From the late nineteenth century, works inspired by Western art spread to China and Korea through Japan. Thus, Western art came to be accepted in China and Korea as a reinterpretation of Japan’s development of Western art, rather than a direct transmission from Western sources. This act of reinterpretation went on to have a lasting effect on the practice of Western-style painters in East Asia with their own acceptance modes. This thesis provides a study of self-portraits and nude paintings, two categories of painting without precedent in East Asia prior to the late nineteenth century, created by Kuroda Seiki, Li Shutong, Go Hui-dong, and Kim Gwan-ho in order to illustrate how East Asian countries established their own versions of modern art.

Submitted by Roberth Novaes (roberth.novaes@live.com) on 2018-07-17T12:54:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - LETÍCIA TELLES DA CRUZ - UFBa 2017.pdf: 1732644 bytes, checksum: db1dbf943c82c4248fcba9f24bef048b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Setor de Periódicos (per_macedocosta@ufba.br) on 2018-07-19T19:12:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - LETÍCIA TELLES DA CRUZ - UFBa 2017.pdf: 1732644 bytes, checksum: db1dbf943c82c4248fcba9f24bef048b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T19:12:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - LETÍCIA TELLES DA CRUZ - UFBa 2017.pdf: 1732644 bytes, checksum: db1dbf943c82c4248fcba9f24bef048b (MD5) / Esse trabalho de Tese apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa longitudinal, do tipo etnográfica e de natureza qualitativa, realizada com alunos do curso de Letras/Inglês da UNEB, Campus XIV, através do componente curricular Estágio Supervisionado, no período de 02 anos (2014 e 2015), motivada pela seguinte questão-problema: qual o efeito que o engajamento de professores de LI em formação, em um processo coletivo de reflexão, promove em suas crenças e, por consequência, em suas práticas? Com o objetivo de ajudá-los a rever as suas concepções de ensino/aprendizagem de Língua Inglesa (LI), a partir da investigação do que eles acreditavam (suas crenças) e como eles se comportavam (a influência das crenças no comportamento), “momentos catalisadores de reflexão” (BARCELOS, 2006c) permearam toda a pesquisa, ajudando-os a compreender as suas atitudes em sala de aula, as suas escolhas em termos de abordagem, metodologia e atividade, a partir do reconhecimento de suas crenças. A utilização de uma variedade de procedimentos/instrumentos para geração de dados, tais como questionários, oficinas/encontros, entrevistas, narrativas, observação de aulas dadas pelos participantes, forneceu informações que revelaram incongruências entre o dizer e o fazer desses professores em formação, movidos por crenças que são formadas ao longo da experiência de vida de cada um e que podem ser bem centrais e estáveis / This thesis brings the results of a longitudinal, qualitative and ethnographic research, conducted with students at the Bachelor's degree in Arts of the State University of Bahia (UNEB), Campus XIV, who were attending Estágio Supervisionado classes, for two years (2014 and 2015). It was motivated by the following research question: what‟s the effect that the engagement of pre-service English teachers in a collective process of reflection promotes in their beliefs and, consequently, in their practice? In order to help those students to review their conceptions in terms of English language teaching and learning, by researching what they believed (their beliefs) and how they‟ve behaved (the influence of beliefs on behavior), "catalysts moments of reflection" (BARCELOS, 2006c) took place along the research, helping them to understand their attitudes in the classroom, their choices in terms of approach, methodology and activities, from the recognition of their beliefs. The use of a variety of procedures / instruments for data generation, such as questionnaires, workshops/meetings, interviews, narratives, class observations, allowed wide access to the information that revealed inconsistencies between the saying and the doing of those pre-service teachers, driven by beliefs that are formed throughout one's life experience and that can be very central and stable.

