Tout au long de cette thèse, l’évaluation musicale est traitée comme un objet d’étude latent visant à donner des outils pour l’apprentissage de la lecture musicale. Grâce à l’analyse des mouvements oculaires et les variables provenant de la performance, nous avons défini certaines variables qui rendent compte de l’expertise et des interactions entre différents groupes de niveaux d’expertise musicale lors de l’apprentissage d’un nouveau morceau de musique. De façon plus détaillée, nous avons observé la mise en œuvre de différentes stratégies de prise d’information, de traitement et de récupération de l’information musicale en fonction du niveau pianistique et souligné l’importance d’apprendre en interaction avec la classe et le professeur. Les stratégies sont en même temps ajustées par rapport à la confiance acquise au cours du processus d'acquisition de compétences (Bandura, 1997 ; McPherson et McCormick, 2006). En référence au débat actuel concernant la nature de la lecture de partitions, nous avons comparé les traitements musicaux et verbaux pendant une tâche de lecture « compréhensive » de textes et de partitions. Dans l’ensemble et au regard du modèle de Baddeley (1990), les ressources cognitives des musiciens pendant la lecture musicale seraient mobilisées en fonction de l’expertise et du type de style musical. / Throughout this thesis, evaluation of music performance is viewed as a latent object of study in order to provide tools for learning to read music. We have defined some variables from eye movements and music performance accounting for expert performance and interactions between skill groups when learning a new piece of music. In more details, we have observed the use of different strategies for music information intake, processes and information retrieval depending on musicians’ expertise and we have stressed the importance of learning through interaction. In the process of skill acquisition, when self-confidence is gained strategies are simultaneously adjusted (Bandura, 1997; McPherson and McCormick, 2006). In reference to the current debate about the nature of music reading, we have compared musical and verbal processing during comprehensive reading of texts and scores. On the whole, considering the model of Baddeley (1990), musicians’ cognitive resources during music reading would be mobilized depending on the expertise and the music style.

[pt] No campo da Psicologia e da Didática de Línguas, pesquisas sobre aquisição e aprendizagem do discurso argumentativo entre crianças em fase de letramento têm conduzido à avaliação dessa competência discursiva, orientada por parâmetros definidores do modelo adulto de argumentar. Em decorrência, os estudos na área tendem a avaliar o texto argumentativo do escritor aprendiz na perspectiva da deficiência e inadequação e, sob a justificativa da complexidade cognitiva, o ensino da argumentação tem sido postergado para as séries finais do ensino fundamental (14- 15 anos). A hipótese implícita a tal decisão é a de que o ensino dos gêneros do discurso deva obedecer a uma gradativa sucessão, de modo que os gêneros da narração e descrição devam preceder ao ensino sistemático da argumentação. O primeiro objetivo relevante da pesquisa é o de determinar até que ponto alunos de 8-11 anos têm representado para si o esquema textual argumentativo, quando solicitados a produzir um texto de opinião em contexto escolar. O segundo é identificar como o esquema textual acionado é textualizado no modelo escrito de língua, considerando-se (1) o nível de desenvolvimento cognitivo da criança para lidar com a dimensão dialógica do discurso escrito; (2) as influências do modelo conversacional de mudança de turno na escrita do aprendiz; e (3) a ausência de ensino formalizado dos gêneros da argumentação no currículo escolar nas primeiras séries. Para atender a este propósito, o presente trabalho baseou- se na hipótese sociocognitiva de linguagem e na abordagem socionteracionista discursiva. A pesquisa analisa um corpus longitudinal, composto de 145 textos de opinião, produzidos pelos mesmos alunos entre a 2a. série e o início da 5a. série de uma escola pública, a partir da proposição de cinco diferentes tarefas. A análise orienta- se por dois enfoques: o primeiro foca a maneira como o escritor aprendiz constrói seu texto de opinião, no tocante à sua configuração textual, através de articulação e coordenação de seqüências textuais; o segundo incide sobre a natureza dos argumentos selecionados pelo aprendiz, no tocante à atitude epistemológica e evidencialidade. A pesquisa confirma que no que respeita à construção do discurso argumentativo e à capacidade de expressar opinião, a maioria das crianças é capaz de categorizar eventos comunicativos de linguagem em uso, mesmo que esse esquema não se adeque ao modelo prototípico de argumentação do adulto ou à expectativa da escola. Ao mesmo tempo, a pesquisa demonstrou que um simples dispositivo de conteúdo polêmico não determina, de antemão, o esquema textual a ser acionado pela criança para emoldurar sua argumentação; traços de natureza contextual e sociocognitiva são também utilizados para determinar a dimensão pragmática, discursiva e argumentativa do texto de opinião. Com base no exposto, defendemos que o ensino progressivo e sistemático da argumentação deve iniciar desde cedo nas práticas escolares de linguagem. / [en] In the field of Psychology and Didactics of Language many researches on the acquisition and learning process of argumentative