- About
-
The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is
provided by the
Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
Search results
Showing 1 to 8 of 8 (0.044 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"legal andevidence"" "subject:"legal evidendence""
| 1 |
Bayes Rules: A Bayesian-Intuit Approach to Legal EvidenceLikwornik, Helena 19 January 2012 (has links)
The law too often avoids or misuses statistical evidence. This problem is partially explained by the absence of a shared normative framework for working with such evidence. There is considerable disagreement within the legal community about how statistical evidence relates to legal inquiry. It is proposed that the first step to addressing the problem is to accept Bayesianism as a normative framework that leads to outcomes that largely align with legal intuitions. It is only once this has been accepted that we can proceed to encourage education about common conceptual errors involving statistical
evidence as well as techniques to limit their occurrence. Objections to using Bayesianism in the legal context are addressed. It is argued that the
objection based on the irrelevance of statistical evidence is fundamentally incoherent in its failure to identify most evidence as statistical. Second, objections to the incompleteness of a Bayesian approach in accounting for non-truth-related values do place legitimate limits on the use of Bayesianism in the law but in no way undermine its normative usefulness. Lastly, many criticisms of the role of Bayesianism in the law rest
on misunderstandings of the meaning and manipulation of statistical evidence and are best addressed by presenting statistical evidence in ways that encourage correct understanding. Once it is accepted that, put in its proper place, a Bayesian approach to understanding statistical evidence can align with most fundamental legal intuitions, a less fearful approach to the use of statistical evidence in the law can emerge.
|
| 2 |
Bayes Rules: A Bayesian-Intuit Approach to Legal EvidenceLikwornik, Helena 19 January 2012 (has links)
The law too often avoids or misuses statistical evidence. This problem is partially explained by the absence of a shared normative framework for working with such evidence. There is considerable disagreement within the legal community about how statistical evidence relates to legal inquiry. It is proposed that the first step to addressing the problem is to accept Bayesianism as a normative framework that leads to outcomes that largely align with legal intuitions. It is only once this has been accepted that we can proceed to encourage education about common conceptual errors involving statistical
evidence as well as techniques to limit their occurrence. Objections to using Bayesianism in the legal context are addressed. It is argued that the
objection based on the irrelevance of statistical evidence is fundamentally incoherent in its failure to identify most evidence as statistical. Second, objections to the incompleteness of a Bayesian approach in accounting for non-truth-related values do place legitimate limits on the use of Bayesianism in the law but in no way undermine its normative usefulness. Lastly, many criticisms of the role of Bayesianism in the law rest
on misunderstandings of the meaning and manipulation of statistical evidence and are best addressed by presenting statistical evidence in ways that encourage correct understanding. Once it is accepted that, put in its proper place, a Bayesian approach to understanding statistical evidence can align with most fundamental legal intuitions, a less fearful approach to the use of statistical evidence in the law can emerge.
|
| 3 |
Hermenêutica da prova e argumentação jurídica na era do processo eletrônico do trabalho / Hermeneutcs of legal evidence and legal reasoning in the era of electronic labor process.Pirotta, Wilson Ricardo Buquetti 12 June 2013 (has links)
O presente trabalho tomou como ponto de partida as recentes alterações legislativas que instituíram o processo judicial eletrônico para a reflexão sobre a produção da prova judicial no processo do trabalho, sua interpretação e sua instrumentalização na argumentação jurídica. O primeiro capítulo examina, a partir de fragmentos literários, as relações entre texto e testemunho sob o prisma das relações entre a estrutura do texto e os eventos narrados. O segundo capítulo dedica-se a expor as alterações legislativas que deram azo ao presente trabalho e algumas interpretações que serviram de base às reflexões dos capítulos seguintes, localizando-os no contexto da modernidade ocidental e destacando as bases metodológicas empregadas na pesquisa que resultou na presente tese. O terceiro capítulo dedica-se a fazer uma breve reflexão sobre o conceito de verdade, nas acepções do senso comum e da filosofia, relacionando-as com as correntes positivistas em filosofia e no direito, e a apresentar uma crítica a tais conceitos sob a perspectiva das ciências sociais. No quarto capítulo, são estudadas as normas que regem a produção da prova no processo do trabalho. O quinto capítulo apresenta uma discussão sobre o fato relevante para o processo judicial e sua prova, sob o enfoque da filosofia analítica, da hermenêutica e das teorias da argumentação. Nas considerações finais, pondera-se que o processo hermenêutico de interpretação da norma é concomitante ao processo de interpretação das provas judiciais e da construção da matéria fática no processo. Matéria de fato e matéria de direito se