Chow, Ka Ying. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-133). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i-ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv-vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii-ix / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.X / Chapter CHAPTER ONE: --- INTRODUCTION OF THIS STUDY --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- General concept of the mobility --- p.1 / Chapter 1.3 --- The role of job-housing relations and socio-economic factors in mobility --- p.2 / Chapter 1.4 --- Time use allocation and mobility --- p.3 / Chapter 1.5 --- Economic restructuring and mobility --- p.3 / Chapter 1.6 --- Focuses of the study --- p.4 / Chapter 1.7 --- Organization of the thesis --- p.7 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO: --- "MOBILITY, TIME ALLOCATION AND ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING" --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- What is mobility? --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Socio-economic and demographic factor and mobility --- p.9 / Chapter a) --- The impacts on commuting time/distance --- p.9 / Chapter b) --- The impacts on daily trips --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3 --- Time allocation and mobility --- p.12 / Chapter a) --- Commuting hours --- p.12 / Chapter b) --- Working hours (Work at job) --- p.13 / Chapter c) --- Non-working hours (Necessities. Housework and Leisure) --- p.14 / Chapter d) --- Literature on time use theory and daily trips --- p.14 / Chapter 2.4 --- Post-industrial restructuring and mobility --- p.16 / Chapter a) --- Post-industrialization --- p.16 / Chapter b) --- Spatial and social impacts --- p.21 / Chapter 2.5 --- Framework for mobility pattern --- p.25 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE : --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1 --- Data collection --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2 --- Data process and manipulation --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3 --- Data variables --- p.33 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR: --- MOBILITY PATTERN IN HONG KONG --- p.35 / Chapter 4.1 --- Case Background in Hong Kong --- p.35 / Chapter 4.2 --- The changes of employment sector by regions/districts --- p.37 / Chapter 4.3 --- Temporal Change of mobility pattern --- p.40 / Chapter 4.4 --- Spatial Change --- p.41 / Chapter a) --- Three Macro regions --- p.41 / Chapter b) --- 18 Districts --- p.43 / Chapter 4.5 --- Mobility pattern change associated with personal characteristics --- p.46 / Chapter a) --- Economic sectors --- p.47 / Chapter b) --- Job Types --- p.48 / Chapter c) --- Income --- p.51 / Chapter d) --- Ages and car ownership --- p.54 / Chapter 4.6 --- Mobility pattern change associated with allocation of time --- p.56 / Chapter a) --- Total working hours --- p.56 / Chapter b) --- Total Traveling Minutes --- p.57 / Chapter c) --- Non-Working Hour --- p.58 / Chapter d) --- The variation of time use and mobility pattern by income --- p.59 / Chapter e) --- The variation of time use and mobility pattern by position --- p.60 / Chapter f) --- The variation of time use and mobility pattern by industry --- p.61 / Chapter g) --- The Correlations analysis between socio-economic factors and mobility pattern --- p.65 / Chapter 1. --- Pearson Correlation --- p.65 / Chapter 2. --- Spearman Correlation --- p.66 / Chapter 4.7 --- Job-housing spatial mismatch and relations --- p.72 / Chapter a) --- Three Macro Regions --- p.72 / Chapter b) --- 18 Districts --- p.74 / Chapter 4.8 --- The combination of Spatial Mismatch and Mobility Level --- p.82 / Chapter 4.9 --- Chapter Summary --- p.83 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE: --- ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING AND MOBILITY --- p.86 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2 --- Two stages of post-industrial restructuring --- p.86 / Chapter 5.3 --- Three geographical shifts of economic activities and population --- p.90 / Chapter 5.4 --- Impact on mobility pattern --- p.96 / Chapter 5.5 --- Impacts of restructurings: spatial mismatch and qualification mismatch --- p.98 / Chapter CHAPTER SIX: --- THE TREND OF MOBILITY --- p.105 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.105 / Chapter 6.2 --- The trend of mobility gap --- p.105 / Chapter 6.3 --- Shopping Malls and mobility pattern --- p.115 / Chapter 6.4 --- Findings and implication --- p.117 / Chapter 6.5 --- Recommendations for further studies --- p.121 / BIBLOGRAPHY --- p.123

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities. / Department of Government and Public Administration