discourse among elementary school students have led us to approach this discursive competence based on the parameters of adult mode of writing arguments. As a result, studies on the subject matter tend to conceive the children`s essays in terms of inadequacy and lack of proficiency; and as consequence of its complex cognitive demands the teaching of argument has been belated to the end of elementary school curriculum (14-15years old). The implicit hypothesis behind this procedure is that there is a graduation-succession for the learning of discursive genres in a way that narrative and descriptive genres should precede systematic teaching of argumentation. The prime goal of the present research is to determine to what extent 8-11 year-old pupils have represented for themselves the argumentative schema when they are asked to write an opinion essay as a school task. The second one is to identify how this textual schema is carried out by the learning children and textualized into written mode of language, considering (1) children`s cognitive development level to deal with the dialogic dimensions of written discourse; (2) the turn-take conversation influences on their writing, and (3) children`s lack of formal learning of argumentative genres in school curriculum. For this purpose we took as our basis on the sociocognitive hypothesis of language acquisition and on socionteracionist approach of language. The research analyses a longitudinal corpus composed of 145 essays produced by the same elementary school students from 2nd grade up to the beginning of 5th in a public school. The students were asked to write five different opinion essays. The analysis is split into two main focuses: the first one highlights the way the learning children build their written opinion in terms of textual configuration through both articulation and coordination of textual sequences; the second focus highlights the nature of arguments chosen by the learning children in terms of epistemological attitude and evidenciality. The research confirms that in the genre of argument and expressions of opinion, most of the children displays a particular knowledge to categorize communicative events of language in use, although the cognitive model triggered to convince and persuade the addressee could not necessarily suit the adult prototype schema and school expectations. At the same time, it also shows that a simple argumentative disposal does not determine beforehand the textual schema triggered by the children to frame their argumentation; contextual and sociocognitve features also determine the pragmatic, discursive and argumentative dimension of the text. Due to the features shown in the present research, and as far as pedagogy and didactic of language is concerned we defend that systematical and progressive teaching of argumentation should begin as early as possible in school context.

O presente estudo é uma pesquisa qualitativa de inspiração etnográfica que observa e analisa interações em uma turma do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio (EM), em uma escola pública de Porto Alegre. O foco do trabalho é o processo de ensinoaprendizagem de inglês como uma língua adicional (LA) sob a perspectiva sociocultural, segundo os pressupostos teóricos vygotskianos. O estudo tem como objetivo específico investigar quais mediações na fala-em-interação promove andaimento e produção oral nas tarefas colaborativas nesta sala de aula, considerando a relação direta entre interação e construção de conhecimento. Os dados foram gerados a partir de anotações de campo, das transcrições das gravações de áudio e de vídeo e das entrevistas com a professora e os alunos. Esses dados também evidenciam o ponto de vista êmico de cada um dos participantes dos eventos desta sala, no período de aproximadamente um semestre. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizada uma perspectiva multidisciplinar sobre estudos relativos à aprendizagem de uma LA, incluindo a Análise da Conversa, a Sociolinguística Interacional, a Antropologia Linguística e a teoria Sociocultural. O trabalho pretende contribuir para uma metodologia de ensino e aprendizagem em LA voltado para a interação, o andaimento e a produção oral. / The present study is a qualitative research with ethnographic inspiration, which observed a first year high school group in a public school in Porto Alegre. It aims at observing the language learning and teaching process of English as an additional language (AL), under a sociocultural perspective, according to Vygotsky. The general objective of the study is to investigate which mediations in the talk-in-interaction are likely to promote scaffolding and generate oral production by means of collaborative tasks in instructional settings, considering the relationship between knowledge construction and interaction. The data were generated by the field notes, video and audio recordings, and interviews with the teacher and the students. These data include the emic perspective, in the classroom events and the transcription of such interactions, throughout a whole semester. For the data analysis, a multidisciplinar perspective was adopted, comprising studies concerned with an AL learning process such as Conversation Analysis, Interactional Sociolinguistics, Linguistic Antropology and the Sociocultural Theory. This study intends to contribute to a methodology of AL teaching and learning centered in the interaction, scaffolding and oral production.

