A investigação elucida noções que estão no centro das considerações de Rousseau acerca da educação do infante e das estreitas relações que o autor aponta entre as experiências das primeiras etapas de sua formação física moral e toda a sua vida. Entre as afirmações importantes de Rousseau sobre o assunto, a presente investigação destaca as que seguem: a educação do infante está diretamente vinculada a sua formação moral para o exercício da autonomia e da autenticidade durante toda a sua vida; a educação deve se preocupar primeiramente com o desenvolvimento físico, depois das relações com as coisas, a fim de aperfeiçoar os sentidos e perceber as utilidades das coisas, assim o homem fortalece a si mesmo e mantém o ritmo da natureza; o acompanhamento do preceptor tem por objetivo apoiar o desenvolvimento físico e sensorial do infante, protegendo-o contra a imposição de preconceitos e de vícios sociais; o infante, antes dos 18 anos, não tem necessidade de entender e de se envolver na complexidade da vida social; o preceptor precisa dirigir as oportunidades, os objetos e os locais para um fim educativo, acompanhando cada situação para que a criança faça suas próprias experiências e elabore seus próprios conhecimentos; os homens são moldados pela educação, cuja adequação e correção deles mesmos depende. / 59 f.

Sabemos que a querela entre Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) e Jean-Philippe Rameau (1683-1764) está sujeita a diferentes leituras, cujo interesse muitas vezes foi reduzido a um curioso anedotário ou a uma disputa produzida tão somente pelos humores de ambos. Nesta pesquisa, contudo, para além do relato biográfico e das conjecturas sobre as causas da rivalidade entre Rousseau e Rameau, intentamos priorizar uma análise que buscasse balizar os posicionamentos estéticos de um e outro, com ênfase nos argumentos expostos por Rousseau em sua contraposição ao sistema harmônico de Rameau. Ao longo deste debate, entendemos que, ao esquadrinhar e, posteriormente, criticar os escritos de Rameau, Rousseau teria encontrado ideias extraordinariamente férteis que favoreceram o desenvolvimento de seu pensamento musical. Para sustentar a tese da preeminência da melodia sobre a harmonia, assim contrariando os princípios do sistema ramista, o autor da maior parte dos verbetes sobre música da Enciclopédia, da Carta sobre a música francesa e do Dicionário de música, jamais deixaria de se referir ao sistema harmônico de seu rival. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender a querela Rousseau-Rameau sob este aspecto, assim como apontar a relação da disputa assinalada com inflamados debates que também estiveram em pauta na França da segunda metade do século XVIII, a exemplo da Querela dos Bufões. Para tanto, além de examinar aspectos pontuais dos escritos musicais já mencionados, cotejando-os com alguns dos principais textos da vasta obra teórica de Rameau, procuramos nos deter na análise do texto de Rousseau intitulado Exame de dois princípios avançados pelo Sr. Rameau, cuja tradução apresentamos em anexo. / We know that the quarrel between Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) and Jean- Philippe Rameau (1683-1764) is subject to different readings, whose interest has often been reduced to a curious collection of anecdotes or to a dispute produced only by the humors of both. In this research, however, beyond the biography and the conjectures about the causes of the rivalry between Rousseau and Rameau, we aim to prioritize an analysis that sought to mark the aesthetic positioning of one and the other, with emphasis on Rousseaus arguments as opposed to the harmonic system of Rameau. Throughout this debate, we understand that Rousseau, by scrutinizing and later criticizing Rameaus writings, would have found extraordinarily fertile ideas that favored the development of his musical thinking. To support the thesis of the preeminence of melody over harmony, thus contradicting the principles of the Rameaus system, the author of most of the articles on music at the Diderots Encyclopedia, of the Letter on French Music, and the Dictionary of Music, would never fail to refer to the harmonic system of his rival. The present research aims to understand the quarrel between Rousseau and Rameau in this aspect, as well as to point out the relationship of this dispute with inflamed debates that also were in agenda in France during the second half of the Eighteenth-Century, like the Quarrel of the Bouffons. Therefore, in addition to examining specific aspects of the musical writings already mentioned, comparing them with some of the main texts of Rameaus vast theoretical work, we seek to focus on the analysis of Rousseaus text entitled Examination of Two Principles Advanced by M. Rameau, whose translation into Portuguese we presented attached.