CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / This thesis aims to conduct an empirical study on Labor Economics, with the application of microeconometric techniques. We develop two independent chapters. The first chapter deals with the structure of executive compensation: specifically it tries to estimate the elasticity of executive compensation in relation to the performance of firms, measured by revenues. The estimations are carried out in two stages: at the first stage, we use crosssectional data, allowing the comparison of the annual information and at the second, we employ panel data. The main focus of this chapter is the analysis of results coming from the panel data set, because it has the advantage of eliminating the problem of unobserved heterogeneity, giving greater representativeness to the estimates. We found significant effects of the performance of local companies on the remuneration of its executives, with elasticity values similar to those obtained from studies conducted in European countries. The second chapter focuses on the analysis of strikes in Brazil, with emphasis on the impact of the 1988 Federal Constitution in its dynamics. Two different modeling exercises are conducted. The first examines the determinants of the duration of strikes by means of Cox proportional hazards model, controlling for the effects related to the size and characteristics of firms and macroeconomic indicators. The second exercise evaluates the factors that influence the final results of the demands of the strikers through the development and estimation of an ordered logistic model, controlling for size and business characteristics and duration of outages. The results show that the size of strikes is not conducive to agreement between the parties, being inversely related to duration and reducing the likelihood of meeting the demands of the strikers. Analyzing the direct relationship between duration and outcome of claims, it appears that longer strikes tend to have low probability of agreement between the parties. The study also highlights that the State of SÃo Paulo, place of beginning and development of major strike movements in Brazil, is also more conducive to settlements between workers and firms, since the strikes started on it tend to have lower durations and higher proportions of attendance of strikers claims. Regarding the main objective of the chapter, we highlighted differences in the characteristics of strikes in the post-constitutional period compared with the period before the Constitution. The results suggest that the Federal Constitution had a significant impact on the dynamics of the Brazilian strike movements, especially by expanding its regulations and giving greater bargaining power for workers. So, the legislation appears to favored agreements between parties, resulting in a trend of larger strikes and increasing the likelihood of meeting the demands of the strikers. / A presente tese tem por finalidade realizar um estudo empÃrico em Economia do Trabalho, com a aplicaÃÃo de tÃcnicas microeconomÃtricas. SÃo desenvolvidos dois capÃtulos independentes. O primeiro capÃtulo tem por objetivo verificar a estrutura de compensaÃÃo dos executivos, mais especificamente estimar a elasticidade da remuneraÃÃo em relaÃÃo ao desempenho das firmas, medido pelo faturamento. As estimaÃÃes sÃo realizadas em duas etapas: a primeira com dados transversais, permitindo a comparaÃÃo das informaÃÃes anuais e a segunda utilizando dados em painel. O foco principal deste capÃtulo à a anÃlise atravÃs de dados em painel, pois possui a vantagem de eliminar o problema da heterogeneidade nÃo observada, dando maior representatividade Ãs estimaÃÃes. Destacando a escassez de estudos brasileiros, realiza uma revisÃo de literatura internacional referente, permitindo comparar os resultados dessa pesquisa com os encontrados nos demais artigos publicados. O estudo encontra efeitos significativos do desempenho das firmas brasileiras sobre a remuneraÃÃo de seus executivos, com valores semelhantes aos obtidos por pesquisas realizadas em paÃses europeus. O segundo capÃtulo destaca a anÃlise das greves brasileiras, com Ãnfase no impacto da ConstituiÃÃo Federal de 1988 em sua dinÃmica. SÃo realizadas duas pesquisas distintas. A primeira analisa os condicionantes da duraÃÃo das paralisaÃÃes atravÃs do modelo de risco proporcional de Cox, controlando para efeitos relacionados ao tamanho e caracterÃsticas das firmas e indicadores macroeconÃmicos. A segunda pesquisa avalia os fatores que influenciam nos resultados finais das reivindicaÃÃes dos grevistas, considerando especificamente as informaÃÃes sobre as greves por motivos salariais; o estudo desenvolve uma ordenaÃÃo dos resultados dos acordos finais entre trabalhadores e empresas, possibilitando a realizaÃÃo da estimaÃÃo atravÃs do modelo logÃstico ordenado, controlando para tamanho e caracterÃsticas das empresas e duraÃÃo das paralisaÃÃes. Os resultados demonstram que o tamanho das greves nÃo à favorÃvel ao acordo entre as partes, estando inversamente relacionado com sua duraÃÃo e reduzindo a probabilidade de atendimento das solicitaÃÃes dos grevistas. Analisando a relaÃÃo entre duraÃÃo e resultados das reivindicaÃÃes, verifica-se que greves mais longas tendem a apresentar menor probabilidade de acordo entre as partes. O estudo ainda destaca que no Estado de SÃo Paulo, local de surgimento e desenvolvimento dos principais movimentos grevistas brasileiros, à tambÃm o mais favorÃvel ao entendimento entre trabalhadores e empresas, pois as paralisaÃÃes nele iniciadas tendem a ter menores duraÃÃes e maiores proporÃÃes de atendimento das reivindicaÃÃes. Em relaÃÃo ao objetivo principal do capÃtulo, sÃo evidenciadas as diferenÃas nas caracterÃsticas das greves no perÃodo pÃs-constitucional. Os resultados sugerem que a ConstituiÃÃo causou impacto significativo na organizaÃÃo dos movimentos grevistas, ampliando sua regulamentaÃÃo e dando maior poder de barganha aos trabalhadores. Assim, sÃo favorecidos os acordos entre as partes, resultando em uma tendÃncia de greves mais longas e elevando a probabilidade de atendimento das reivindicaÃÃes dos grevistas.