Esta pesquisa tem como questão central analisar e compreender o processo de aprendizagem cooperativa dos conceitos de Matemática no espaço de aprendizagem digital. Define-se espaço de aprendizagem digital no contexto da cultura digital e no processo cooperativo de aprendizagem apoiando-se nas teorias de Peters, Papert, Piaget, Freire e D'Ambrósio. O trabalho de campo foi realizado no IFRS – Campus Osório, nas aulas de Matemática presenciais e no espaço de aprendizagem digital da Matemática, com estudantes do Ensino Médio Técnico Integrado em Informática em 2011 e 2012. A metodologia da pesquisa é a pesquisa-ação conforme definida por Barbier; e a análise dos dados foi realizada à luz da Teoria de Piaget, particularmente a partir dos conceitos de abstração reflexionante, colaboração e cooperação. Os dados analisados são as ações dos estudantes registradas de forma escrita na rede social Facebook, tanto em comentários nos chats quanto no perfil do grupo, e as anotações da professora-pesquisadora. A pesquisa evidencia que as tecnologias digitais em rede são recursos que possibilitam aprender a aprender por meio de cooperação e em qualquer lugar e tempo, além de viabilizar um processo de aprendizagem que valoriza a ação do estudante. A aprendizagem dos conceitos de matemática, fruto do trabalho cooperativo e da compreensão do próprio processo de aprendizagem dos estudantes, é um dos resultados desta pesquisa. A pesquisa também apresenta uma metodologia que torna possível aprender a aprender Matemática em qualquer espaço digital e contribui para a ressignificação da prática docente da professora-pesquisadora. / The main goal of this research is to analyze and comprehend the cooperative learning process of Mathematics concepts in a digital learning space. Digital learning space is a concept defined in the digital culture context and in the cooperative learning process, based on the theories of Peters, Papert, Piaget, Freire and D’Ambrósio. Data collection took place at IFRS – Campus Osório during present Mathematics classes with students from the 2nd High School integrated with Computing Technician course in 2011 and 2012. The study methodology is action-research, as defined by Barbier; and data analyses were accomplished considering Piaget’s Theory, concerning specifically the concepts of reflective abstraction, collaboration and cooperation. Data analyzed consist in the actions of the students, written registered at Facebook social network, concerning both comments on the chats and in the group’s profile as well as the teacher-researcher’s notes. The research points out that network digital technologies are resources which enable a learning how to learn through cooperation anywhere, at anytime, and they also give the means to a learning process that enriches the student’s action. Learning Mathematics concepts, as a result from a cooperative work and from the students’ comprehension of their own learning process is one of the results of this research. The study also presents a methodology which potentiate learning how to learn Mathematics in any digital space and it also contributes to the re-signification of the teacherresearcher’s teaching practice. / Esta investigación tiene como cuestión central analizar y comprender el proceso de aprendizaje cooperativo de los conceptos de Matemáticas en el espacio de aprendizaje digital. Se define espacio de aprendizaje digital en el contexto de la cultura digital y en el proceso cooperativo de aprendizaje apoyándose en las teorías de Peters, Papert, Piaget, Freire y D'Ambrósio. El trabajo de campo fue realizado en el IFRS – Campus Osório, en las clases de Matemáticas presenciales y en el espacio de aprendizaje digital de Matemáticas con estudiantes del Ensino Médio Técnico Integrado en Informática en 2011 y 2012. La metodología de la investigación es la investigación-acción conforme definida por Barbier y el análisis de los datos fue realizado basado en la Teoría de Piaget, particularmente desde los conceptos de abstracción reflexionante, colaboración y cooperación. Los datos analizados son las acciones de los estudiantes registradas de forma escrita en la red social Facebook, tanto en comentarios en los chats, como en el perfil del grupo, y las anotaciones de la profesorainvestigadora. La investigación señala que las tecnologías digitales en red son recursos que posibilitan aprender a aprender por medio de cooperación y en cualquier lugar y tiempo, además de viabilizar un proceso de aprendizaje que valora la acción del estudiante. El aprendizaje de los conceptos de matemáticas, fruto del trabajo cooperativo y de la comprensión del propio proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, es uno de los resultados de esta investigación. La investigación también presenta una metodología que hace posible aprender a aprender Matemáticas en cualquier espacio digital y contribuye para la resignificación de la práctica docente de la profesora-investigadora.