No description available.

Einleitung: Die konventionelle Milchviehhaltung muss bei steigender Leistung einer artgerechten Tierhaltung und dem Tierwohl gerecht werden. Gleichzeitig ist eine Zunahme von Schwer- und Totgeburten bei hochleistenden Milchrindern zu verzeichnen. Insbesondere Primipara weisen eine deutlich höhere Inzidenz für Dystokien und peripartale Kälberverluste auf als Multipara. Daher steht die endokrine Situation der erstkalbenden Milchrinder und ihrer Kälber im Fokus dieser Studie. Ziel der Untersuchung: Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Einfluss und Zusammenhang ausgewählter endokriner Parameter mit dem Kalbeverlauf und dem postnatalen Zustand des Kalbes darzustellen. Dafür wurden die Parameter Progesteron (P4), Östradiol-17β (E2), Cortisol, Insulin, Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Leptin und freie Fettsäuren (NEFA) im peripartalen Zeitraum (14 Tage (d) antepartal (a.p.) bis 3 d postpartal (p.p.) bei den Studientieren aus 4 konventionellen Milchviehbetrieben ausgewertet. Weiterhin wurde der hormonelle Status der geborenen Kälber anhand der Parameter Cortisol, Insulin und IGF-1 untersucht. Zusätzlich erfolgte ein Vergleich zwischen den 4 Milchviehbetrieben mit unterschiedlichen Dystokie- und Verlustraten. Tiere, Material und Methoden: Diese Studie wurde von März 2019 bis Mai 2020 in 4 sächsischen konventionellen Milchviehbetrieben (Betrieb (B) 1 - 4) durchgeführt. Anhand der Kälberverlustraten von 2016 bis 2019 erfolgte bereits eine Kategorisierung in problematische B (B1 und 2) und unproblematische B (B3 und 4). Insgesamt wurden 162 Färsenkalbungen in die Studie eingeschlossen. Zur Erstuntersuchung ca. 14 d a.p. wurden Körpergewicht, Rückenfettdicke (RFD) und Body Condition Score (BCS) erfasst. Die Blutprobenentnahme bei den Färsen erfolgte im Abstand von 2 - 3 d bis zur Kalbung, beim Kalb direkt p.p. sowie 2 - 3 d p.p. bei Färse und Kalb. Das Kälbergeburtsgewicht wurde erfasst und die Kalbungen nach Schwer- und Normalgeburt (SG und NG) sowie Tot- und Lebendgeburt (TG und LG) anhand der endokrinen Parameter ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die 162 begleiteten Kalbungen ergaben einen Anteil von 37,1 % SG (B1: 33,3 %, B2: 64,3 %, B3: 23,9 %, B4: 25,0 %; NG: 62,9 %). Die Kategorisierung konnte bestätigt werden, wobei B1 und B2 als problematisch sowie B3 und B4 als unproblematisch eingeordnet wurden. Die TG- Rate lag bei 9,3 % (B1 und B2: je 11,9 %, B3: 4,4 %, B4: 9,3 %; LG: 90,7 %). Es resultierten mehr LG aus NG (94,1 % NG vs. 85,0 % SG) und mehr TG aus SG (15,0 % SG vs. 5,9 % NG). Das Geburtsgewicht hatte keinen Einfluss auf den Kalbeverlauf (p > 0,05). Die problematischen B1 und 2 zeigten ein jüngeres Erstkalbealter mit geringerer Körpermasse und höherer Körperkondition (RFD, BCS) im Vergleich zu den unproblematischen B3 und 4 (p > 0,05). Kontrovers dazu sank mit steigender RFD die Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine SG. Die Hormone P4 und E2 zeigten einen physiologischen Verlauf im peripartalen Zeitraum für alle Studientiere ohne konkreten Zusammenhang mit Kalbeverlauf und Kälbervitalität. Cortisol war bei den Färsen der problematischen B tendenziell zu allen Zeitpunkten höher. Die höchsten Cortisolwerte wurden zur Kalbung, jedoch ohne signifikanten Zusammenhang mit dem Verlauf und Ausgang der Geburt, gemessen. Kälber aus SG hatten direkt p.p. höhere Cortisolwerte als aus NG (p < 0,05). Die stoffwechselassoziierten Parameter (Insulin, IGF-1, Leptin, NEFA) zeigten für alle Studientiere das Vorliegen einer peripartalen negativen Energiebilanz an. Kurz vor der Geburt gingen höhere IGF-1-Werte mit einer sinkenden und höhere NEFA-Werte mit einer steigenden Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine SG einher. Präpartal korrelierten Insulin, IGF-1 und Leptin positiv miteinander (p < 0,05) und negativ mit NEFA (p < 0,05) sowie die Körperkondition positiv mit Insulin (p < 0,001) und Leptin (p < 0,05). Das Insulin der Kälber stieg bis zum 2. - 3. Lebenstag an. Das Kälbergeburtsgewicht korrelierte positiv mit den IGF- 1-Werten der Kälber und den Leptin-Werten der Färsen. Schlussfolgerung: Färsen der problematischen B1 und 2 zeigten zur ersten Kalbung tendenziell eine mangelnde körperliche Entwicklung mit Überkonditionierung. Zusätzlich konnte für diese Tiere eine größere metabolische Belastung mit stärkeren Stressoren festgestellt werden. Diese Faktoren hatten in unserer Studie einen negativen Einfluss auf den Kalbeverlauf und folglich auf die Totgeburtenrate. Eine gute körperliche Entwicklung mit entsprechender Kondition, ein stabiler Stoffwechsel durch adäquate Versorgung, eine stressarme Umgebung und eine optimale prä-, intra- und postpartale Betreuung von Färse und Kalb haben einen positiven Einfluss auf den endokrinen Status der Tiere und letztlich auf die Inzidenz von Schwer- und Totgeburten.