Submitted by Roberth Novaes (roberth.novaes@live.com) on 2018-09-04T16:51:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Flávius dos Anjos.pdf: 4603253 bytes, checksum: b286ebc8b25ac2d12c1947ad83918ab6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Setor de Periódicos (per_macedocosta@ufba.br) on 2018-09-04T18:54:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Flávius dos Anjos.pdf: 4603253 bytes, checksum: b286ebc8b25ac2d12c1947ad83918ab6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T18:54:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Flávius dos Anjos.pdf: 4603253 bytes, checksum: b286ebc8b25ac2d12c1947ad83918ab6 (MD5) / Este trabalho acadêmico, desenvolvido sob os paradigmas teóricos da Linguística Aplicada, analisa e reflete sobre as atitudes de alunos no contexto da sala de aula de língua inglesa, em duas escolas públicas localizadas na cidade de Cachoeira, Bahia. Dentre muitas atitudes que os discentes podem apresentar, buscou-se, com essa pesquisa, compreender as positivas, as negativas e as de supervalorização em relação à língua e à cultura estrangeira. Para tanto, foram utilizados os aportes teóricos sobre atitudes desenvolvidos em algumas partes do mundo e sua relação com a motivação e a desmotivação para a aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras (LE). Nesse sentido, este trabalho está ancorado na premissa de que motivação gera atitudes positivas, o que, inevitavelmente, contribui para aprendizagem. Por outro lado, verificou-se que desmotivação gera atitudes negativas, assim como tais atitudes são geradas pela mera repetição de discursos ideológicos da classe dominante. Esses discursos, entre outras coisas, esmeram-se em ultrajar o ensino da língua inglesa (e das LEs em geral) nas escolas públicas, disseminando-se a ideia equivocada de que não se aprende inglês na escola, o que, historicamente, tem contribuído para o fracasso do aprendizado desse idioma no referido contexto. A pesquisa, que englobou aplicação de questionário, entrevista com alunos e observação de aulas, dentre diversos achados interessantes, levou à compreensãodo que realmente acontece no contexto instrucional quando os alunos apresentam atitudes positivas, negativas e de supervalorização em relação à língua e às culturas alvo. Guardadas as devidas limitações, foi possível com esse estudo mapear as atitudes mencionadas e discutir de que forma as atitudes influenciam diretamente na aprendizagem de uma LE e como atitudes positivas podem ser desenvolvidas em contextos como os desta pesquisa, no intuito de reverter a condição de descrédito ocupada historicamente pela disciplina no ensino público. / This academic work, developed under an Applied Linguistics perspective, analyzes and reflects upon EFL students‟ attitudes in two public schools located in Cachoeira, Bahia. Among so many attitudes students might present, it was sought, with this research, to understandthe positive and negative attitudes, and those of overvalueing toward the foreign language and culture. To research that, it was used theoretical foundation about attitudes developed in some parts of the world, and their connection with constructs like motivation and demotivation for the foreign language learning. This way, this work isbased on the premise that motivation creates positive attitudes, what inevitably, contributes to the development of the learning process. On the other hand, it was verified that demotivation originates negative attitudes as such attitudes are the result of a mere repetition of the dominant classes‟ ideological discourses. These discourses, among other things, hone to outrage the English language teaching in the reality of the public school, spreading the misconception that one is not able to learn English in such a context, and this has contributed decisively to the failure of the learning process of this language in the mentioned environment. The research, which encompessed the application of a questionnaire, a semi-structured interview with students, and class observations, among many interesting findings, led to the understanding of what really happens in this instructional context when students present positive, negative, and overvalueing attitudes. Taking into consideration the limitations of this study, it was possible to map the mentioned attitudes and discuss how attitudes influence directly the learning of a foreign language and how positive attitudes toward the learning of the English language in contexts like the one of this research, can be developed, in order to change the condition of discredit historically occupied by the subject.

NMR spectroscopy of paramagnetic solids provides detailed information about the local configuration and the chemical environment of the NMR observed center, as well as about the structural, magnetic and electronic properties of the coordianted paramagnetic centres. In the case of complex paramagnetic solids such as cathode materials for (rechargeable) batteries, NMR represents an invaluable tool to provide insight into the structural and electronic properties of the systems, which are at the base of the electrochemical performance of these materials. However, the paramagnetism makes the interpretation of the NMR data very challenging. This is primarily due to the interactions of the unpaired electrons with the NMR observed nucleus, and the interpretation of the NMR spectra often requires the aid of reliable theoretical and computational methods. Often the dominant interaction contributing to the measured isotropic shifts is the hyperfine interaction between the unpaired electrons and the observed nucleus, which results from the transfer of unpaired electrons from the paramagnetic centre(s) to the NMR observed site. In systems such as the ones studied here, in which the paramagnetic ions are a major constituent of the lattice, the multitide of different local environments results in a complex distribution of resonances. As in the case of the Li$_x$V$_6$O$_{13}$ cathode material, a methodical investigation of the configurational stability from first principles gives insight into the preferred site configurations. The combination of experimental $^7$Li NMR spectra and hyperfine shift DFT calculations of the so-found stable Li environments allows to unravel the complex lithiation mechanism of this material. In the other case of the LiTi$_x$Mn$_{2-x}$O$_4$ cathode materials, the $^7$Li hyperfine shifts calculated from first principles for a variety of Li environments are combined in a lattice model which allows to assign the isotropic regions of the experimental $^7$Li NMR spectra, helping to resolve the complex cation ordering as a function of Mn/Ti content in the series. For paramagnetic centres with an unquenched orbital component of the electron magnetic moment(s), the spin-orbit coupling effects also contribute to the paramagnetic NMR shift and shift anisotropy. A first principles model is derived, which describes how spin-orbit coupling and the single-ion $g$-tensor are defined and calculated in periodic paramagnetic solids, and how they can be coupled with the hyperfine interaction to model their effects on the NMR spectrum. The method is applied to a series of olivine-type LiTMPO$_4$ cathode materials (with TM = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) and the respective $^7$Li and $^{31}$P NMR spectra are simulated and compared with the experiments. The other paramagnetic effect considered in this thesis involves the bulk magnetic susceptibility (BMS), which is particularly important for paramagnetic single crystals and solids of complex shape. The BMS effect results from the discontinuity of the bulk susceptibility at the surface of the crystal, inducing a demagnetizing field throughout the sample which changes the measured NMR shift and shift anisotropy. A method to analytically calculate the demagnetising field and the BMS shift in crystals of different shapes is derived, and it is applied to a series of LiFePO$_4$ single crystals for which the $^7$Li NMR spectra are also measured experimentally. The study confirms that, particularly for $^7$Li NMR, the macroscopic shape-dependent BMS shift can indeed be a significant contribution to the measured resonances, determining the large variation in shift measured for the crystals of different shapes.

abstract: In an interview with the author, composer Chen Yi shared thoughts regarding her inspiration to compose the piece As in a Dream. She composed the first version in 1988 for soprano, violin, and cello. Left unpublished, this work was re-done in 1994 with the Chinese instruments zheng and pipa in place of the violin and cello. As in a Dream is a setting of two linked poems of six lines each by Qingzhao Li, one of the earliest female poets in China. Chen Yi kept the voice part the same in the two versions, but adapted the accompaniment to suit the Chinese instruments. This study of As in a Dream focuses on the 1994 version, and especially on the first song, with a view to introducing the singer to its Chinese elements. To help performers to understand better the text of the set, a translation and transliteration of the two poems by Qingzhao Li are offered with line-by-line interpretation. An introduction to the history and characteristics of the zheng and the pipa is supported by examples of the uses of these instruments in the songs. Drawing upon information provided by Chen Yi in the interview with the author, a discussion follows of Mandarin speech tones and their effect on the melodic design of As in a Dream, with music examples. An examination of traditional Beijing Opera styles of singing, with insights provided by Rao Lan, the soprano for whom the work was written, leads to a description of the fusion vocal technique required for performance of As in a Dream and some of the rules for diction in Mandarin Chinese. Intended as an introductory guide for the soprano contemplating performance of Chen Yi’s As in a Dream, this study also reveals the combination of Eastern and Western musical characteristics in these songs and gives examples of how the music interprets the veiled meaning of the poetry. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Music 2015

L'objectif de cette thèse est l’étude de la charge rapide de batteries lithium-ion basée sur la méthode de la compensation chute ohmique. Cette méthode permet théoriquement de réduire le temps total de charge des batteries. Dans cette thèse, cette méthode a été mise en œuvre sur trois types différents de cellules de format 18650 : C/ FP, C/NMC et LTO/LFP. Cette méthode montre de bons résultats pour les batteries C/LFP et LTO/LFP avec une réduction du temps de charge total d'environ 70% par rapport à la méthode classique. Néanmoins, cette méthode présente des inconvénients comme notamment l’élévation de la température interne de la batterie pendant la charge rapide. De plus, cette méthode implique un courant élevé et conduit à des potentiels élevés qui peuvent engendrer également des dégradations. En particulier, nous avons démontré que la batterie C / LFP subissait des dégradations internes notamment une déformation mécanique de l’enroulement et une dégradation de la composition d’électrolyte. / The aim of this thesis is to study fast-charging of lithium-ion, battery using the ohmic-drop compensation method. The latter method theoretically will reduce the total charging of the batteries considered. In this thesis, the ODC method was implemented on three different types of 18650 battery cells. These batteries are C/LFP, C/NMC and LTO/LFP. This method show a good result for C/LFP and LTO/LFP batteries with a reduction of total charging time of about 70% in comparison with the classical method. Nevertheless, there are some issues regarding this method; the temperature elevation of the battery is high during fast-charging. Indeed, almost all fast-charging procedure experiences the same problem concerning that matter. Moreover, with ODC fast-charging method, high current rate and high voltage will worsen the situation. These complications of the ODC fast-charging method are key points for both performance and durability of the batteries. Particularly, we have demonstrated that C/LFP battery underwent internal degradation as a mechanical deformation of the active materials and degradation of electrolyte.