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo a elaboração de parâmetros, baseados no design pedagógico, para a construção de materiais educacionais digitais (MED's). Esse tema justifica-se na necessidade desses materiais serem elaborados a partir do concomitante planejamento técnico, gráfico e pedagógico. Para o desenvolvimento desta dissertação, primeiramente realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os principais fatores técnicos, gráficos e pedagógicos envolvidos na elaboração de materiais digitais. Após, desenvolveu-se a conceituação e as metas do design pedagógico, empregando-as na construção do objeto de aprendizagem (OA) PEDESIGN. A partir da aplicação do referido OA em dois cursos, foram coletados dados que, após analisados e discutidos, originaram como resultado uma tabela de parâmetros para a construção de materiais educacionais digitais baseados no design pedagógico. A partir da proposição desses parâmetros, objetiva-se incentivar a reflexão de professores, pedagogos, designers e desenvolvedores de materiais educacionais digitais sobre a aplicação do design pedagógico em MED's. / The present paper aims at generating pedagogic-design-based parameters for the developing of digital educational materials (DEMs). This theme lays on the necessity of developing these materials according to a technical, graphical and pedagogic planning. Primarily, in order to develop this dissertation, a bibliographic research on the main technical, graphic and pedagogic factors involved in the elaboration of digital materials was accomplished. After that, the conceptualization and the objectives of pedagogic design were developed to be used in the elaboration of PEDESIGN learning object (LO). Through the application of the referred LO in two courses, it was accomplished the collection of data which were analyzed and discussed and later originated a table of parameters for the elaboration of pedagogic-design-based digital educational materials. The proposal of such parameters aims at motivating the reflection of teachers, pedagogues, designers and digital educational materials developers on the application of pedagogic design in DEMs.

The recognition of prior learning (RPL) is an assessment process through which experience gained outside academic contexts is recognised. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence the learner profile has on RPL assessment. To realise the purpose, the learner profile was described and consequently learning outcomes formulated for a portfolio workshop. The method which the study followed was a qualitative interpretative approach. The research comprised a literature study about adult learning theories that served as a theoretical framework for the study, as well as an overview of RPL assessment, followed by an empirical study. The empirical research component followed a multiple data collection method. The personal life stories of the research participants were analysed in order to compile a learner profile. The role the workshop played was determined from a learner perspective by means of an open questionnaire for participants. It included a collection of workshop photographs. Finally, the reflection of a group of RPL learners about their personal learning experiences was analysed. The research found that the learner profile included distinctive personal traits, such as motivation, task orientation, a sense of responsibility and an orientation towards the future. The nature of the learner profile as well as of informal learning gained within diverse learning contexts require directed preparation for assessment. The learners regarded the portfolio workshop as a sustainable learning process and as a transformational learning experience. The role the workshop played was multidimensional, as it served as preparation for compiling the portfolio. It also empowered and prepared the learner on a personal level for the context of tertiary education. Based on the research findings, the recommendations for an RPL approach should include the following: Firstly, the learner‟s voice should be afforded recognition. Secondly, preparation for assessment is essential. Thirdly, the preparation should follow an approach of assessment as a sustainable learning process. Finally, the learning outcomes for the portfolio workshop make a contribution to support the learners in bridging the learning contexts of informal learning and academic learning. The research makes a valuable contribution, as the empirical research shows that the holistic learner profile guides the approach to assessment. The mission of RPL to bring about transformation will only become a reality if a learner-centred approach recognises and empowers the learner on a personal and academic level. / Die Erkenning van Vorige Leer (EVL) is 'n assesseringsproses waardeur ervaring wat buite akademiese kontekste