In Introduction, the author of this dissertation deals with postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE), hereditary and acquired risk factors, prophylaxis regimens and recent recommendation of VTE prevention in surgery. In Practical part of this work the author assesses the risk of VTE in surgical patients according to risk assessment model. Genetic testing is carried out in all patients to determine the incidence of hereditary thrombophilia and coagulation markers are measured in 28-days postoperative period. Prevalence of VTE in 1-year postoperative period is observed. The results are analysed in group of patients with benign disease (hernia and gallstone disease) and group of patients with malignancy (colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer) separately. The objective of this work is to determine the incidence of the most frequent thrombophilic mutations (factor V Leiden mutation and protrombin G20210A mutation) and assess the impact of hereditary thrombophilia on incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolism in general surgery. Validation of venous thrombosis risk assessment model recommended by Czech Society for Thrombosis and Hemostasis is further objective.

In Introduction, the author of this dissertation deals with postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE), hereditary and acquired risk factors, prophylaxis regimens and recent recommendation of VTE prevention in surgery. In Practical part of this work the author assesses the risk of VTE in surgical patients according to risk assessment model. Genetic testing is carried out in all patients to determine the incidence of hereditary thrombophilia and coagulation markers are measured in 28-days postoperative period. Prevalence of VTE in 1-year postoperative period is observed. The results are analysed in group of patients with benign disease (hernia and gallstone disease) and group of patients with malignancy (colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer) separately. The objective of this work is to determine the incidence of the most frequent thrombophilic mutations (factor V Leiden mutation and protrombin G20210A mutation) and assess the impact of hereditary thrombophilia on incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolism in general surgery. Validation of venous thrombosis risk assessment model recommended by Czech Society for Thrombosis and Hemostasis is further objective.

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Anhand einer umfassenden Falldarstellung einer jungen Patientin mit einem lebensbedrohlichen Gesichtsschmerzsyndrom, das nach septischer Thrombose der periorbitalen venösen und arteriellen Gefäße aufgetreten war, wurde die Bedeutung einer medikamentösen Antikoagulation für die erfolgreiche Schmerztherapie herausgearbeitet. An diesem Fallbeispiel konnte aber auch gezeigt werden, dass keine sicheren Parameter für die Indikation einer solchen Gerinnungstherapie vorlagen. Die Bedeutung dieses Falls lag unzweifelhaft in der Erkenntnis, dass in einer anhaltenden Aktivierung des Kontaktsystems der Gerinnung ein bislang unterschätztes Potential für die Entstehung und Unterhaltung ungeklärter Schmerzen liegen könnte und nicht zuletzt auch daran, dass sich diese ätiologische Komponente in der Komplexität der Erkrankung diagnostisch nicht eindeutig sichern ließ. Mit der Translokation von LPS aus der intestinalen Mukosa in endothelial vorgeschädigte Gefäßabschnitte wurde eine Hypothese vorgetragen, die neben einer schwer detektierbaren inflammatorischen Komponente auch das prokoagulatorische Potential der Schmerzentstehung erklären könnte. Die prokoagulatorische Komponente dieses hypothetischen Entstehungs-mechanismus chronischer Schmerzen müsste, so die Arbeitshypothese, umso dominanter sein, wenn prokoagulatorisch wirksame genetische Faktoren bei den Patienten hinzukommen. Unter der Annahme, dass eine solche zusätzliche Diathese nicht nur eine Schrittmacherfunktion haben, sondern auch einen diagnostischen Beitrag liefern könnte, wurde dieses diagnostische Pilotprojekt mit der empirisch begründeten Heparintherapie von 97 Schmerzpatienten verbunden. Alle Pa-tienten wurden mit dem niedermolekularen Heparin Enoxaparin behandelt und nach zehn Behandlungstagen in vier verschiedene Respondergruppen (Gruppe 1 bis 4) eingeteilt. Diese Gruppen wurden auf fünf prothrombotische Parameter untersucht. Dazu wurden die Allelprävalenzen des Plasminogen Aktivator Inhibitor-(PAI-1 4G/5G) Polymorphismus, der Faktor V-Leiden-Mutation, der Prothrombin (G20210A) Genmutation sowie die Prävalenzen der Hyperfibrinogenämie und des Protein S-Mangels ermittelt. Mit Hilfe des exakten Fisher Tests wurden jeweils die Allelprävalenzen und Parameter sowohl der Respondergruppen 1 bis 3 mit einem Kollektiv der Allgemeinbevölkerung als auch mit dem Kollektiv der Non-Responder (Gruppe 4) verglichen. Die Prävalenz des Allels A der Faktor V-Leiden-Mutation G1691A war im Enoxaparin-Kollektiv bei den Respondern der Gruppen 1 bis 3 im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung und zur Non-Respondergruppe (Gruppe 4) signifikant erhöht. Die Allelprävalenzen und Parameter der übrigen prokoagulatorischen Faktoren unterschieden sich von denen der Kontrollgruppen nicht. Anhand des Kallikrein-Kinin-Systems als möglichem Effektor des Hämosta-sesystems konnten Hinweise auf die kausale Wirksamkeit des nieder-molekularen Heparins Enoxaparin bei der Behandlung chronischer Schmerzen gegeben werden. / We showed that low molecular heparins (enoxaparin) may help as a remedy in chronic pain syndromes. In our findings the inherited disorder Factor V Leiden was significantly higher in patients with chronic pain that had a benefit from enoxaparin in comparison to non-responders and to common population. The effect was proven by the Kallikrein-kinin-system.