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Alterações metabólicas, inflamatórias e do sistema nervoso autônomo estão presentes em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. No entanto, não há até o momento, consenso de que tais alterações são decorrentes da disfunção ventricular ou da síndrome de insuficiência cardíaca. Objetivo: Avaliacão do metabolismo e atividade inflamatória em pacientes com miocardiopatia dilatada chagásica e idiopática e sua correlação com medidas de funcão do sistema nervoso autônomo. Casuística: Foram avaliados 46 pacientes divididos em três grupos: pacientes com miocardiopatia dilatada idiopática, chagásica e controle, pareados entre si de acordo com sexo e idade e índice de massa corpórea. Critérios de inclusão: miocardiopatia chagásica com sorologia positiva em dois métodos diferentes (imunofluorescência indireta e ELISA) e miocardiopatia dilatada idiopática com idade superior a 18 anos; ambos os sexos; Índice de massa corporal (IMC) entre 18,5 e 25 kg/m2 e fração de ejeção < 40% pelo método de Simpson ao ecocardiograma. Metodologia: Todos pacientes foram submetidos a medidas antropométricas: índice de massa corporal e medida da porcentagem de gordura corporal através de bioimpedância. Coletado sangue para dosagens sanguíneas de leptina, adiponectina, interleucina-6, fator de necrose tumoral, glicose, insulina, colesterol total, HDL-Colesterol, LDL-Colesterol e triglicerídeos após jejum de 12 horas e realizados: Holter de 24 horas para avaliação da função autonômica, ecocardiograma transtorácico bidimensional complementado com modo-M, Doppler pulsátil, tecidual e colorido. Resultados: Não houve diferenças entre os grupos com relação a dosagem de glicemia, colesterol total, LDL-colesterol, HDL-colesterol e triglicerídeos. Com relação à leptina e adiponectina e o índice HOMA-IR, não houve diferença entre os grupos. As dosagens de insulina foram menores no grupo chagásico em comparação ao grupo controle e de idiopático (5,4; 8,0; 9,9) respectivamente (p = 0,007). As dosagens de interleucina-6 e fator de necrose tumoral-alfa foram maiores no grupo chagásico em relação aos outros grupos. A insulina correlacionou positivamente no grupo chagásico com leptina (r = 0,579; p = 0,024) e sistema nervoso autônomo ( atividade simpática) BF/AF ( r = 0,562; p = 0,029) e BF (r = 0,562; p = 0,029) e negativamente com adiponectina (r = -0,603; p = 0,017). Na análise multivariada, apenas a adiponectina foi significante. A adição de uma unidade de adiponectina reduziu a média de insulina em 0,332. Conclusões: Os níveis de insulina foram menores nos pacientes com miocardiopatia chagásica em comparação aos pacientes com miocardiopatia dilatada idiopática e controle. Os níveis das citocinas inflamatórias (TNF-alfa e interleucina-6) foram maiores nos pacientes com miocardiopatia chagásica em comparação aos pacientes com miocardiopatia dilatada idiopática e controle. A insulina correlacionou negativamente no grupo chagásico com adiponectina / Metabolic, inflammatory and autonomic nervous system changes are present in patients with heart failure. However, there is so far, consensus that these changes are due to ventricular dysfunction or heart failure syndrome. Objective: Evaluation of metabolism and inflammatory activity in patients with Chagas\' disease and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and its correlation with user function measures the autonomic nervous system. Patients: A total of 46 patients divided into three groups: patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, Chagas and control, matched each other according to sex and age and body mass index. Inclusion criteria: serology for Chagas\' disease in two different methods (indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA); idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy; older than 18 years; both sexes; Body mass index (BMI), ie between 18.5 and 25 kg / m2 and ejection fraction < 40% by Simpson method by echocardiography. Methods: All patients underwent anthropometric measurements: body mass index and measure the percentage of