interpenetram no círculo hermenêutico de compreensão do caso judicial e determinam-se mutuamente. Os fatos somente são perceptíveis no momento mesmo da pré-compreensão da interpretação da norma que será levada em conta, ao mesmo tempo em que a norma a ser invocada somente e passa a existir com a pré-compreensão dos fatos que lhe dão estofo. / This study has its starting point in the recent legislative changes that instituted the electronic judicial process and has intended a reflection on the production of evidence in labor process, its interpretation and its use in legal reasoning. Based in literary fragments, the first chapter examines the relationships between text and testimony from the perspective of the relationship between the structure of the text and the events narrated. The second chapter is dedicated to exposing the legislative changes that led to this work and some interpretations that served as the basis for reflections of the following chapters, locating them in the context of Western modernity and highlighting the methodological bases used in the research that resulted in this thesis. The third chapter is devoted to a brief reflection on the concept of truth in the meanings of common sense and philosophy, relating them with positivist philosophy and legal positivism, and to present a critique of these concepts from the perspective of social sciences. The fourth chapter studies the rules governing the production of evidence in the labor process. The fifth chapter presents a discussion of the relevant fact for the lawsuit and its proof, from the standpoint of analytic philosophy, hermeneutics and theories of reasoning. The last chapter considers that the process of hermeneutic interpretation of law is concomitant to the process of judicial interpretation of the evidence and the construction of the factual material in the process. Matter of fact and matter of law intermingle in the hermeneutic circle of understanding the court case and determine each other. The facts are noticeable only when the \"pre-understanding\" interpretation of the law that will be taken into account. At the same time, the law to be invoked only comes into existence with the \"pre-understanding\" of the facts that give them substance.
|
| 4 |
A relação entre o tipo penal e a prova pericial contábil: evidências nos laudos contábeis da perícia criminal federal sobre o crime de apropriação indébita previdenciária / The relationship between the crimincal type and accounting proof: evidences in the accounting reports issued by the Brazilian federal police criminal experts about the social security misappropriation offenseOliveira, Álan Teixeira de 11 June 2012 (has links)
A prova pericial tem destaque especial em nosso ordenamento jurídico denotando sua importância para o deslinde de controvérsias que exigem um conhecimento técnico especializado. Na área contábil, especificamente no contexto dos crimes previdenciários, a prova pericial tem função relevante para a materialização de crimes desta natureza. Para tanto, parte-se do princípio que, para cada tipo penal, um conjunto distinto e específico de exames periciais é necessário para sua materialização. No entanto, em 10 de março de 2008, o Supremo Tribunal Federal - STF apresentou novo entendimento doutrinário sobre o crime de apropriação indébita previdenciária (art. 168A do Código Penal brasileiro), considerando-o como material, e não como formal, conforme era o entendimento majoritário até então. Dessa forma, o propósito deste estudo é o de investigar a tese defendida de que se houver variação no próprio tipo penal, haverá também variação no conjunto dos exames periciais que comprovam sua materialidade, no caso, a variação ocorrida no conjunto de exames periciais contábeis realizados pela perícia criminal federal para materialização do crime de apropriação indébita previdenciária depois da decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal em março de 2008. A pesquisa empírica foi realizada num total de 72 laudos contábeis emitidos pela criminalística da Polícia Federal no período de junho de 2006 a dezembro de 2010, referentes ao crime de apropriação indébita previdenciária, para verificar a natureza das provas utilizadas e o conjunto de exames periciais realizados, antes e depois da decisão do STF. Como resultado, pôde-se verificar uma quantidade ligeiramente superior de exames periciais realizados no período após a decisão do STF. Assim, se pode concluir que a decisão do STF, que modificou o entendimento deste tipo penal, considerando-o não como crime formal, mas como omissivo material, provocou alteração também no conjunto probatório desse tipo por meio dos exames periciais contábeis realizados nos laudos emitidos pela perícia criminal federal, confirmandose a tese defendida nesta pesquisa. / The forensic evidence has special prominence in our legal system denoting its importance to solve ongoing disputes that require technical expertise. In the accounting field, most specifically involving social security issues, the forensic evidence plays a relevant role to the materialization of such crimes. Thus, it is assumed that for the materialization of a distinct criminal offense is required a set of specific and distinguished forensic accounting exams. However, the doctrine and jurisprudence over the crime of social security misappropriation (Article 168A of the Brazilian Penal Code) have been affected by the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) decision on March 10th, 2008 ruling it no longer as formal crime but a material crime. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether a change in the criminal offense type would imply a change in the set of forensic accounting exams necessary to prove its materiality, in this case social security misappropriation in the light of Brazilian Supreme Court rulings after March 10th, 2008. An empirical research was conducted using 72 forensic accounting reports involving Social Security Misappropriation Crime, which were issued by the Brazilian Federal Police Accounting Experts from June 2006 to December 2010, in order to determine whether the nature of the evidence and the set of the necessary forensic exams had been affected after STF new rulings. As a result it was noted a slightly higher number of forensic accounting exams on the subject matter after such rulings. Therefore this study, confirming the proposed thesis, lead to the conclusion that the change in the criminal offense type due to the new STF understandings on the matter have affected the total set of evidence and forensic accounting exams necessary to prove Social Security Misappropriation Crime.
|
| 5 |
A relação entre o tipo penal e a prova pericial contábil: evidências nos laudos contábeis da perícia criminal federal sobre o crime de apropriação indébita previdenciária / The relationship between the crimincal type and accounting proof: evidences in the accounting reports issued by the Brazilian federal police criminal experts about the social security misappropriation offenseÁlan Teixeira de Oliveira 11 June 2012 (has links)
A prova pericial tem destaque especial em nosso ordenamento jurídico denotando sua importância para o deslinde de controvérsias que exigem um conhecimento técnico especializado. Na área contábil, especificamente no contexto dos crimes previdenciários, a prova pericial tem função relevante para a materialização de crimes desta natureza. Para tanto, parte-se do princípio que, para cada tipo penal, um conjunto distinto e específico de exames periciais é necessário para sua materialização. No entanto, em 10 de março de 2008, o Supremo Tribunal Federal - STF apresentou novo entendimento doutrinário sobre o crime de apropriação indébita previdenciária (art. 168A do Código Penal brasileiro), considerando-o como material, e não como formal, conforme era o entendimento majoritário até então. Dessa forma, o propósito deste estudo é o de investigar a tese defendida de que se houver variação no próprio tipo penal, haverá também variação no conjunto dos exames periciais que comprovam sua materialidade, no caso, a variação ocorrida no conjunto de exames periciais contábeis realizados pela perícia criminal federal para materialização do crime de apropriação indébita previdenciária depois da decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal em março de 2008. A pesquisa empírica foi realizada num total de 72 laudos contábeis emitidos pela criminalística da Polícia Federal no período de junho de 2006 a dezembro de 2010, referentes ao crime de apropriação indébita previdenciária, para verificar a natureza das provas utilizadas e o conjunto de exames periciais realizados, antes e depois da decisão do STF. Como resultado, pôde-se verificar uma quantidade ligeiramente superior de exames periciais realizados no período após a decisão do STF. Assim, se pode concluir que a decisão do STF, que modificou o entendimento deste tipo penal, considerando-o não como crime formal, mas como omissivo material, provocou alteração também no conjunto probatório desse tipo por meio dos exames periciais contábeis realizados nos laudos emitidos pela perícia criminal federal, confirmandose a tese defendida nesta pesquisa. / The forensic evidence has special prominence in our legal system denoting its importance to solve ongoing disputes that require technical expertise. In the accounting field, most specifically involving social security issues, the forensic evidence plays a relevant role to the materialization of such crimes. Thus, it is assumed that for the materialization of a distinct criminal offense is required a set of specific and distinguished forensic accounting exams. However, the doctrine and jurisprudence over the crime of social security misappropriation (Article 168A of the Brazilian Penal Code) have been affected by the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) decision on March 10th, 2008 ruling it no longer as formal crime but a material crime. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether a change in the criminal offense type would imply a change in the set of forensic accounting exams necessary to prove its materiality, in this case social security misappropriation in the light of Brazilian Supreme Court rulings after March 10th, 2008. An empirical research was conducted using 72 forensic accounting reports involving Social Security Misappropriation Crime, which were issued by the Brazilian Federal Police Accounting Experts from June 2006 to December 2010, in order to determine whether the nature of the evidence and the set of the necessary forensic exams had been affected after STF new rulings. As a result it was noted a slightly higher number of forensic accounting exams on the subject matter after such rulings. Therefore this study, confirming the proposed thesis, lead to the conclusion that the change in the criminal offense type due to the new STF understandings on the matter have affected the total set of evidence and forensic accounting exams necessary to prove Social Security Misappropriation Crime.