Univ., Diss.--Basel, 1998.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-11-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:47:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santana_rk_dr_arafcf.pdf: 273636 bytes, checksum: 124503ffdad8ec844fb0d2464539002c (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A doença arterial coronariana representa uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade das populações, principalmente naquelas que habitam regiões desenvolvidas. Os considerados fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento dessa doença são bastante conhecidos e analisados, sendo verificada uma importância cada vez maior com relação aos riscos genéticos e a verificação da associação de sistemas polimórficos humanos com a propensão a desenvolver uma determinada doença. A partir desses estudos foi possível imaginar a ocorrência dos denominados marcadores genéticos, onde os autores realizam uma tentativa com vistas às possibilidades de correlacionar esses marcadores com a doença analisada. Foi propósito do presente trabalho estabelecer e verificar a validade para o nosso laboratório de uma metodologia molecular capaz de caracterizar a mutação G1691A no gene do fator V da coagulação, a mutação G20210A no gene da protrombina e as mutações C677T e G1793A no gene da metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase. Com essa possibilidade, verificar e correlacionar as freqüências dessas mutações em portadores de doença arterial coronariana, de não portadores de doença arterial coronariana e em doadores de sangue em uma parcela da população paulista. Para tanto foram estabelecidos três grupos de estudo constituídos por moradores da região de São José do Rio Preto, Estado de São Paulo, sendo dois deles classificados por cinecoronariografia como portadores de doença arterial coronariana e como não portadores de doença arterial coronariana, enquanto um terceiro grupo foi constituído por doadores de sangue da mesma região. A idade dos pacientes variava dos 36 aos 84 anos de idade, enquanto a do terceiro grupo variava dos 18 aos 55 anos de idade... / The coronary artery disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of people, especially those who inhabit the developed regions. The considered risk factors for the development of this disease are quite known and analyzed, being observed an increasingly regard to the risks of genetic and a verification of human polymorphic systems’ association to the propensity to develop a particular disease. From these studies it was possible to imagine the occurrence of so-called genetic markers, where the authors hold an attempt to view the possibilities of these markers be correlated to the disease examined. The purpose of this work was to establish and verify the validity of a molecular methodology capable of characterizing the mutation in G1691A in the gene of the clotting factor V, the mutation in the gene G20210A prothrombin and of the mutations in the gene C677T and G1793A of methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase. With this option, check and correlate the frequency of these mutations in individuals with coronary artery disease, in non individuals with coronary artery disease and in blood donors in a share of the Paulista population. Hence, three groups of study were established, consisting in residents of the region of Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, two of them classified by coronary angiography as bearers of coronary artery disease and non bearers individuals with coronary artery disease, while a third group was set by donors of blood in the same region. The patients' ages ranged from 36 to 84 years old, while the third group ranged from 18 to 55 years old. The genomic DNA was extracted with Amersham Pharmacia Biotech’s Kit, and the characterization of alleles involved in the change G1691A (factor V Leiden), the prothrombin G20210A, and G1793A of MTHFR C677T determined by gene amplification, followed by the performance of restriction enzyme, in accordance with established protocol... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Der Ausgang des Romans Die Leiden des Jungen Werther (1774, von Johann Wolfgang von Goethe) wird beim ersten Anblick oft als tragische Folge einer unglücklichen und unerwiderten Liebe zu Lotte angesehen. In dieser vorliegenden Arbeit wird der weit erforschten Frage der Unvermeidbarkeit des Suizids im Werk eine alternative Deutung geliefert. Diese ist außerhalb des Romans angesiedelt, und zeigt, dass der Suizid schon in der Epoche angelegt ist.

