technological stage. Finally, we demonstrate that albeit causality appears to be stronger in the most intuitive appealing traditional direction, there is evidence supporting the theoretical conveyed double causality between R&D and Patent. JEL-codes: O31, O34

<div>Multi-model inference covers a wide range of modern statistical applications such as variable selection, model confidence set, model averaging and variable importance.</div><div>The performance of multi-model inference depends on the availability of candidate models, whose quality has been rarely studied in literature. In this dissertation, we study genetic algorithm (GA) in order to obtain high-quality candidate models. Inspired by the process of natural selection, GA performs genetic operations such as selection, crossover and mutation iteratively to update a collection of potential solutions (models) until convergence. The convergence properties are studied based on the Markov chain theory and used to design an adaptive termination criterion that vastly reduces the computational cost. In addition, a new schema theory is established to characterize how the current model set is improved through evolutionary process. Extensive numerical experiments are carried out to verify our theory and demonstrate the empirical power of GA, and new findings are obtained for two real data examples. </div>

Towing-tank experiments are performed for a surface combatant as it undergoes static and dynamic planar motion mechanism maneuvers in calm water. The data includes global forces/moment/motions and phase-averaged local flow-fields, and uncertainty assessment. The geometry is DTMB model 5512, which is a 1/46.6 scale geosym of DTMB model 5415, with L = 3.048 m. The experiments are performed in a 3.048 × 3.048 × 100 m towing tank. The measurement system features a custom designed planar motion mechanism, a towed stereoscopic particle image velocimetry system, a Krypton contactless motion tracker, and a 6-component loadcell. The forces/moment and UA are conducted in collaboration with two international facilities (FORCE and INSEAN), including test matrix and overlapping tests using the same model geometry but with different scales. Quality of the data is assessed by monitoring the statistical convergence, including tests for randomness, stationarity, and normality. Uncertainty is assessed following the ASME Standards (1998 and 2005). Hydrodynamic derivatives are determined from the forces/moment data by using the Abkowitz (1966) mathematical model, with two different 'Multiple-Run (MR)' and 'Single-Run (SR)' methods. The results for reconstructions of the forces/moment indicate that usually the MR method is more accurate than the SR. Comparisons are made of the hydrodynamic derivatives across different facilities. The scale effect is small for sway derivatives, whereas considerable for yaw derivatives. Heave, pitch, and roll motions exhibit cross-coupling between the motions and forces and moment data, as expect based on ship motions theory. Hydrodynamic derivatives are compared between different mount conditions. Linear derivatives values are less sensitive to the mounting conditions, whereas the non-linear derivatives are considerably different. Phase-averaged flowfield results indicate maneuvering-induced vortices and their interactions with the turbulent boundary layer. The tests are sufficiently documented and detailed so as to be useful as benchmark EFD data for CFD validation.

Iterative methods have been a very important area of study in numerical analysis since the inception of computational science. Their use ranges from solving algebraic equations to systems of differential equations and many more. In this thesis, we discuss several iterative methods, however our main focus is Newton's method. We present a detailed study of Newton's method, its order of convergence and the asymptotic error constant when solving problems of various types as well as analyze several pitfalls, which can affect convergence. We also pose some necessary and sufficient conditions on the function f for higher order of convergence. Different acceleration techniques are discussed with analysis of the asymptotic behavior of the iterates. Analogies between single variable and multivariable problems are detailed. We also explore some interesting phenomena while analyzing Newton's method for complex variables.