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-06-05T17:16:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ElieteCruz.pdf: 796051 bytes, checksum: 7d9ab748dc5369bd36b3d0f28f3f6c3c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T17:16:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ElieteCruz.pdf: 796051 bytes, checksum: 7d9ab748dc5369bd36b3d0f28f3f6c3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-31 / The main objective of this dissertation is to investigate the musical ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, thoroughly analyzing its line of argument as well as his criticism and censorship approach. Therefore, we use as a starting point the work entitled Carta sobre a música francesa. In this paper we focus our attention on the temporal aspects, analyzing the circumstances that led Rousseau to draw up the Carta. The time vector has as common respect the origin of languages and music, and how language impacts the music on the aesthetics and sound. Thus, it is essential that the approach to the subject was drawn from a historical perspective on the origin of the Italian and French operas, and on the opera features in the Age of Enlightenment. / O objetivo principal desta dissertação é investigar as concepções musicais de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, analisando detalhadamente sua linha argumentativa como também sua abordagem crítica e de censura. Para tanto, utilizamos como ponto de partida o trabalho intitulado Carta sobre a música francesa. Neste trabalho focamos nossa atenção nos aspectos temporais, analisando as circunstâncias que levaram Rousseau a elaboração da Carta. O vetor temporal tem como relação comum a origem das línguas e da música, e de como a língua impacta a música sob os aspectos estéticos e de sonoridade. Assim, tornou-se fundamental que a abordagem sobre o tema fosse elaborada a partir de uma perspectiva histórica sobre a origem das óperas italiana e francesa, e as características musicais vigentes no século das Luzes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:26:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wagner Cipriano Araujo.pdf: 654946 bytes, checksum: a45522b1ecf32005358c83c1882762cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-15 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This study aims at presenting the position in the work of Rousseau regarding the political implications of religion in the political actions of people. This presentation will be made by examining the texts of the author in which one can find a specific discussion on the topic. To reach the goal of this study, the first topic which is dealt with is the political and religious relationship amongst ancient civilizations; then one discusses the criticisms made by Rousseau to Christianity as a political form dissolved in national religions. Finally, one presents the issues proposed by the author in order to solve the contradictions presented by religious rules cited. Rousseau called his proposed solution civil religion / Este estudo busca apresentar a posição na obra de Rousseau com relação às implicações políticas da religião nas ações políticas dos povos. Essa apresentação será feita a partir do exame dos textos do autor em que podemos localizar uma discussão especifica sobre o tema. Para chegar ao objetivo, o trabalho trata primeiro da relação política e religiosa nos povos antigos; depois passamos à crítica feita por Rousseau ao cristianismo enquanto forma política dissolvida nas religiões nacionais e por fim apresentamos a saída dada pelo autor para resolver as contradições apresentadas pelas modalidades religiosas citadas. Essa solução foi chamada por ele de religião civil