Histoire et suivi d'une cohorte multicentrique de 100 nouveau-nés à terme ayant eu un infarctus cérébral artériel (cohorte AVCnn). L’homogénéité de la population, le nombre d’inclus, la somme des données collectées et leur comparaison à des groupes témoins puis désormais la durée du suivi font de la cohorte AVCnn un outil de travail unique dans la littérature. Les premiers résultats ont permis de définir un profil obstétrico-néonatal clinique et biologique à risque (objectif principal de l'étude). Inversement d'autres facteurs de risque suspectés (comme les dysgravidies ou les mutations des facteurs II et V de la coagulation) n'ont pu être confirmés, probablement du fait de la sélectivité des critères d'inclusion; les études antérieures ayant en effet inclus des enfants avec divers types d'AVC périnatals. La cause de l'accident n'a été établie (objectif secondaire) que pour une minorité d'enfants. Il semble exister plusieurs mécanismes pathologiques, dont le poids de naissance et le sexe seraient des biomarqueurs. Des facteurs pronostiques (objectif secondaire) de l'évolution motrice, accessibles dès les premiers jours de vie à l'lRM, ont également été déterminés alors que les symptômes n'apparaîtront que plusieurs mois après. Ceci permet d'envisager qu'une prise en charge précoce et ciblée sur ces nouveau-nés serait d'autant plus efficace que l'enfant n'a pas encore de symptômes. L'évaluation de la qualité de vie et de l'autonomie à l'âge de 3,5 ans est terminée. L'évaluation développementale (profil moteur, neuropsychologique, langagier, comportemental, épileptique et réussite scolaire) et de la réorganisation fonctionnelle cérébrale par IRM à 7 ans viennent de débuter / The AVCnn study is a French multicentre cohort of 100 term newborns with symptomatic arterial ischemic stroke. The homogeneity of the population, the number of patients included, the amount of collected data and their comparison with control groups and duration of follow-up allow to make the cohort AVCnn unique in the literature. Initial data confirm that many obstetrical and perinatal factors are risk determinants (principal objective of the study). Conversely, other suspected risk factors (such as dysgravidia or mutations of coagulation factors II and V) were not confirmed, probably due to the selectivity of the inclusion criteria: previous studies have in fact included children with various types of perinatal stroke. The cause of the accident has been formally established (secondary objective) in only two cases. Nevertheless, birth weight and gender may be biomarkers of two populations of neonates with different pathological mechanisms. Prediction of motor outcomes (secondary objective) can be obtained from early imaging data (<28 days of live), while the symptoms will only appear several months later. This is of paramount importance to families and clinicians, because early intervention may help alleviate the resulting disabilities. The evaluation of quality of life and Functional Independence Measure at age 3.5 years is now complete. The developmental assessment (neuropsychological, language, and behavioural profiles, epilepsy and academic achievement) and the functional reorganization of brain MRI at 7 years have just begun