Balansen mellan utbud och efterfrågan av bostäder har inverkan på olika gruppers möjligheter till att etablera sig på bostadsmarknaden. Trots att det byggs mer än på länge i Stockholmsregionen så tyder ändå mycket på att det blivit svårare för resurssvaga grupper att hitta bostäder. I studien framgår att nyproduktionen av bostäder inte svarar mot de bostadsbehov som finns och att arbetet med bostäder för resurssvaga grupper inte tycks stå särskilt högt upp på agendan. Frågan har uppmärksammats av flera aktörer och anses vara en av de största utmaningarna på bostadsmarknaden.  Den här studien strävar efter att undersöka vilka möjligheter som finns för kommunerna att skapa förutsättningar för en jämlik bostadsmarknad i Stockholms län genom att lyfta det regionala perspektivet inom samhällsplanering och på så sätt skapa förutsättningar för en hållbar region. Mer specifikt så avser studien att främja nybyggnation av billiga bostäder, främst i form av subventioner genom kommunal markpolitik, i syfte att underlätta möjligheterna för resurssvaga hushåll till att etablera sig på bostadsmarknaden. Tre kommuner i länet har undersökts i denna kvalitativa studie. Empirin bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer med tjänstepersoner från dessa kommuner samt en dokumentstudie av kommunala policydokument. Slutsatsen är att det finns en diskrepans mellan utbudet och efterfrågan på bostadsmarknaden, när det kommer till bostäder för resurssvaga grupper. Hur kommunerna arbetar med att komma tillrätta med detta varierar, dels i form av generella insatser vilka strävar efter ett högt kvantitativt byggande, eller särskilda insatser som strävar efter att pressa produktions- och boendekostnader. Att generella insatser användes mer frekvent bland de kommuner som undersöktes i denna studie, i kombination med att boendekostnader problematiseras i mycket liten omfattning, ger intrycket av att nybyggnation inte är ett realistiskt alternativ för resurssvaga grupper och att tilltron till flyttkedjor således är mycket hög. Även om det framkom kritik mot de särskilda insatserna som sker i kommunerna, vilket grundar sig i att enkla boendelösningar med låga byggkostnader inte nödvändigtvis behöver leda till lägre boendekostnader, så kan ändå ett kontinuerligt tillskott av sådana bostadslösningar bidra till att priser och hyror på bostadsmarknaden hålls nere på längre sikt. Både det teoretiska och empiriska materialet visar på ett samband mellan produktionskostnader av bostäder och boendekostnader men om byggande av bostäder ska subventioneras är det viktigt att säkerställa att detta sker till rätt hushåll. Därför finns det skäl till att kombinera subventioner med olika former av klausuler som försäkrar kommunen mot att systemet utnyttjas. Detta ökar förmedlingsfrågornas betydelse. / The balance between supply and demand of housing has an impact on the ability of different groups to establish themselves in the housing market. Even though housing construction has the highest levels in many years, there are clear indications that it has become more difficult for low-income households to find housing. This study shows that new housing construction does not correspond to the current housing needs and that housing for low-income households does not appear to be on the planning agenda. The issue has been highlighted by several stakeholders in the housing market and housing for low-income households is considered to be one of the biggest contemporary challenges of the housing market. This study aims to investigate the possibilities for the municipality to create conditions for an equal housing market in the Region of Stockholm, by raising the regional perspective in planning and create conditions for a sustainable region. More specifically, the study aims to facilitate the construction of cheap housing, primarily in the form of subsidies through municipal land policy, in order to promote housing for low-income households in the housing market. Three municipalities in the region have been investigated in this qualitative study. The empirical material is based on semi-structured interviews with municipal officials from these municipalities, backed up by a document study of municipal policy documents. The conclusion is that there is a discrepancy between supply and demand in the housing market, when it comes to housing for low-income households. How the municipalities work to address this varies and can be divided into general efforts, that aim for high-quantitative construction or special efforts aimed at reducing production- and housing costs. The fact that general efforts were used more frequently among the municipalities surveyed in this study, coupled with the fact that housing costs are problematised to such a small extent, gives the impression that new construction is not a realistic alternative for low-income households, and thus that the reliance on chains of residential mobility are very high. Although there is a criticism of the special efforts that take place in the municipalities, which is on the fact that simple standard housing solutions with low construction costs do not necessarily have to lead to lower prices/rents, yet a continuous addition of such housing solutions can keep prices and rents in the housing market down in the longer term. Both the theoretical- and empirical material shows a correlation between production costs and housing prices, however if housing is to be subsidised it is important to ensure that it is directed to the intended households. Therefore, there is a reason to combine subsidies with different forms of clauses that assure the municipality against misuse of the system. This increases the importance of the distribution of housing.

The Texas Constitution of 1876 set aside three million acres of Texas public land in exchange for construction of the monumental red granite Capitol that continues to house Texas state government today. The Capitol project and the land went to an Illinois syndicate led by men influential in business and politics. Austin's statehouse is a recognizable symbol of Texas around the world. So too, the massive Panhandle tract given in exchange -- what became the "fabulous" XIT Ranch -- has come to, for many, symbolize Texas and its role in the nineteenth century cattle boom. After finding sales prospects for the land, known as the Capitol Reservation, weak at the time, backed by British capital, the Illinois group, often called the Capitol Syndicate, turned their efforts to cattle ranching to satisfy investors until demand for the land increased. The operation included a satellite ranch in Montana to which two-year-old steers from Texas were sent for fattening, often "over the trail" on a route increasingly blocked by people and settlement. Rather than a study focused on ranching operations on the ground -- the roundups, the cattle drives, the cowboys -- this instead uncovers the business and political side of the Syndicate's ranching operation, headquartered in Chicago. The operation of the XIT Ranch looked more like other Gilded Age businesses employing armies of clerks, bookkeepers, and secretaries instead of how great western ranches have been portrayed for years in popular literature and media. The XIT Ranch existed from 1885 to 1912, yet from Texas to Montana the operation left a deep imprint on community culture and historical memory.