尹寶珊. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學硏究院社會學學部. / Reprint of manuscript. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 280-290). / Yin Baoshan. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan she hui xue xue bu. / Chapter 第一章 --- 導言 / Chapter 第二章 --- 沙田簡介 / Chapter 第三章 --- 理論取向及研究方法 / Chapter 第四章 --- 就業地區選擇之差異意向動機 / Chapter 第五章 --- 對就業機會及交通情況的差異觀覺 / Chapter 第六章 --- 構成差異就業地區選擇意向動機的個人社會心理因素 / Chapter 第七章 --- 構成差異就業地區選擇意向動機的社會結構性因素 / Chapter 第八章 --- 結論 / 註釋 / 參考書目

Earnings loss due to both lower wages at the current job and the time forgone between two jobs is one of the major consequences of job displacement caused by plant closing, moving and downsizing in the 1980s. Is migration a solution? The present study attempts to answer this question empirically by exploring five waves of data on the displaced manufacturing workers from the CPS Displaced Workers Supplements. Human capital theory and neo-classica1 theory of labor migration both assert that migration should improve people's socio-economic status. They largely neglect social and economic structural constraints on the outcomes of individual behavior. From the dynamic segmentation perspective, this study hypothesizes that deindustrialization has been squeezing workers from the subordinate (lower-tier) primary segment down and thus such workers suffered more loss than their counterparts from the independent (upper-tier) segment; since deindustrialization primarily affected the core manufacturing industries, core workers suffered greater loss from displacement relative to their peripheral counterparts. In this context, this study further hypothesizes that migration will not benefit the workers from the subordinate primary segment as much as the workers from the independent primary segments. The empirical results confirm the main hypotheses of the present study: Workers displaced from the subordinate primary segment suffered more earnings loss and longer jobless duration than their counterparts from the independent primary segment. Workers from the core industries experienced longer jobless duration than their counterparts from the peripheral segment. Migration had no effect on the postdisplacement earnings and jobless duration for the displaced workers from either segment. The clear implication of these findings is that migration is no solution. Among other things, occupation/industry change when reemployed is an important factor causing earnings loss; formal educational attainment reduces earnings loss and shortens the jobless duration while work tenure on the pre-displacement job increases earnings loss and lengthens the jobless duration. / Ph. D.

Dual careers and mobility have become a way of life in this society. With moving often comes a loss of job for one of the spouse, usually the wife. This pilot study examined the effects of 'captivity' (the inability of a wife to pursue a career because of a mobile spouse) on self-esteem. Through the use of a demographic questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, data was collected and correlations between mobility and self-esteem were derived. Results indicated that the self-esteem of a wife is affected by 'captivity'.