This project investigates the development of four different proofs of the law of quadratic reciprocity, in order to study the critical reasoning process that drives discovery in mathematics. We begin with an examination of the first proof of this law given by Gauss. We then describe Gauss’ fourth proof of this law based on Gauss sums, followed by a look at Eisenstein’s geometric simplification of Gauss’ third proof. Finally, we finish with an examination of one of the modern proofs of this theorem published in 1991 by Rousseau. Through this investigation we aim to analyze the different strategies used in the development of each of these proofs, and in the process gain a better understanding of this theorem.

<p>"Sentimental Manipulations: Duty and Desire in the Novels of Sophie Cottin" examines four novels by Sophie Cottin, from 1798 until 1806. A forgotten but once-popular novelist, Cottin used the theme of motherhood to develop the relationship between women and desire and duty. These novels use the sentimental novel in different ways that challenge the limits of genre and confront social perceptions of motherhood. The generic transitions reveal subversive representations of women's sexuality and choice. The author's rewriting of motherhood and genre thus plays a crucial role in understanding the complex and developing notion of the sentimental novel in a period of transition after the Revolution. The eighteenth century gave rise to more structured gender divisions in society that provided little space for women's freedom outside of the patriarchal dictates of the family and motherhood. Jean-Jacques Rousseau's 1761 publication of <italic> Julie; ou la Nouvelle Héloïse</italic> and his 1762 publication of <italic> Emile; ou de l'éducation</italic> are thought to have defined social roles for women in relation to their reproductive abilities. The novel, as a site of social production, was understood to have influential moral implications and was used to confront and maintain socially accepted behavior. Mother-child depictions in literature, therefore, reveal socially acceptable behavior for women. My first chapter examines the development of motherhood as a form of social duty imposed on women. I explore the Rousseauian themes in Cottin's first sentimental epistolary novel, <italic> Claire d'Albe</italic>, published in 1978. The representation of adultery reveals the complex relationship between women's duty, virtue, and sexuality. In my second chapter, I analyze how Cottin manipulates the epistolary sentimental genre in <italic> Amélie Mansfield</italic>, published in 1802. Cottin creates narrative spaces that privilege women's expression and redefine women's choice through a violent and controversial depiction of the protagonist's suicide. I explore the social implications of the removal of the suicide scene from all publications of the novel after 1805. My third chapter examines the incorporation of elements of the travel narrative into the sentimental genre in <italic> Malvina </italic>, published in 1800, and <italic>Elisabeth; ou les exilés de Sibérie</italic>, published in 1805. Through the description of travel, I explore Cottin's representations of duty and women's education at two distinct moments in her publishing career.</p> / Dissertation

Uppsatsen behandlar gudserfarenhet och språkbruk hos Jean-Jacques Rousseau och dess likheter med pietismen. Både Rousseau och pietismen betonade människans känslor framför förnuftet, i en för övrigt förnuftsorienterad tid. De menade att människans känslor måste tillåtas komma till uttryck i trosfrågor och när de talar om hur människan erfar Gud och det gudomliga använder de liknande ord och begrepp. Studiens syfte är således att studera dessa likheter, med fokus på Rousseaus språkbruk och bildvärld.

Both Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Plato offer doctrines of the great legislator, that highly virtuous figure who designs foundational laws for a political community, in order to shed light on the problem of legislation. This problem is that positive law is incapable of achieving the ends in political life that are expected of it, even though it is understood to be the chief tool at the disposal of the lawgiver. Close consideration of Rousseau’s and Plato’s political texts reveals that both philosophers are in agreement about the limited function of positive law, insofar as its exclusive purpose is to forestall the ills of human life. But they also agree that the effectiveness of legislation requires something more: the condition of effective laws is a comprehensive system of civic education, directed primarily at the passions, through which individual human beings are turned into good citizens. Taking into account the extreme difficulty of establishing such educational institutions, both Rousseau and Plato put forward doctrines of the legislator to indicate what sort of figure could possibly accomplish this task with success. The study finds that the two philosophers’ conceptions of the legislator are by and large similar, and finally, that they both express pessimism on the capacity of laws to promote the good life.

Both Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Plato offer doctrines of the great legislator, that highly virtuous figure who designs foundational laws for a political community, in order to shed light on the problem of legislation. This problem is that positive law is incapable of achieving the ends in political life that are expected of it, even though it is understood to be the chief tool at the disposal of the lawgiver. Close consideration of Rousseau’s and Plato’s political texts reveals that both philosophers are in agreement about the limited function of positive law, insofar as its exclusive purpose is to forestall the ills of human life. But they also agree that the effectiveness of legislation requires something more: the condition of effective laws is a comprehensive system of civic education, directed primarily at the passions, through which individual human beings are turned into good citizens. Taking into account the extreme difficulty of establishing such educational institutions, both Rousseau and Plato put forward doctrines of the legislator to indicate what sort of figure could possibly accomplish this task with success. The study finds that the two philosophers’ conceptions of the legislator are by and large similar, and finally, that they both express pessimism on the capacity of laws to promote the good life.

Rousseau notoriously praises ignorance and censures learning for the moral corruption that it has inflicted upon his age, yet he admits that the arts and the sciences are good in themselves. I consider the effects of learning and knowledge on moral education, in an effort to answer the following question: What is the role of ignorance in moral education for Rousseau? While some interpreters have acknowledged his sensitivity to various groups in society with regard to moral education, none has properly systematized the different types of ignorance that Rousseau praises or identified the benefits of those types of ignorance to various individuals and societies. I distinguish the savage’s ignorance from that of Socrates and identify another important type of ignorance, the benefits of which stem from our natural sentiment and innate curiosity.