|
| 6 |
視訊(Video)證據之刑事證據調查程序─以美國法為中心 / Video Evidence in Criminal Investigation Procedure: Focusing on American Law卓巧琦, Cho, Chiao Chi Unknown Date (has links)
視訊資料於現今社會下於生活中廣泛被使用，從專門用於拍攝影片的V8、DV，到結合攝影功能的數位相機，更甚至於最近的手機、平版電腦，其之影片拍攝之功能，更成為其之基本配備。是以，視訊資料做為證據使用，亦隨之成為普遍，視訊證據於刑事審判程序如何被使用，將有討論的必要。
除說明本文之研究動機、研究目的、研究方法及範圍外，本文依序探討視訊資料之發展以及視訊證據之概念與優缺點，並藉由介紹美國學者對於視訊證據之分類，以建立視訊證據之討論基礎。接著，討論視訊證據於美國刑事審判程序之調查規範與適用，並分析視訊證據於美國刑事審判程序調查時所可能發生之問題，探究美國刑事審判實務相應之解決方案。最後，比較與我國刑事審判實務上對於視訊證據調查之差異，以供我國刑事審判實務之借鏡外，亦藉此分析視訊證據於我國刑事審判程序調查時所可能發生之問題，並尋求相應之解決方案。 / Video evidence is extensively used nowadays. From the use of professional motion-filming video 8 mm and digital video to digital cameras with filming function, as well as cell phones and tablet personal computers, the function of motion-filming has recently become essential and indispensable. Therefore, video evidence treated as evidence is progressively common, and it is necessary to discuss how video evidence is used in criminal trial procedure.
In addition to elaborating the observation motive, purpose, method and scope of this thesis, the progress of video materials as well as the concept and odds and ends of video evidence will be sequentially discussed. Furthermore, the discussion ground for video evidence will be built by means of introducing the classification of video evidence from scholars in the U.S. To continue, there will be a focus on the discussion of the investigation rules and application of video evidence in the U.S. criminal trial procedure, and then analyze the possible questions which may arise while using video evidence in criminal trial procedure in the U.S. as well as explore the corresponding solutions used in the U.S. In conclusion, the U.S. will be used as a reference model by comparing the divergences of the investigation process in video evidence between our country and the U.S. In the meantime, the probable questions that we might confront while investigating video evidence in criminal trial procedure will be assayed, and afterwards, the corresponding solutions will be searched for.
