La Clasificación de la Biblioteca del Congreso de los Estados Unidos (Library of Congress Classification, LCC por su abreviatura en inglés) uno de los sistemas de organización del conocimiento en bibliotecas más empleadas a nivel mundial por su estructura y alcance y por su apoyo en la conexión con los recursos de información requeridos, presenta diferencias respecto a la complejidad, actualización y atingencia respecto al desarrollo de investigaciones en Historia Universal y de América Latina. En tal sentido esta investigación busca comprobar tales diferencias respecto a la realidad histórica y bibliográfica peruana, para lo cual se propone estimar el grado de correspondencia existente en 180 temas (acontecimientos históricos y personajes) en función de aparición y no aparición tanto en la sección F3442 – F3447 de la LCC “Peru”, localizada en la clase F, “Historia de las Américas”, subdivisión “Peru” F3400 –F3700, como en seis autores reconocidos en bibliografía peruana (periodo histórico 1492 – 1919) seleccionados sistemáticamente del Sistema de Bibliotecas de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP). Dos tablas de grados se proponen para estimar la correspondencia, adaptadas de la escala de Likert, las cuales componen el instrumento de medición. Después de contabilizar en sumatorias, porcentajes y proporciones, se concluye que el grado de correspondencia existente entre las estructuras del conocimiento mencionadas es de 2.970/1, “bajo”, no obstante es diverso el conjunto de proporciones, como de grados, tanto para cada autor, como para cada periodo. El autor de mayor proximidad en grado de correspondencia es Fisher, para su bibliografía de 1989, con 1.692, “alto”, y el de mayor lejanía en grado es Porras, para su obra de 1963, con 3.974, “muy bajo”. Para el caso de los periodos, el de mayor proximidad en grado de correspondencia es “Emancipación e Independencia del Perú (1820 – 1830)” con 2.217/1, “alto” y el de mayor lejanía es “Virreinato del Perú (1548 – 1824)” con 4.042/1, “bajo”. No obstante, se sugieren más estudios en Perú como en América Latina tanto para otros campos temáticos de la LCC, como también en correlación con sus precedentes teóricos. / The Library of Congress Classification one of the most widely used knowledge organization systems in libraries worldwide for its structure and scope and for its support in the connection with the required information resources, presents differences regarding complexity, updating and compliance with respect to the development of research in Universal and Latin America, history. In this sense, this research seeks to verify such differences with respect to the Peruvian historical and bibliographic reality, for which it is estimated the degree of correspondence existing in 180 subjects (historical events and characters) based on appearance and not appearance in LCC “Peru”, section F3442 - F3447, located in F class, “History of the Americas”, peruvian subdivision, F3400 –F3700, as in six authors recognized in Peruvian bibliography (historical period 1492 - 1919) systematically selected from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP) library system. Two tables of degrees are proposed to estimate the correspondence, adapted from the Likert scale, and consist the measuring instrument. After counting in summations, percentages and proportions, it is concluded that the degree of correspondence between the aforementioned knowledge structures is 2,970 / 1, "low", however the set of proportions, as of degrees, is varied for both author, as for each period. The author of the closest degree of correspondence is Fisher, for his 1989 bibliography, with 1,692, "high," and the one with the greatest distance is Porras, for his 1963 work, with 3,974, "very low." In the case of the periods, the one with the closest degree of correspondence is “Emancipation and Independence of Peru (1820 - 1830)” with 2,217 / 1, “high” and the one with the greatest distance is “Viceroyalty of Peru (1548 - 1824)” with 4.042 / 1, “low”. However, more studies in Peru and Latin America are suggested for LCC in other thematic fields as well as in correlation with their state-of-the-art approach.