Essa pesquisa tem a finalidade de analisar o atual processo de mobilização e crise do trabalho no distrito de Moatize, em Moçambique, a partir da mineração e seus conflitos consequentes dessa atividade. Para isso retomamos a formação da relação capital-trabalho para compreendermos os aspectos da crise dessa relação. O processo de modernização das forças produtivas provocou uma mudança histórica no setor e, em Moçambique, é possível de ser narrada por duas gerações de trabalhadores que acompanharam a produção de carvão mineral. Baseamo-nos em estudos, dados do distrito e relatos de moradores, principalmente de dois reassentamentos: Cateme e 25 de setembro, provocados pela expansão das atividades da mineradora Vale S/A para Moçambique. Nesses reassentamentos muitos dos moradores narraram o processo de mobilização para o trabalho no período colonial e pós colonial, cuja extração do carvão mineral no distrito era feita em galerias subterrâneas. A mudança na técnica de exploração levou à extração à céu aberto o que colocou o conflito pela remoção das pessoas que viviam na área em que o Estado concedeu à multinacional. A extração do carvão avança rapidamente a área de exploração e consequentemente acentuou o processo de expropriação em Moçambique com a perda das áreas para a produção de alimentos. Contraditoriamente, o processo requer menos trabalho humano e coloca limitações para a força de trabalho que deve ser especializada, provocando um desemprego estrutural ou ainda os supérfluos ao sistema, nesse caso os próprios moradores dos reassentamentos. O limite da relação pode ser pensado ainda pela totalidade do processo de acumulação capitalista em que o aumento nos níveis de produtividade se faz necessário pela concorrência no setor e ao mesmo tempo coloca a necessidade de aumento de consumo da mercadoria, pois para realizar o valor, a mercadoria precisa ser comprada. No entanto, o próprio mercado mostra ter um limite. / This research has the purpose of analyzing the current process of mobilization and labor crisis in the district of Moatize, in Mozambique, from the mining and its consequent conflicts of this activity. We have recurred the capital-labor relationship formation to understand the crisis aspects of this relationship. The modernization process of the productive forces has brought about a historic change in the sector and in Mozambique it can be narrated for two generations by the experience of coal production. We are based on studies, district data and residents\' stories, mainly of two resettlements caused by the expansion of the activities of Vale S/A to Mozambique. In these resettlements many of the villagers recounted the process of mobilization for labor in the colonial and postcolonial period, whose extraction of mineral coal in the district was done in underground galleries. The change in the technique of exploration led to the extraction in the open which put the conflict by the removal of the people who lived in the area in which the State granted to the multinational. Extraction of coal rapidly advances the exploitation area and consequently has accentuated the expropriation process in Mozambique causing the loss of areas for food production. In contrast, the process requires less human labor and some limitations for the workforce that must be specialized, causing structural unemployment or even the superfluous to the system, in this case the residents themselves of the resettlement. The limit of the relationship can still be thought of by the totality of the process in which the increase in the levels of productivity is made necessary by the market competition in the sector and at the same time places the need to increase consumption of the merchandise, because to realize the value, the merchandise needs be purchased. However, the market itself shows a limit.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate what relation house prices have with regional migration in Sweden, with the interest of the study being to investigate how regional migration is affected by differentials in house prices and to see how it has affected migration choices for labor, and, to see if this relationship differed in 2007 and 2017. Theories surrounding regional house prices, regional migration, regional labor mobility, commuting, and accessibility are used to lay the foundation and support the empirical method. The regressions are run using cross-sectional data for the years 2007 and 2017. Whilst the literature review suggests that average house prices should have a negative relation towards in-migration, the conducted regression showcases a positive relation towards in-migration. Furthermore, the study concludes that there are many different variables that can affect regional migration. The results show that the effect of house prices has become weaker in the year 2017 compared to 2007, which could showcase that individuals have changed how they approach migration decision.

Esta pesquisa propôs uma análise crítica das migrações estudantis na atual sociedade moderna produtora de mercadorias, problematizando a vinda de estudantes africanos/as para as universidades brasileiras, em particular, a Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), a Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC-GO) e a Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG) a partir do Programa de Estudante Convênio de Graduação e Pós-Graduação (PEC-G e PG). Este programa destaca-se como um importante acordo de cooperação educacional estabelecido entre o Brasil e países do Terceiro Mundo, dentre eles, os países africanos de língua portuguesa. Investigamos e propomos uma discussão sobre o/a migrante estudante africano/a, sob a base da qualificação da força de trabalho e o valor-dissociação como prerrogativas para a crítica do valor a partir da questão racial como uma particularidade. Na crise vivida pela sociedade moderna a mobilidade estudantil é encarada como uma alternativa governamental para o chamado desenvolvimento econômico e político de um Estado, portanto, a migração estudantil é um fenômeno particular de mobilidade da força de trabalho gerada pelo processo de modernização. A mobilidade de estudantes entre os países em desenvolvimento tem sido uma realidade cada vez mais presente e incitou-nos a pensar no migrante pela ótica dos acordos internacionais, a corrida pela qualificação profissional que se torna uma exigência fundamental no sistema produtor de mercadorias. Refletimos sobre a atual conjuntura em que se insere o/a migrante na condição de temporário/a, de futura mão-de-obra qualificada, como é o caso do/a estudante migrante. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática, coleta de dados em órgãos oficiais, nas universidades de destino sobre migrantes estudantes africanos/as e entrevistas com os/as mesmos/as, discutimos a representação social dos/as migrantes africanos/as na terra de destino, e as consequências do racismo, tratados/as estrangeiros/as não-desejados/as ou não-aceitos/as ou africanos/as num sentido generalizado, preconceituoso e discriminatório / This research proposes a critical analysis of student migration in the current modern society produces of merchandise, discussing the coming of African students for the Brazilian universities, in particular, the Federal University of Goiás (UFG), the Pontificia Catholic University of Goiás (PUC -GO) and the State University of Goiás (UEG) from the program of Student Agreement Undergraduate and Postgraduate (PEC-G and PG). This program stands out as an important educational cooperation agreement established between Brazil and Third World countries, among them the African Portuguese-speaking countries. We investigate and propose a discussion about the African migrant student, under the base of the qualification of the labor force and value-dissociation and prerogatives to the critical value from the racial issue as a peculiarity. In modern society crisis, the student mobility is seen as a government alternative to the economic and political development of the State, therefore, the student migration is a particular phenomenon of mobility of the labor force generated by the modernization process. The mobility of students among developing countries has been an ever-present reality and encourages us to think of the migrant from the perspective of international agreements, and the race for qualification which becomes a key requirement in producer goods system. Reflect on the current situation in which the migrant is inserting on the temporary conditions, of the future qualified labor, such as the student migrant. Through literature review, collecting data from official agencies, on the universities destination for African migrants students and interviews with the same, we discussed the social representation of African migrants in the \"destination\" land, and the consequences of racism, treated as the not desire \"foreign or \"not accepted\" or African on generalized sense, prejudiced and discriminatory