|
| 7 |
Proposta metodológica de perícia contábil para o crime de apropriação indébita previdenciáriaOliveira, Alan Teixeira de 31 August 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Álan Teixeira de Oliveira (alan.forensic@gmail.com) on 2012-11-02T20:20:39Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL (Álan - 010952002).pdf: 1558396 bytes, checksum: 1650de89b0f3b857855655548d62263b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2012-11-05T16:05:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL (Álan - 010952002).pdf: 1558396 bytes, checksum: 1650de89b0f3b857855655548d62263b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-11-06T12:46:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL (Álan - 010952002).pdf: 1558396 bytes, checksum: 1650de89b0f3b857855655548d62263b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-06T12:47:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL (Álan - 010952002).pdf: 1558396 bytes, checksum: 1650de89b0f3b857855655548d62263b (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-08-31 / No decorrer dos últimos anos vêm ocorrendo uma demanda crescente da utilização de serviços periciais nos mais diversos campos. No campo contábil, especificamente no contexto dos crimes previdenciários, a gama de serviços periciais contábeis prestados às lides forenses aumenta a cada dia que passa. Este estudo trata da perícia contábil como meio de prova para materialização do crime de apropriação indébita previdenciária. O desenvolvimento do tema foi efetuado a partir da pesquisa efetuada por Oliveira (2012), que comprovou a relação existente entre tipo penal e a prova pericial contábil, bem como de interpretações da legislação pertinente, no caso, a Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil, Código Penal, Código do Processo Penal e Normas Brasileiras de Contabilidade aplicáveis à perícia. Esta dissertação teve por objetivo a proposição de metodologia para realização de exames periciais que visam a comprovação do cometimento do crime de apropriação indébita previdenciária. A pesquisa empírica foi realizada num total de 79 laudos contábeis emitidos pela criminalística da Polícia Federal no período de junho de 2006 a junho de 2011, envolvendo os exames periciais sobre o crime de apropriação indébita previdenciária, para verificar a natureza das provas utilizadas nestes exames, e, por conseguinte, reunir o conjunto probatório utilizado. Como resultado da pesquisa realizada, foi apresentada uma metodologia para realização de exames periciais contendo o conjunto probatório considerado essencial para a materialização do crime de apropriação indébita previdenciária. / Over the last few years have been experiencing a growing demand the use of expert services in various fields. In the accounting field, specifically in the context of social security crimes, the range of forensic accounting services provided to forensic labors increases with each passing day. This study deals with accounting expertise as evidence for materialization the crime of social security misappropriation. The development of the theme was made based on the research conducted by Oliveira (2012), who proved the link between a distinct criminal offense and its set of specific and distinguished forensic accounting exams, as well as from interpretations of the relevant legislation in the case, the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Criminal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code and Brazilian Accounting Standards applied to forensic accounting. Thus, the purpose of this study aimed to propose a methodology for conducting forensic accounting exams aimed at materializing the crime of social security misappropriation. An empirical research was conducted using 79 forensic accounting reports involving Social Security Misappropriation Crime, which were issued by the Brazilian Federal Police Accounting Experts from June 2006 to June 2011, in order to determine the nature of the evidence used in these reports, and therefore the set of probing forensic accounting exams. As a result of the survey it was presented methodology for conducting forensic accounting exams including a total set of evidence considered essential for the materialization of the social security misappropriation crime.
|
| 8 |
Om informationstekniskt bevisEkfeldt, Jonas January 2016 (has links)
Information technology evidence consists of a mix of representations of various applications of digital electronic equipment, and can be brought to the fore in all contexts that result in legal decisions. The occurrence of such evidence in legal proceedings, and other legal decision-making, is a phenomenon previously not researched within legal science in Sweden. The thesis examines some of the consequences resulting from the occurrence of information technology evidence within Swedish practical legal and judicial decision-making. The thesis has three main focal points. The first consists of a broad identification of legal problems that information technology evidence entails. The second focal point examines the legal terminology associated with information technology evidence. The third focal point consists of identifying sources of error pertaining to information technology evidence from the adjudicator’s point of view. The examination utilizes a Swedish legal viewpoint from a perspective of the public trust in courts. Conclusions include a number of legal problems in several areas, primarily in regards to the knowledge of the adjudicator, the qualification of different means of evidence and the consequences of representational evidence upon its evaluation. In order to properly evaluate information technology evidence, judges are – to a greater extent than for other types of evidence – in need of (objective) knowledge supplementary to that provided by parties and their witnesses and experts. Furthermore, the current Swedish evidence terminology has been identified as a complex of problems in and of itself. The thesis includes suggestions on certain additions to this terminology. Several sources of error have been identified as being attributable to different procedures associated with the handling of information technology evidence, in particular in relation to computer forensic investigations. There is a general need for future research focused on matters regarding both standards of proof for and evaluation of information technology evidence. In addition, a need for deeper legal scientific studies aimed at evidence theory has been identified, inter alia regarding the extent to which frequency theories are applicable in respect to information technology evidence. The need for related further discussions on future emerging areas such as negative evidence and predictive evidence are foreseen.
|
Page generated in 0.049 seconds