The main focus of this master’s thesis concerns the relation between subject representation, power and gender. Classification systems and subject heading lists are products of their cultural and social context and some subjects and disciplines are given a greater value than others. Our aim in this thesis is twofold; to discuss and critically analyse the prevailing gender norms that are expressed trough classification systems and subject heading lists and to examine how they manage to represent gender studies as a multidisciplinary subject in theory as well as in practice. We are also discussing the particular problems with the representation of multidisciplinary subjects in general. The analysis is grounded in the field of gender studies, where feminist, masculinity and queer theory are included, and the area of critical classification theory. The classification systems and subject heading list that are discussed here are DDC, SAB, SAO, LCSH and KVINNSAM. In the case of DDC and SAB, the analysis concerns the hierarchal structure and principal arrangement of subjects. The focus in the analysis of SAO, LSCH and KVINNSAM is on the assigned subject headings and the lists’ possibilities to adequately represent gender studies. The result of this study shows that both the systems and the subject heading list have considerable problems with integrating and fully representing gender studies as a multidisciplinary subject. It also shows that the available vocabularies for describing gender and feminist literature are very limited. The practise in indexing and classifying multidisciplinary subjects in general are neither sufficient nor consistent. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The system of Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) has been the subject of feminist, critical examinations since the 1970s. Subject headings pertaining both to feminist literature and to women in general have been analyzed to determine how LCSH represents these topics. In this study, I contribute to this body of scholarship by analyzing and reporting on the nature of the LCSH subject representation of 52 core works published from 1986-1998 in the areas of feminist theory and women’s movements. These monographs were selected from the 3rd edition of Women’s Studies: A Recommended Bibliography (Krikos & Ingold, 2004). The analysis of works of/on feminist theory and on women’s movements is preceded by a pilot study of 24 core works on the topics of Communications, Film, Television, Media, and Journalism. I utilize the abstracts of these works in Krikos & Ingold (2004), as well as the works themselves, to establish the nature of each monograph’s perspective and scope. To this information I compare the LC subject headings employed in the bibliographic records representing these works in the Library of Congress Online Catalog in order to assess the headings’ usefulness as surrogate representations of these monographs in terms of accuracy, relevance, specificity, and currency. I present my findings as sets of problems and solutions illustrated with specific examples. Overall, LCSH is not able to represent adequately the 24 works in the pilot study sample or the 52 core works in the main study based on its current application. I conclude with a proposed set of subject headings as suggested by the abstracts of these works.

The system of Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) has been the subject of feminist, critical examinations since the 1970s. Subject headings pertaining both to feminist literature and to women in general have been analyzed to determine how LCSH represents these topics. In this study, I contribute to this body of scholarship by analyzing and reporting on the nature of the LCSH subject representation of 52 core works published from 1986-1998 in the areas of feminist theory and women’s movements. These monographs were selected from the 3rd edition of Women’s Studies: A Recommended Bibliography (Krikos & Ingold, 2004). The analysis of works of/on feminist theory and on women’s movements is preceded by a pilot study of 24 core works on the topics of Communications, Film, Television, Media, and Journalism. I utilize the abstracts of these works in Krikos & Ingold (2004), as well as the works themselves, to establish the nature of each monograph’s perspective and scope. To this information I compare the LC subject headings employed in the bibliographic records representing these works in the Library of Congress Online Catalog in order to assess the headings’ usefulness as surrogate representations of these monographs in terms of accuracy, relevance, specificity, and currency. I present my findings as sets of problems and solutions illustrated with specific examples. Overall, LCSH is not able to represent adequately the 24 works in the pilot study sample or the 52 core works in the main study based on its current application. I conclude with a proposed set of subject headings as suggested by the abstracts of these works.

Over the last decade, the rapid growth and adoption of the World Wide Web has further exacerbated user needs for e±cient mechanisms for information and knowledge location, selection, and retrieval. How to gather useful and meaningful information from the Web becomes challenging to users. The capture of user information needs is key to delivering users' desired information, and user pro¯les can help to capture information needs. However, e®ectively acquiring user pro¯les is di±cult. It is argued that if user background knowledge can be speci¯ed by ontolo- gies, more accurate user pro¯les can be acquired and thus information needs can be captured e®ectively. Web users implicitly possess concept models that are obtained from their experience and education, and use the concept models in information gathering. Prior to this work, much research has attempted to use ontologies to specify user background knowledge and user concept models. However, these works have a drawback in that they cannot move beyond the subsumption of super - and sub-class structure to emphasising the speci¯c se- mantic relations in a single computational model. This has also been a challenge for years in the knowledge engineering community. Thus, using ontologies to represent user concept models and to acquire user pro¯les remains an unsolved problem in personalised Web information gathering and knowledge engineering. In this thesis, an ontology learning and mining model is proposed to acquire user pro¯les for personalised Web information gathering. The proposed compu- tational model emphasises the speci¯c is-a and part-of semantic relations in one computational model. The world knowledge and users' Local Instance Reposito- ries are used to attempt to discover and specify user background knowledge. From a world knowledge base, personalised ontologies are constructed by adopting au- tomatic or semi-automatic techniques to extract user interest concepts, focusing on user information needs. A multidimensional ontology mining method, Speci- ¯city and Exhaustivity, is also introduced in this thesis for analysing the user background knowledge discovered and speci¯ed in user personalised ontologies. The ontology learning and mining model is evaluated by comparing with human- based and state-of-the-art computational models in experiments, using a large, standard data set. The experimental results are promising for evaluation. The proposed ontology learning and mining model in this thesis helps to develop a better understanding of user pro¯le acquisition, thus providing better design of personalised Web information gathering systems. The contributions are increasingly signi¯cant, given both the rapid explosion of Web information in recent years and today's accessibility to the Internet and the full text world.