verwerf is, erken word. Die doel met die navorsing was om die invloed van die leerderprofiel op EVL-assessering te bepaal. Om die doel te bereik, is die leerderprofiel beskryf en voortvloeiend daaruit leeruitkomste vir 'n portefeuljewerkswinkel saamgestel. Die metode wat die studie gevolg het, was 'n kwalitatiewe interpretiewe benadering. Die navorsing bestaan uit 'n literatuurstudie oor volwasse leerteorieë wat as teoretiese raamwerk vir die studie gedien het, asook 'n oorsig oor EVL-assessering, gevolg deur 'n empiriese studie. Die empiriese navorsingskomponent het 'n meervoudige dataversamelingsmetode gevolg. Die navorsingsdeelnemers se persoonlike lewensverhale is geanaliseer om sodoende 'n leerderprofiel saam te stel. Die rol van die werkswinkel is vanuit 'n leerdersperspektief bepaal deur middel van 'n ope-vraelys aan deelnemers, wat 'n versameling werkswinkel-foto's ingesluit het. Laastens is die reflektering van 'n groepie EVL-leerders oor hulle persoonlike leerervaringe ge-analiseer. Die navorsing het bevind dat die leerderprofiel onderskeidende persoonlike kenmerke, soos motivering, taakgerigtheid, 'n verantwoodelikheidsin en 'n toekomsgerigtheid insluit. Die aard van die leerderprofiel, asook die aard van informele leer verwerf binne diverse leerkontekste vereis gerigte voorbereiding tot assessering. Die leerders het die portefeuljewerkswinkel as 'n volhoubare leerproses en as transformasionele leerervaring beskou. Die rol van die werkswinkel is meervoudig, aangesien dit dien as voorbereiding tot die saamstel van die portefeulje, asook die leerder op persoonlike vlak bemagtig en voorberei vir die konteks van tersiêre onderrig. Die aanbevelings tot 'n EVL-benadering behoort, op grond van die navorsingsbevindinge, die volgende in te sluit. Eerstens moet erkenning aan die stem van die leerder gegee word, tweedens is voorbereiding tot assessering noodsaaklik en derdens behoort die voorbereiding 'n benadering van assessering as 'n volhoubare leerposes te volg. Laastens lewer die leeruitkomste vir die portefeuljewerkswinkel 'n praktykgerigte bydrae om die leerder te ondersteun om die leerkontekste van informele leer en akademiese leer te oorbrug. Die navorsing lewer 'n waardevolle bydrae aangesien die empiriese navorsing toon dat die holistiese leerderprofiel die benadering tot assessering rig. Die missie van EVL om transformasie te weeg te bring, sal slegs 'n realiteit word indien 'n leerdergesentreerde benadering die leerder op persoonlike en op akademiese vlak erken en bemagtig. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

Significant changes have taken place in higher education over dte past ten years. Learners are more liberated and want to be acknowledged as individuals with differences, and not expected to adapt their individual characteristics to fit in with the specific environment of the learning situation. A new emphasis is placed upon creating and sustaining learning environments that accommodate Ieamer needs and dte process of effective learning. Learners' individual needs include their need to learn how to learn and an acceptance of their individual differences as expressed in learning styles. Active Ieamer participation in dte learning process is necessary for effective learning to take place. Only dten can the desired outcome be reached. For a Ieamer to actively participate in the learning process, the Ieamer must know how to learn, and how to function as an independent Ieamer. To reach these goals, sound knowledge of individual differences in learning st;ytes is necessary. The impact of individual differences on education and the way they affect educational practice, future learning and academic achievement places the emphasis even more strongly on constant awareness, updatlng or change, improvement and development of the educational environment. The educator, as one of the role players in the educational environment, is the facilitator of learning, and should be empowered with a strong knowledge base regarding individual differences among both learners and educators, thus becoming more innovative and creative. Qualitative non-empirical research was undertaken. The aim of this research was to analyse and explore the concept learning style as well as to promote learning style awareness through assessment of learning st;ytes, and to provide an organised frame of reference to guide the learning process and provide for systematic education. Based on insight and knowledge gained through Inductive and deductive reasoning, The Learning Style Assessment Tool and a model for learning style promotion in higher education were constructed. The instrument enables learners and educators to assess their own learning st;ytes and identify their learning characteristics and preferences. The model can serve as a basis for acknowledging and accommodating learning styles in higher education. The desired outcome of this research is effective learning and quality education. / Health Studes / D. Litt. et Phil. (Advanced Nursing Sciences)