Em trabalhos anteriores, mostrou-se que uma nanoemulsão lipídica denomi-nada LDE após injeção endovenosa, em pacientes com carcinoma mamário e outros tumores sólidos concentra-se nos tecidos neoplásicos e pode direcionar especificamente agentes quimioterápicos ao tumor. Estudos clínicos mostraram que a LDE diminui acentuadamente os efeitos tóxicos desses agentes e em estudos com animais de experimentação não reduz seus efeitos antitumorais. No presente estudo, testamos a hipótese de a LDE injetada por via locorregional poderia concentrar-se no tumor de mama e nos linfonodos axilares da mama comprometida, visando futuras aplica-ções do sistema na quimioterapia neoadjuvante desse tumor. Três técnicas de injeção da LDE foram testadas em pacientes com carcinoma de mama avançado com tratamento cirúrgico pré-programado. A LDE marcada com colesterol radioativo foi injetada 12 horas antes da cirurgia, nas pacientes divididas em três grupos: Grupo 1 (G1, n=4): LDE injetada no parênquima mamário, a 5 cm da lesão ; Grupo 2 (G2, n=4): LDE injetada na região peri-tumoral; e Grupo 3 (G3 n=6): LDE injetada em região intratumoral. Este grupo foi subdividido em 2: em 2 pacientes realizaram cirurgia 2hs após a injeção da LDE e nas outras 4, 12hs após a injeção da LDE. Quantificou-se a capta-ção da LDE nos fragmentos de tecido tumoral e mamário normal e do linfonodo axilar retirados durante a cirurgia por contagem de radioatividade após extração lipídica dos tecidos. Os resultados evidenciaram que, em G1, houve maior captação da LDE em tecido normal, sugerindo se tratar de metodologia ina-dequada. Em G2, a captação da LDE foi quatro vezes maior no tecido tumo-ral do que no tecido normal, próximo, portanto, dos valores encontrados em estudos anteriores que utilizaram a injeção da LDE por via hematológica. Em G3, o valor médio de captação da LDE foi 53 vezes maior no tecido tumoral (>75%), com mínima captação pelo tecido mamário normal (<8%). A injeção intratumoral da LDE mostrou-se, portanto, metodologia ainda superior à inje-ção da LDE por via endovenosa para a utilização efetiva dessa nanoemulsão como terapia-alvo em tumores primários de mama. / In previous work had showed that a lipidic nanoemulsion called LDE after intravenous injection in patients with breast carcinoma and others solid tumors focuses in the neoplasic tissue and can target especially chemotherapist agents to the tumors. Clinical studies showed that LDE decreases the toxic effects of those agents and in studies with experimental animals don\'t reduce yours antitumoral effects. In the present study, we had test the hypothesis of the LDE injected by locoregional could focuses in the breast tumor and in the axillary lymph node of the compromised breast, targeting future applications of the system in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy of this tumor. Three techniques of injection of the LDE had test in patients with advanced breast carcinoma with sirurgic treatment pre-programmed. The LDE marked with radioactive cholesterol was injected 12 hours before the surgery, in patients divided in three groups: Group 1 (G1, n=4): LDE injected in the breast parenchyma, about 5 cm of the lesion; Group 2 (G2, n=4): LDE injected in the peritumoral region; and Group 3 (G3, n=6): LDE injected in the intratumoral region. This group was subdivided in 2: in 2 patients had realized surgery 2 hs after the injection of LDE and in the others 4 patients 12hs after the injection of LDE. It had quantified the capture of LDE in the fragments of the tumoral and breast tissue and of the axillary lymph node withdrawn during the surgery by counting of radioactive after lipidic extraction of this tissue. The results showed that, in G1, there was greater capture of LDE in normal tissue, suggesting it is an inappropriate methodology. In G2, the capture of LDE was four times higher in the tumoral tissue than in the normal tissue, closer, therefore, of the values found in previous studies that used the injection of LDE by hematology. In G3, the medium value of capture of LDE was 53 times higher in the tumoral tissue (> 75%), with minimum capture by the normal breast tissue (< 8%). The intratumoral injection of LDE showed, therefore, methodology still higher than the intravenous injection of LDE by intravenous for the effective use of this nanoemulsion as therapy target in primary tumors of breast.