Submitted by Rafaella Bettamio (rafabettamio@gmail.com) on 2018-06-20T17:20:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Doutorado Rafaella Bettamio - Versão Final pós-defesa.pdf: 5596545 bytes, checksum: 024b2de9d1f60b269d05f18181b0726e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diego Andrade (diego.andrade@fgv.br) on 2018-06-22T17:01:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Doutorado Rafaella Bettamio - Versão Final pós-defesa.pdf: 5596545 bytes, checksum: 024b2de9d1f60b269d05f18181b0726e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-02T18:55:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Doutorado Rafaella Bettamio - Versão Final pós-defesa.pdf: 5596545 bytes, checksum: 024b2de9d1f60b269d05f18181b0726e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-25 / “Brazil’s Popular Groups: a Collection of Materials Issued by socio-political, Religious, Labor and a Minority Grass-roots Organizations” (BPG) é uma coleção microfilmada que reúne grande variedade de documentos impressos relacionados a grupos populares brasileiros, publicados desde a década de 1960 até a atualidade. Reunidos a partir de meados da década de 1980 pelo escritório de representação da Biblioteca do Congresso norte-americano no Rio de Janeiro – inaugurado em 1966 –, os materiais na BPG estão divididos por períodos e organizados sob diferentes categorias. Mais de trinta bibliotecas dos Estados Unidos, além de instituições de memória e pesquisa da Europa e do Brasil – entre elas a Biblioteca Nacional – possuem microfilmes desta coleção. Interessada em investigar as condições socio-históricas que permitem a constituição de coleções que ganham dimensão pública e os lugares que ocupam tais artefatos, a pesquisa analisa a BPG a partir de sua relação com contextos politicos norte-americanos e brasileiros, atentando para distintas temporalidades e subjetividades que marcaram a sua produção, bem como para sua circulação. O objetivo é dar visibilidade à historicidade da coleção, à construção narrativa de seu colecionador e a alguns dos significados e lugares que lhe foram atribuídos ao longo de sua existência. / Brazil’s Popular Groups: a Collection of Materials Issued by socio-political, Religious, Labor and a Minority Grass-roots Organizations (BPG) is a microfilmed collection that brings together a wide variety of printed documents related to Brazilian popular groups, published since the 1960s until the present time. Gathered for the first time in the mid-1980s by the representative office of the Library of Congress in Rio de Janeiro – inaugurated in 1966 – BPG materials are divided by periods and organized under different categories. More than thirty libraries in the United States, as well as memory and research institutions in Europe and Brazil – including the National Library – have microfilms of this collection. Interested in investigating the socio-historical conditions that allow the constitution of collections that gain public dimension and the places that occupy such artifacts, the research analyzes the BPG from its relation with North American and Brazilian political contexts, paying attention to different temporalities and subjectivities that marked its production, as well as its circulation. The aim is to highlight the historicity of the collection, the dynamics of the process of narrative construction of its collector, and some of the meanings and places that have been attributed to it throughout its existence.