NOGUEIRA, Marineide Meireles. Avaliação da psicomotricidade no processo ensino-aprendizagem de criança com síndrome de Down na educação infantil. 2007. 164f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2007. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-08-06T14:42:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_DIS_MMNOGUEIRA.pdf: 841817 bytes, checksum: 5ba58f5bce80e1c20028aabf9308139c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-08-14T13:20:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_DIS_MMNOGUEIRA.pdf: 841817 bytes, checksum: 5ba58f5bce80e1c20028aabf9308139c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-14T13:20:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_DIS_MMNOGUEIRA.pdf: 841817 bytes, checksum: 5ba58f5bce80e1c20028aabf9308139c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / The study was established using a field research, by using exploratory and descriptive methods, with the purpose to evaluate the accomplishment of the psychomotricity praxis in the teaching learning process and the interaction of children with Down’s Syndrome in Infant Education, according to their teachers. The research was developed between February and June 2007 with 10 teachers from the Elementary School, Fortaleza (Brazil), and 6 parents of Down’s Syndrome children with ages between 2 and 8 years old. The tool used was a half-structuralized questionnaire applied to the teachers and anamnesis questionnaire applied to the parents. The data had been grouped through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program for Windows, version 13.0. it was used content analysis that allows inferences on the acquired data. The research showed that a hundred percent of the teachers known the psychomotricity praxis and most of them use it as a teaching tool in the interaction and learning process. The psychomotor elements are elaborated in the functional and relational aspects, in which advantages reflect on the improvement of social interaction and the psychomotor development of the children. The biggest difficulty presented by the children refers to the language, related to speaking, reading and writing. The questionnaire answered by the parents shows the total or partial unfamiliarity of the Down’s Syndrome before the birth of the children. The research concluded that the psychomotor praxis helps on the learning process and the children’s interaction, reflecting on their development, specially when applied on the first few months of life. / O estudo se constituiu de uma pesquisa de campo, de caráter descritivo e exploratório, numa abordagem quanti-qualitativa, com a finalidade de avaliar a efetivação da práxis psicomotora no processo ensino-aprendizagem e interação de crianças com Síndrome de Down, na educação infantil, segundo a fala dos professores. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se entre fevereiro e junho de 2007, com o universo de 10 professores de Escolas de Educação Infantil, sediadas em Fortaleza, e 6 pais de crianças com Síndrome de Down, em processo de escolaridade, com idade entre 2 e 8 anos. Os instrumentos de informações foram um questionário semi-estruturado aplicado com os professores e, um questionário de explicitação – anamnese, realizado com os pais. Os dados foram agrupados estatisticamente através do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences – SPSS for Windows, versão 13.0. Para análise dos dados no que se refere às informações qualitativas utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo, que permite fazer inferências sobre os dados obtidos. A pesquisa revelou que 100% das professoras conhecem a Psicomotricidade, com a maioria utilizando-a como ferramenta pedagógica na interação, e na aprendizagem. Os elementos psicomotores são trabalhados, distribuídos pelos diferentes componentes funcionais e relacionais, cujas vantagens se refletem em melhorias no aspecto relacional, interação social e desenvolvimento psicomotor das crianças. No tocante às características afetivas e sociais, 90% das crianças mantêm vínculo de afetividade com a professora. As maiores dificuldades apresentadas pelas crianças se referem à linguagem, envolvendo oralidade, leitura e escrita. A annamnese com os pais revelou o desconhecimento total ou parcial sobre a Síndrome de Down antes do nascimento das crianças. Concluiu-se que o emprego da psicomotricidade ajuda na aprendizagem e interação das crianças, influenciando em todas as esferas do desenvolvimento, especialmente quando a estimulação psicomotora precoce é aplicada desde os primeiros meses de vida.