我國為配合加入WTO，紓緩日後大量農產品開放進口，對本土農地利用管理與農業生產所帶來的衝擊，政府乃大幅度修正農業發展條例（以下簡稱農發條例），以為因應。該條例及配套法案業於民國八十九年一月四日、六日及十三日經立法院三讀通過，並由總統於同年一月二十六日公布施行。本次農發條例之修正要點，在農地政策方面，主要側重於農地合理的利用、有效地管理與適當的釋出，其中最大的轉變在於調整為「放寬農地農有，落實農地農用」原則，不再限制農地移轉承受人之身份與資格，並有條件地許可農企業法人承受農地。這樣的變革，旨在建立更為開放競爭的耕地買賣市場，增進耕地的流動性，以利農業經營者取得耕地，調整農業經營結構，應值贊同。然而，條文內容有無疏漏不妥？仍有待深入檢討；條文原則性的規定能否落實？尚待相關法令的配合修訂，方能儘速建立合理農地利用、管理與釋出機制，以確保我國的農業發展。 　　緣此，本研究乃就農發條例之研修條文內容，深入探析農地政策與移轉規定之轉變，同時藉由實地調查（問卷調查與深度訪談）及拜訪農政等單位，以瞭解移轉制度變遷之實施現況及其對農業經營之影響程度，並訪察農業經營者之意向及博採各方之想法，據以確實地檢視現行農地移轉制度有關之爭議與問題，再提出研修現行條文、修訂行政命令及研議配合措施等改進意見，冀能有助於促進農地合理利用，並供後續法律修正、執行之參考。最後，再綜合本研究之成果，推衍以下結論： 　　一、調整農地農有制度係時勢潮流，農地農用管理機制應詳加落實。 　　二、實證調查發現，受訪者大抵認同目前農地移轉制度之變革規定，惟對促進農地流動及帶動農業升級助益不大。 　　三、引進農企業法人承受耕地之成效不彰，且牽涉法令繁多，亟待整合修訂。 　　四、制度規則未能公平提供誘因，且未能有效減低執行面之不確定性，應儘速檢討改進並確實執行之。 　　五、農民與農企業法人普遍欠缺對相關法令資訊的瞭解，應加強相關人員之專業訓練與宣傳輔導。 　　此外，在研究過程中，發現仍有相關課題有待未來後續研究，以促使農地更有效利用管理，並能確保農業永續發展，建議如下： 　　一、健全農企業法人承受耕地之管理制度。 　　二、建構重要農業區之區分與保護機制。 　　三、進一步研究農業產銷班與農地利用之關聯性。 / For joining WTO and moderating the impact of the import of agricultural products on agricultural lands use and, management and production, our government reacted by revising the Agricultural Development Act (ADA). The ADA has been revised by the Legislative Yuan on January 4 and promulgated by the Presidential Decree on January 26, 2000. The main point of the revision is to emphasis on reasonable farmland uses, effective management and adequate release of the land regulations in the agricultural policy. The main change is to adjust ADA’s principle from “the right to own and use farmland to be limited to the farmer” to “the release of the restriction on farmland transferee and realization of the substantial farmland uses.” The revision does no longer set a limit to the status and qualification of transferees and permits the transferable rights of agribusiness on some certain conditions. It is approved that the revision is to establish a more open and competitive arable land market, to improve the liquidity of arable lands, to facilitate the acquirement of arable lands for agribusiness, and to adjust the agricultural production structure. However, we should review the completeness and realization of the revised ADA after the promulgation in order to assure the agricultural development. 　　Therefore, the main purpose of this thesis is to probe into the change of the agricultural land policy and transfer regulation from the provisions of the revised ADA, examine the exercising of transfer system change and its influence on agricultural operation, investigate the intention of agricultural managers for reviewing the relative debates and issues, and then offer some advice as references of revision in the future. The conclusion is described as follows: 　　1.It is a trend of the times to adjust the transfer system that the right to own and use farmland is limited to the farmer, and the mechanism of assuring the substantial farmland uses should be realized. 　　2.From empirical research, the interviewees almost agree to the new agricultural land transfer system, but think that it is not useful for accelerating the liquidity and promoting the level of agricultural industry. 　　3.It is not significant on introducing agribusiness to be the transferee of arable lands, and it is necessary for our government to integrate too many relative and complicated laws. 　　4.We should review and implement the revised ADA because the rules themselves cannot provide fair incentives and effectively reduce the uncertainty from exercising it. 　　5.Farmers and agribusinesses lack the knowledge of relative laws, so the government should enhance them the professional training and give them consultant service. 　　In addition, from this research, we also found that some issues need to be studied for effective management of agricultural lands and sustainable development of agricultural industry in the future. 　　1.How to sound the management institution when agribusinesses want to be the transferee of arable lands. 　　2.How to designate important agricultural zones and establish protection mechanism. 　　3.Study the correlation between the agricultural product marketing class and agricultural land uses.