body fat by bioimpedance. Blood was collected for blood leptin dosages, adiponectin, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDLcholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels after fasting for 12 hours and performed: 24 hours for evaluation Holter autonomic function, two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography complemented by M-mode, pulsed Doppler, tissue and colorful. Results: There were no differences between groups with respect to blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDLcholesterol and triglycerides. With respect to leptin and adiponectin and HOMAIR, there was no difference between groups. Insulin doses were lower in the chagasic group compared to the control group and Idiopathic: 5.4; 8.0; 9.9, respectively (p = 0.007). Dosages of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factoralpha were higher in the chagasic group compared to other groups. Insulin positively correlated in the chagasic group with leptin (r = 0.579; p = 0.024) and autonomic nervous system (sympathetic activity) LF / HF (r = 0.562; p = 0.029) and BF (r = 0.562; p = 0.029) and negatively with adiponectin (r = -0.603; p = 0.017). In multivariate analysis, only adiponectin was significant. The addition of an adiponectin unit reduced the average insulin 0.332. Conclusions: Insulin levels were lower in patients with Chagas\' heart disease compared to patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and control. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and interleukin-6) were higher in patients with Chagas\' heart disease compared to patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and control. Insulin negatively correlated with adiponectin in the chagasic group

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), caused by ischaemic heart disease (IHD), is a leading cause of death in both men and women in the western society. Hypertension, diabetes, and smoking are examples of well-known risk factors of IHD, but also there are psychosocial factors, such as stress, vital exhaustion (unusual fatigue, irritability, and demoralization) and depression that have been associated with an increased risk in both genders. After an AMI, however, women are more likely than men to be psychosocially impaired resulting in suffering and a presumed increase in the risk of recurrent cardiac events. Psychosocial factors may be targeted in secondary prevention, complementary to drug treatment and conventional lifestyle advice. There is some evidence of beneficial effects on both psychosocial well-being and cardiac outcomes by psychosocial interventions in men. Far fewer women have been studied and the results have been inconsistent. It is not clear how psychosocial factors convey the increased risk of cardiac events, but many possible psychopathological mechanisms, including biochemical and physiological links, have been suggested. In the Women’s Hearts study we have, in a randomised controlled trial, evaluated a one-year cognitive-behavioural stress management programme designed specifically for women with IHD. We included 198 women with IHD, with a mean age of 61 years and from the county of Västerbotten in Northern Sweden, who were randomised to either conventional treatment and follow-up, or to stress management in addition to conventional care. Extensive questionnaires, blood samplings, and biomedical and physiologic data were obtained before randomisation, as well as at follow-ups approximately one and two years after randomisation. Two groups of healthy controls were included for comparisons with women with IHD. Compared to women without IHD, women with IHD reported more stress behaviour and vital exhaustion. Women with IHD also had a lower heart rate variability (HRV) than the healthy controls, possibly reflecting a dysfunctional autonomic nervous regulation of the heart. Reduced HRV has been shown to increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. At the first follow-up, performed at the end of the one-year stress management programme, women who had participated in the programme had reduced the stress behaviour and vital exhaustion, compared to the women in the conventional care group. We could not find any evidence of a direct cause-effect relationship between stress management and biological cardiovascular risk indicators, or HRV; the intervention and control groups did not differ in insulin resistance, inflammatory, haemostatic and fibrinolytic factors, or