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:25:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3242.pdf: 2170601 bytes, checksum: 29988c9ffa67287b69aa76d549392562 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-01 / The changes occurred in our society in the last few years have immediately reflected in the school sphere. Nowadays, in the educational context there is a great international effort in favor of the inclusive education, which proposes to welcome students from any belief, race, social or financial background and who also may have any kind of disability. In this direction, this research has as objective to investigate the perceptions of deaf and hearing impaired students, included in state schools, concerning the teaching and learning process of a second language as part of the school curriculum, and therefore discuss the legislation which obliges those students to be in regular classrooms as well as the questions brought about regarding the process of inclusion. The subjects of the research are deaf or hearing impaired students from the 5th grade Elementary School to the 3rd grade High School, in the region of Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. It is a qualitative research, whose data were collected throught: (a) classroom observation; (b) questionnaires and interviews, intermediated by a professional specialized in sign language and (c) drawings. As a result, the data analyses have revealed that the students degree of language knowledge, of performance and of inclusion is related to individual characteristics. / As mudanças presenciadas em nossa sociedade nos últimos anos têm tido reflexos imediatos no âmbito escolar. Há, atualmente, no contexto educacional forte movimento mundial a favor da educação inclusiva, a qual propõe o acolhimento de todos os alunos independentemente de suas crenças, raças, credos, status social e financeiro ou que sejam deficientes físicos, intelectuais ou sensoriais. Inserida nesse contexto inclusivo, essa pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar as percepções sobre as aulas de língua inglesa de alunos com surdez ou com algum grau de perda auditiva, em escolas públicas estaduais e, a partir delas, discutir os aportes legais que obrigam esses alunos a frequentar classes regulares e bem como as questões surgidas do processo de inclusão. Alunos com surdez ou com deficiência auditiva que frequentam desde a 5ª. série do Ensino Fundamental à 3ª. série do Ensino Médio de uma região do interior do Estado de São Paulo foram os sujeitos da pesquisa. É uma investigação de base qualitativa, cujos dados foram obtidos por meio de (a) observação direta em sala de aula, (b) questionários e entrevistas, intermediados por um professor especializado em audicomunicação e (c) desenhos. Como resultado, a análise dos dados aponta que o grau de conhecimento da língua, de desempenho e de inclusão desse tipo de aluno está relacionado a características individuais.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo a elaboração de parâmetros, baseados no design pedagógico, para a construção de materiais educacionais digitais (MED's). Esse tema justifica-se na necessidade desses materiais serem elaborados a partir do concomitante planejamento técnico, gráfico e pedagógico. Para o desenvolvimento desta dissertação, primeiramente realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os principais fatores técnicos, gráficos e pedagógicos envolvidos na elaboração de materiais digitais. Após, desenvolveu-se a conceituação e as metas do design pedagógico, empregando-as na construção do objeto de aprendizagem (OA) PEDESIGN. A partir da aplicação do referido OA em dois cursos, foram coletados dados que, após analisados e discutidos, originaram como resultado uma tabela de parâmetros para a construção de materiais educacionais digitais baseados no design pedagógico. A partir da proposição desses parâmetros, objetiva-se incentivar a reflexão de professores, pedagogos, designers e desenvolvedores de materiais educacionais digitais sobre a aplicação do design pedagógico em MED's. / The present paper aims at generating pedagogic-design-based parameters for the developing of digital educational materials (DEMs). This theme lays on the necessity of developing these materials according to a technical, graphical and pedagogic planning. Primarily, in order to develop this dissertation, a bibliographic research on the main technical, graphic and pedagogic factors involved in the elaboration of digital materials was accomplished. After that, the conceptualization and the objectives of pedagogic design were developed to be used in the elaboration of PEDESIGN learning object (LO). Through the application of the referred LO in two courses, it was accomplished the collection of data which were analyzed and discussed and later originated a table of parameters for the elaboration of pedagogic-design-based digital educational materials. The proposal of such parameters aims at motivating the reflection of teachers, pedagogues, designers and digital educational materials developers on the application of pedagogic design in DEMs.