Vad denna utvärdering försökt få svar på är hur tillgängligheten för HBT-litteratur ser ut i de system som används hos privata och offentliga aktörer – internetbokhandlar och bibliotekskataloger tillgängliga via internet. Detta medförde ett antal mer praktiskta underliggande frågor om hur trädstrukturen är designad, vilket typ av språk som används och hur lätt det är att förstå, huruvida det finns särskilda kategorier för litteratur med HBT-innehåll och huruvida det finns direktlänkar mellan litteratur med HBT- innehåll. De system som testades var internetbokhandlarna Amazon (både den amerikanska versionen och det brittiska dotterbolaget), The Book Depository och Adlibris samt de klassificeringssystem som används av nationalbiblioteken i de länder där dessa bokhandlar har sitt säte (USA, Storbritannien och Sverige): Library of Congress Classification, Dewey Decimal Classification och Klassifikationssystem för svenska bibliotek. Två av bibliotekssystemen (LC och DDC) hade inte en trädstruktur som var tillgänglig för kunderna att se och navigera igenom, medan den tredje (SAB) erbjöd en struktur med både klassifikationskoden och svenska ord, även om det inte var optimalt konstruerade kategorier och förgreningar. Ingen av dem hade gott om länkar, om ens några, till annan litteratur med liknande innehåll. Internetbokhandlarna hade välutvecklade men inte för specifika trädstrukturer med lättförstådda namn och gott om länkar till annan litteratur. Två av dem (The Book Depository och Adlibris) hade inga huvudkategorier tillägnade HBT-material vilket däremot Amazon UK och Amazon US hade. Alla bibliotekssystemen skulle behöva omarbetas för att tillgängligheten för litteratur, och i synnerhet HBT-litteratur som var fokus i denna utvärdering, ska bli god. Library of Congress och British Library skulle behöva upprätta trädstrukturer för kunderna att använda sig av och alla tre behöver se till att en kategori där all HBT- litteratur samlas finns på den högsta nivån. Internetbokhandlarna å andra sidan behöver inte göra mycket för att tillgängligheten i deras system ska bli god: Adlibris och The Book Depository behöver precis som bibliotekssystemen upprätta en HBT-kategori i trädstrukturen men i övrigt är de privata aktörerna fullt godkända. De båda Amazon- filialerna var de aktörer visade sig ha den bästa tillgängligheten av alla. / What this investigation has tried to find out is how easily availabie LGBT literature is in the systems that are used by private companies and the public sector - online book shops and library catalogues available online (OPACs). This entailed a number of more practical underlying factors regarding the design of the tree structure, what kind of language is used and how easy it is to understand, whether or not there are special categories for LGBT-related literature and whether or not there are direct links between literature with LGBT content. The systems investigated were the online book shops Amazon (both the American version and the British subsidiary), The Book Depository and Adlibris along with the classification systems used by the national libraries in the countries where these book shops reside (the US, the UK and Sweden): Library of Congress Classification (LC), Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and Klassifikationssystem för svenska bibliotek (SAB). Two of the library systems (LC and DDC) did not have a tree structure available for the customers to see and navigate through, while the third one (SAB) offered a structure with both the classification code and Swedish words explaining what the codes meant, even if the categories and subdivisions were not optimally constructed. None of them had very many links to other literature. Two of them (The Book Depository and Adlibris) did not have main categories specifically for LGBT content which both Amazon US and Amazon UK did. All the library systems could use a revision to ensure that literature, and particularly LGBT literature as that was the focal point of this investigation, is easily available. The Library of Congress and the British Library need to establish a tree structure their clients could use and all three need to make sure they have a category where LGBT literature is collected and available at the root. The online book shops on the other hand do not need to do much to improve the availability of their systems: like the library systems, Adlibris and The Book Shop need to create a category of LGBT literature in the tree structure but besides that the private companies pass with credit. The systems used by the Amazon branches proved to have the greatest availability of all the systems investigated.

Patrice Landry von der Schweizerischen Landesbibliothek, Bern, berichtete über „The recent history of European cooperation: from the ‚need‘ to cooperate to the ‚will‘ to cooperate“. Er zeichnete kurz die letzten 25 Jahre verbaler Sacherschließung in den USA und den europäischen Ländern nach, die im 21. Jahrhundert in das Projekt MACS mündete. MACS wird es beispielsweise einem englischsprachigen Benutzer gestatten, seine Suchanfrage englisch einzugeben und Erträge über international verlinkte vielsprachige Suchformulierungen zu bekommen.

Das Original-Dokument wurde in das Format pdf umgewandelt. Patrice Landry von der Schweizerischen Landesbibliothek, Bern, berichtete über „The recent history of European cooperation: from the ‚need‘ to cooperate to the ‚will‘ to cooperate“. Er zeichnete kurz die letzten 25 Jahre verbaler Sacherschließung in den USA und den europäischen Ländern nach, die im 21. Jahrhundert in das Projekt MACS mündete. MACS wird es beispielsweise einem englischsprachigen Benutzer gestatten, seine Suchanfrage englisch einzugeben und Erträge über international verlinkte vielsprachige Suchformulierungen zu bekommen.

Das Original-Dokument wurde in das Format pdf umgewandelt. Patrice Landry von der Schweizerischen Landesbibliothek, Bern, berichtete über „The recent history of European cooperation: from the ‚need‘ to cooperate to the ‚will‘ to cooperate“. Er zeichnete kurz die letzten 25 Jahre verbaler Sacherschließung in den USA und den europäischen Ländern nach, die im 21. Jahrhundert in das Projekt MACS mündete. MACS wird es beispielsweise einem englischsprachigen Benutzer gestatten, seine Suchanfrage englisch einzugeben und Erträge über international verlinkte vielsprachige Suchformulierungen zu bekommen.