Work is a key component of people's lives and most people aspire to have work that is sufficient to provide a living wage so as to lift them out of poverty and social exclusion and also that is secure enough to guarantee a decent livelihood. The Decent Work Agenda has gained much popularity in recent years and proposes an approach to development that emphasizes fair and sustainable working opportunities that include principles of rights at work, social protection and social dialogue. Various issues have been raised in this study. Firstly, the decent work concept needs to be understood comprehensively as there is misconception about what the concept implies and what it can achieve. Secondly, it is acknowledged that there are huge decent work deficits in South Africa especially in the informal sector which impede on the advancement of people‟s conditions of living, cause people to live lives of poverty as well as deprive people of a life of dignity. This is despite decent work having a solid basis in labour legislation and also South Africa being bound by international law and principles concerning decent work. The study observes that reform in labour legislation is recommended to help overcome the decent work deficits. The ILO has proposed the Decent Work Country Programmes to help countries align their economic development goals with the international goal of the achievement of Decent Work for all. South Africa also has its own solutions such as the New Growth Path as well as other policies. The main issue however is how these policies can be implemented effectively and how decent work can be achieved against a backdrop of the socio – economic challenges that South Africa faces.

Low profit margins threaten the sustainability of quick service restaurants (QSRs). In the United States, low levels of employee job satisfaction and low employee perceptions of supervisor support decrease organizational profitability by as much as $151 million annually, depending on the size and type of organization. Guided by the 2-factor theory of motivation, the purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationship between employee job satisfaction, employee perceptions of supervisor support, and organizational profitability. A convenience sample of employees from 86 QSR franchise locations in Houston, Texas completed the Job Satisfaction and Perceived Supervisor Support surveys. Multiple linear regression analysis and Bonferroni corrected significance calculation predicted organizational profitability (F(2, 71) = 9.20, p < .001, R2 = .206) and employee job satisfaction (ï?¢ = .577, p = .025). The effect size indicated that the regression model accounted for approximately 21% of the variance in organizational profitability. Employee perceptions of supervisor support (ï?¢ = -.140, p = .580) did not relate to any significant variation in organizational profitability. The findings may be of value to QSR business professionals developing initiatives to improve organizational profitability. Improving employees' perceptions of supervisor support to generate high levels of employee job satisfaction could affect behavioral social change to enhance the health and wellbeing of employees and the wealth and sustainability of QSR franchise locations.

No description available.

The history of San Luis Obispo and its surrounding areas is complex. Agriculture, innovation, and immigration have all contributed to the formation of the region. The Spanish, Mexican, and early American periods established the framework successive waves of immigrants had to live within. Native Americans and immigrants from China, Portugal, Switzerland, Japan, the Philippines, and other regions of the United States have all toiled in the fields and contributed to America’s tables at various points throughout county history. Many contingencies determined the treatment of successive waves of immigrants. Growth and development are taking place at exponential rates on the very land that witnessed the first local agriculture and the conflicts surrounding the burgeoning industry.

This thesis has been prepared as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of faster of Arts, prescribed by the College of the Pacific, Stockton, California. It is sincerely hoped that it will be found useful to all of those who are at all interested in the great industry of raisin making, which has played no small part in the building up of the great San Joaquin Valley and has been responsible for bringing the much needed irrigation system to the valley. Various types of data are here available, including personal opinions from the foremost leaders of the industry, from the results of numerous personal interviews, from technical information on acreages, prices, profits, and costs, from growers' opinions, from the California Raisin Association, the California Raisin Pool, and data from the Federal and State Departments of Agriculture. I have striven to picture the growth of the raisin industry as it actually occurred, in the building up of our state, from the most reliable sources. Efforts toward organization on the part of the grower, have been made significant and much space has bean allotted to the history of the raisin industry. It is readily evident that the producer, have had a difficult up-hill battle every step of the way, and that our present raisin organizations are the results of years of sacrifice and tireless effort, on the part of the few influential leaders. An introduction and definition of terns is placed in the first part of the thesis for the convenience of the reader. The state of California has been divided into four geographical sections, with a brief description of each. An Easterner coming to California for the first time end interested in the raisin business should have no trouble in seeing, with a small amount of reading, the relative importance of each section. What determines the California sales is discussed, a discussion which should be enlightening to the students of economics. The economic status of the raisin industry is another very significant chapter to the economist, because the results of years of research on the pert of the government and state officials ore here included. I have spent considerable tire in observing processes of growing, picking, drying and shipping of raisins; also in gathering information from, persons who were responsible for the propagation of the vines, and who were responsible for their distribution. Many growers, distributors, retailers and consumers were consulted, By account of these interviews are herein contained.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.