O processo migratório de bolivianos para São Paulo com inserção em oficinas de costura existe desde a década de 1990, com uma alta participação de mulheres que trabalham como costureiras assim como os homens. O objetivo deste texto é caraterizar as relações de trabalho na costura em relação com as condições de formação dessa migração, além de caracterizar a inserção particular de mulheres nas oficinas e o seu papel no processo migratório. Para isso, realizamos entrevistas de profundidade com bolivianos costureiros e trabalhos de campo nos espaços de emprego e moradia de migrantes e seus familiares em São Paulo, Buenos Aires, La Paz e El Alto. Como as oficinas de costura se apresentam como lugar de moradia dos migrantes, a reprodução doméstica e familiar é uma dimensão fundamental das oficinas e do processo migratório como um todo, assim como o trabalho. As mulheres são as principais responsáveis pelas atividades de cozinha e limpeza, ao mesmo tempo em que estão contraditoriamente inseridas na esfera do trabalho. A migração boliviana para São Paulo se sustenta, assim, sobre arranjos particulares de trabalho e de reprodução. / The Bolivian migratory process to São Paulo related to garment industry sweatshops begun in the early 1990s, with a wide participation of women working as seamstresses alongside the men. The aim of this text is to characterize labor relations in the sweatshops, regarding the conditions that formed this migration, as well as to characterize the particular insertion of women in the sweatshops and their role in the migratory process. The research included in-depth interviews with Bolivian sweatshop workers and fieldwork in São Paulo, Buenos Aires, La Paz and El Alto. As the sweatshops also offer housing to the migrants, domestic and familiar reproduction is a fundamental dimension of the sweatshops and the migratory process as a whole, as well as the labor. Women are mainly responsible for cooking and cleaning activities, while they are contradictory inserted in the labor sphere. The Bolivian migration to São Paulo is supported by particular arrangements of labor and reproduction.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral investigar as formas assumidas pela mobilidade do trabalho decorrente das transformações nas dinâmicas territoriais no momento da passagem para a segunda metade do século XX no Brasil, destacando as ações do Estado desenvolvimentista do pós-guerra e seus desdobramentos sob a intervenção do Governo militar da década de 1970, suas implicações espaciais na região centro-oeste do estado de Minas Gerais. Nesse sentido, procuramos abarcar o particular dessas transformações na atualidade do trabalho e da constituição de uma população migrante no centro-oeste mineiro, mais precisamente nos municípios de Três Marias, Corinto e Morro da Garça. A possibilidade de se construir uma relação entre o particular e o geral da sociedade moderna na pesquisa geográfica é um elemento norteador da investigação da presente pesquisa. Para tal objetivo apresentamos aqui uma pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas e registros de relatos sobre a vida de moradores e migrantes nos municípios estudados, a experiência migrante e sua perspectiva espacial. / The present study is to investigate the forms assumed by labor mobility resulting from changes in regional dynamics at the time of transition to the second half of the twentieth century in Brazil, highlighting the actions of the developmental state of post-war and its consequences under the intervention of the military government of the 1970s, their spatial implications in the midwestern region of the state of Minas Gerais. Accordingly, we seek to embrace the particular relevance of these changes in the work and the establishment of a migrant population in the mining Midwest, specifically in the towns of Três Marias, Corinto and the Morro da Garça. The possibility of building a relationship between the particular and the general in modern society in geographic research is a guiding element of the investigation of this research. For this purpose we present here a qualitative research through interviews and records of accounts of the lives of residents and migrants in the cities studied, the migrant experience and their spatial perspective.