HRV. At second follow-up one year later, several additional psychosocial domains were studied. The stress management programme had accelerated psychosocial recovery at the first follow-up over and above that observed in the control group. At the second follow-up, there was further marked improvement in the control group, so the differences in psychosocial variables between the intervention and control groups were no longer significant. In conclusion, a cognitive-behavioural stress management programme could accelerate psychosocial improvement in women with IHD, and thus reduce the amount of psychological and psychosocial suffering. We could not find any evidence that the stress management programme was associated with a concomitant improvement in biological cardiovascular risk indicators, or HRV. Our results suggest that the women with the greatest psychosocial burden should be identified and targeted in new clinical trials of cognitive-behavioural interventions in women with IHD. Future studies within the Women’s Hearts project will evaluate the psychosocial effects at a five-year follow-up, as well as investigations of other possible pathways by which psychosocial interventions might mediate beneficial effects on cardiac events.

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C)(2) 課題番号:11670368 研究代表者:近藤 高明 研究期間:1999-2000年度

Alterações metabólicas, inflamatórias e do sistema nervoso autônomo estão presentes em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. No entanto, não há até o momento, consenso de que tais alterações são decorrentes da disfunção ventricular ou da síndrome de insuficiência cardíaca. Objetivo: Avaliacão do metabolismo e atividade inflamatória em pacientes com miocardiopatia dilatada chagásica e idiopática e sua correlação com medidas de funcão do sistema nervoso autônomo. Casuística: Foram avaliados 46 pacientes divididos em três grupos: pacientes com miocardiopatia dilatada idiopática, chagásica e controle, pareados entre si de acordo com sexo e idade e índice de massa corpórea. Critérios de inclusão: miocardiopatia chagásica com sorologia positiva em dois métodos diferentes (imunofluorescência indireta e ELISA) e miocardiopatia dilatada idiopática com idade superior a 18 anos; ambos os sexos; Índice de massa corporal (IMC) entre 18,5 e 25 kg/m2 e fração de ejeção < 40% pelo método de Simpson ao ecocardiograma. Metodologia: Todos pacientes foram submetidos a medidas antropométricas: índice de massa corporal e medida da porcentagem de gordura corporal através de bioimpedância. Coletado sangue para dosagens sanguíneas de leptina, adiponectina, interleucina-6, fator de necrose tumoral, glicose, insulina, colesterol total, HDL-Colesterol, LDL-Colesterol e triglicerídeos após jejum de 12 horas e realizados: Holter de 24 horas para avaliação da função autonômica, ecocardiograma transtorácico bidimensional complementado com modo-M, Doppler pulsátil, tecidual e colorido. Resultados: Não houve diferenças entre os grupos com relação a dosagem de glicemia, colesterol total, LDL-colesterol, HDL-colesterol e triglicerídeos. Com relação à leptina e adiponectina e o índice HOMA-IR, não houve diferença entre os grupos. As dosagens de insulina foram menores no grupo chagásico em comparação ao grupo controle e de idiopático (5,4; 8,0; 9,9) respectivamente (p = 0,007). As dosagens de interleucina-6 e fator de necrose tumoral-alfa foram maiores no grupo chagásico em relação aos outros grupos. A insulina correlacionou positivamente no grupo chagásico com leptina (r = 0,579; p = 0,024) e sistema nervoso autônomo ( atividade simpática) BF/AF ( r = 0,562; p = 0,029) e BF (r = 0,562; p = 0,029) e negativamente com adiponectina (r = -0,603; p = 0,017). Na análise multivariada, apenas a adiponectina foi significante. A adição de uma unidade de adiponectina reduziu a média de insulina em 0,332. Conclusões: Os níveis de insulina foram menores nos pacientes com miocardiopatia chagásica em comparação aos pacientes com miocardiopatia dilatada idiopática e controle. Os níveis das citocinas inflamatórias (TNF-alfa e interleucina-6) foram maiores nos pacientes com miocardiopatia chagásica em comparação aos pacientes com miocardiopatia dilatada idiopática e controle. A insulina correlacionou negativamente no grupo chagásico com adiponectina / Metabolic, inflammatory and autonomic nervous system changes are present in patients with heart failure. However, there is so far, consensus that these changes are due to ventricular dysfunction