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O presente trabalho testa uma alternativa de ajuste da estrutura a termo da taxa de juros brasileira bem como a sua previsão através de uma variação do modelo Diebold e Li (2006) focando principalmente em seu fator de decaimento exponencial. Esta variação do fator de decaimento ocorre distintamente em dois momentos do trabalho, primeiramente no ajuste da curva e após quando da previsão desta. No ajuste, o encontro deste parâmetro é feito através de ferramenta computacional, buscando o fator de decaimento que reduz a diferença de mínimos quadrados em relação aos pontos originais capturados no mercado de juros futuro brasileiro em conjunto dos três outros fatores do modelo. A previsão da estrutura a termo utiliza modelos auto regressivos para estimar as próximas curvas no horizonte de um período. A importância deste estudo reside em conhecer a aderência do modelo proposto à curva de juros brasileira testando sua eficiência quando utilizados os pressupostos enunciados. / This study tests an alternative adjustment of the term structure of Brazilian interest rate and its prediction through a variation of the Diebold and Li (2006) model focusing mainly on his exponential decay factor. The variation of the decay factor occurs in two distinct moments of this work, in the curve fitting and after this in the forecasting. During the setting, this parameter is mesured through computational tool, seeking the decay factor that reduces the difference in least squares relative to the original points captured in the Brazilian market future interest together the other three factors of the model. To Forecast the term structure is used auto regressive models to estimate the upcoming curves. The importance of this study lies in knowing the adherence of the proposed to the Brazilian yield curve testing its efficiency when utilized the assumptions listed in the model.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate pyroborates, M2B2O5, and orthoborates, M3(BO3)2, where M = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, as high capacity and high voltage Li- and Mg-ion cathode materials. We explore the layered orthoborates (M3(BO3)2 which, to our knowledge, have not been previously considered as Li- or Mg-ion cathodes, perhaps due to the lack of Li analogues. Structural analysis shows that mixed metal orthoborates form a solid solution, with cation order driven by the presence of directional d orbitals. Electrochemical studies show that Mg can be removed from the structure and replaced with Li in a 1:1 ion ratio. In the compound Mg2Mn(BO3)2 removal of 1 Mg is achieved giving a capacity of 209.9 mAh g 1. The pyroborates (M2B2O5) are an unexplored family of borate polyanions, which offer higher theoretical capacities and voltages than LiMBO3 due to their more condensed frameworks. There are no known Li containing pyroborates, we use electrochemical ion exchange, with the aim of replacing each Mg with 2 Li to form LixMB2O¬5. The stoichiometry can be varied to alter the redox couple utilised and the Mg available for removal. MgxM2-xB2O5 has been synthesised for M = Mn, Co, Fe and Ni and all forms have been shown to form a solid solution with cation ordering over the two M sites. In MgMnB2O5 we have shown that Mg can be fully removed while retaining the pyroborate structure. Subsequently up to 1.1 Li can be inserted giving discharge capacities of 240 mAhg-1 above 1.5 V. After 100’s of cycles 2 Li can be reversibly cycled. The insertion of Li has been confirmed by 7Li NMR and the oxidation state changes in Mn have been investigated by SQUID magnetometry and XANES spectroscopy. Electrochemical studies in materials where M = Fe, Co, and Ni show high voltage plateaus ( > 3.5 V) but limited capacity at room temperature. Increased temperatures improves cycling, with Co and Fe based compounds reaching full theoretical capacities ( > 200 mAhg-1). As Mg can be removed from the structure, the pyroborates could be of interest in Mg-ion batteries, which offer benefits in energy density, cost, and safety. Mg-ion battery research is still in its infancy, therefore here we develop methods to reliably test Mg-ion cathodes and electrolytes. We demonstrate that despite significant side reactions, Mg can be reversibly cycled in the MgMnB2O5 system in a full Mg-ion cell, showing that pyroborates are a promising family of materials for high capacity, high voltage Mg-ion cathodes. This study shows that the pyroborates and orthoborates are a promising family of materials for Li- and Mg-ion cathodes, with the light weight structure leading to high specific capacities. The ability to replace Mg for Li in polyanion materials without disrupting the crystal structure opens a new way to search for novel, high energy density, Li-ion cathodes.