or heart failure syndrome. Objective: Evaluation of metabolism and inflammatory activity in patients with Chagas\' disease and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and its correlation with user function measures the autonomic nervous system. Patients: A total of 46 patients divided into three groups: patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, Chagas and control, matched each other according to sex and age and body mass index. Inclusion criteria: serology for Chagas\' disease in two different methods (indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA); idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy; older than 18 years; both sexes; Body mass index (BMI), ie between 18.5 and 25 kg / m2 and ejection fraction < 40% by Simpson method by echocardiography. Methods: All patients underwent anthropometric measurements: body mass index and measure the percentage of body fat by bioimpedance. Blood was collected for blood leptin dosages, adiponectin, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDLcholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels after fasting for 12 hours and performed: 24 hours for evaluation Holter autonomic function, two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography complemented by M-mode, pulsed Doppler, tissue and colorful. Results: There were no differences between groups with respect to blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDLcholesterol and triglycerides. With respect to leptin and adiponectin and HOMAIR, there was no difference between groups. Insulin doses were lower in the chagasic group compared to the control group and Idiopathic: 5.4; 8.0; 9.9, respectively (p = 0.007). Dosages of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factoralpha were higher in the chagasic group compared to other groups. Insulin positively correlated in the chagasic group with leptin (r = 0.579; p = 0.024) and autonomic nervous system (sympathetic activity) LF / HF (r = 0.562; p = 0.029) and BF (r = 0.562; p = 0.029) and negatively with adiponectin (r = -0.603; p = 0.017). In multivariate analysis, only adiponectin was significant. The addition of an adiponectin unit reduced the average insulin 0.332. Conclusions: Insulin levels were lower in patients with Chagas\' heart disease compared to patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and control. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and interleukin-6) were higher in patients with Chagas\' heart disease compared to patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and control. Insulin negatively correlated with adiponectin in the chagasic group

<p>  </p> <p>Cilia are cell appendages that sense our environment and are critical in cell-to-cell communication. Dysfunction of cilia can result in several disease states including obesity. While cilia in the brain are known to be important for feeding behavior, it is unclear how they regulate energy homeostasis. Classically, cilia coordinate signaling through surface receptors called G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). For example, cilia mediated GPCR signaling is critical for both our senses of vision and smell. How cilia regulate the signaling of GPCRs in other areas of the body including the brain is only now emerging. To answer cell biology questions around cilia mediated GPCR signaling in neurons, we developed a system for primary neuronal cultures. We discovered that the cilia mediated hedgehog pathway influences the ability of neurons to respond to GPCR ligands. For the first time, this result highlights the role of the hedgehog pathway in neurons. We continue to explore how cilia integrate the hedgehog pathway and GPCR signaling in the central nervous system, and the potential connections to energy homeostasis. We discovered that hedgehog pathway activity in feeding centers of the brain changes based upon feeding conditions like fasting. We also learned that activating the hedgehog pathway in these brain regions is sufficient to cause obesity in mice. These novel results highlight an unrecognized role for the hedgehog pathway in the regulation of feeding behavior. Overall, this work provides a better understanding of ciliopathy associated obesity and may reveal more common mechanisms of obesity in the general population. In addition, this work implicates the hedgehog pathway in regulating behaviors and new modes of cell-cell communication within the central nervous system.</p>