O presente trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar a relação conjugal, em termos de questões como as negociações ou a impossibilidade de negociação, conflitos e violência de gênero, como elementos intervenientes na saúde reprodutiva de mulheres de baixa renda. Para isto realizamos uma pesquisa de campo do tipo qualitativa, utilizando a técnica de história oral – temática com a qual obtivemos dezesseis depoimentos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na região da Zona Leste de São Paulo, em um posto de saúde do Modulo 14 - do PAS (Programa de Assistência a Saúde) - Ermelino Matarazzo. De posse deste material, procedemos análise de discurso. Procuramos articular na discussão as concepções de poder, sexualidade e gênero, partindo do pressuposto de que as pautas de negociação e de processos de negociação ou a impossibilidade de sua realização são passíveis de serem desvelados nos discursos das mulheres e, por conseguinte, as estratégias utilizadas e os objetos da negociação entre os pares. O Espaço de Vida, profundamente marcado por inúmeras desigualdades sociais e de gênero – determinando uma baixa qualidade de vida e propiciando vivências caracterizadas muito mais pela ausência do que pela presença de diálogos e negociações entre os pares, com inúmeras violências, inclusive a conjugal –, intervém no processo reprodutivo. O casamento é idealizado como um espaço de vivências afetivas, compartilhadas com o parceiro, filhos, família. Há situações em que os direitos das mulheres são profundamente desrespeitados, inclusive nos seus direitos reprodutivos, acarretando prejuízos à saúde da mulher em geral e à sua saúde reprodutiva. Reproduzindo-se uma forma de socialização conjugal em que a mulher encontra-se sobrecarregada com trabalho dentro e fora de casa, numa relação de subordinação e dominação histórica, senão tradicional, hierárquica e desigual. / The present paper aims at characterizing the connubial relationship in terms of questions concerned with gender negotiation - or the impossibility of it -, conflicts and, violence as intervening elements in the reproductive health of low-income women. With this target in mind, a field-research, of the qualitative type, was carried out using the oral-thematic history technique with which 16 statements were obtained. The research was developed at the Eastward Area of São Paulo city, State of São Paulo, Brazil, on the Module 14 health post belonging to the Ermelindo Matarazzo PAS (Program for Health Assistance). With this material in hand, the analysis of the women’s discourse was proceeded. In the paper’s Discussion there is an attempt to articulate conceptions of power, sexuality and, gender starting from the supposition that either the agenda or the processes of negotiation, or even the impossibility of it, are able to be disclosed within the women’s discourses and, as a consequence, the strategies used in, and the objects of, negotiation between the couples. The Life Space -- deeply marked by innumerable social and gender inequalities, determining a low-quality of life and propitiating life experiences which characterize themselves much more by the absence than the presence of dialogues and negotiations between the couples, with innumerable acts of violence, including the connubial ones -- intervenes in the reproductive process. Marriage is idealized as a space for living affectionate life experiences, shared with the partner, children and, family. There are circumstances in which the women’s rights are profoundly disrespected, including in their reproductive rights, causing damages to the woman’s health, in general, and to her reproductive health, in particular, depicting a form of connubial socialization in which the woman finds herself overloaded with the work carried out both inside and outside home, in a relationship characterized by historical subordination and domination, which if not traditional, it is surely hierarchical and unequal.

This study aims at explaining the significance of the &ldquo / field&rdquo / concept in contemporary architecture and urbanism, in reference to the technical definitions of the term in different disciplines. In this context, it investigates the concepts of &ldquo / field&rdquo / in physics, psychology, art theory and criticism. It highlights the reinterpretation of the &ldquo / field&rdquo / concept in physics by eminent Gestalt psychologists, and its consequences for architecture and urbanism. Starting from the definitions of the concept of &ldquo / field&rdquo / by Kurt Koffka and Kurt Lewin, and from the Gestalt Theory that constitutes the basis of these definitions, it brings into discussion a group of related notions that have been employed in art and architectural theory and criticism: &ldquo / psychophysical field,&rdquo / &ldquo / psychological life space,&rdquo / &ldquo / figure-ground,&rdquo / &ldquo / figure-field,&rdquo / and &ldquo / field-field.&rdquo

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stel hoe vaderlike werkloosheid die leefwereld van die adolessent beinvloed. In 'n poging om die adolessent se leefwereld te verstaan, was dit nodig om die adolessent-in-totaliteit aan te spreek. Daar is aangedui hoe emosionele trauma soos die skielike werkloosheid van die vader nie net die adolessent se fisieke-, kognitiewe-, affektiewe-, sosiale- en normatiewe wording rem nie, maar dat dit ook 'n negatiewe invloed op skolastiese prestasie het. Vaderlike werkloosheid het 'n besondere invloed op die relasies binne die gesin. Die adolessent se leefwereld, wat die Gestalt is van al die relasies wat hy/sy gevorm het, word beduidend deur die vader se werkloosheid geraak. Die empiriese studie toon dat die adolessent wie se vader werkloos geraak het, se betekenisgewing, belewing en betrokkenheid negatief is en derhalwe word sy selfaktualisering gerem en is hy uiteindelik op terapeutiese ingryping aangewese. / The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fathers unemployment on the adolescent's life world. In an attempt to understand the adolescent's life world, it was necessary to address the adolescent in totality. It has been shown how emotional trauma, such as the unexpected unemployment of the father, not only impairs the adolescent's physical-, cognitive-, affective-, social- and normative development but also has a negative influence on scholastic performance. The unemployment of a father has a particular influence on the relations within the family. The adolescent's life world, which is the Gestalt of all the relations that he or she formed, is also particularly influenced by the father's unemployment. The empirical research reveals that the adolescent who's father is unemployed is much more inclined to negative meaning, involvement and experience. Thus this adolescent is restraint on his way to self - actualisation and becomes receptive to therapeutic intervention. / Psychology of Education / M.Ed. (Psychology of Education)

Många seniorer väljer att arbeta efter pensioneringen. Denna rapport handlar om fyra berättelser av personer som har fortsatt att arbeta efter att ha passerat pensionsålder. Ur ett karriärutvecklingsperspektiv undersöker jag vilka faktorer i seniorernas berättelser som har lett till att fortsätta att arbeta efter 65, vad som motiverar till att vidareutvecklas och hur tillvaron ser ut runt dessa personer ut ett helhetsperspektiv. Syftet med denna undersökning är att få en skildring om seniorernas upplevelser av att vara yrkesverksamma efter pensioneringen. Dessa berättelser är av intresse för vägledningsprofessionen då det saknas studier och forskning i en svensk kontext om seniorer som arbetar efter 65 år.     Uppsatsen utgår från en kvalitativ narrativ metod. Fyra halvstrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med fyra yrkesverksamma pensionärer. Med intervjun som underlag, författades fyra berättelser. Empirin analyserades med utvalda begrepp från två teorier: System Theory Framework (STF) och Life-span Life-space. Resultatet visar att informanterna erbjöds möjlighet att fortsätta att arbeta för de har kompetenser som efterfrågas. Samtliga informanter upplevde att de hade mer att ge, och valde att fortsätta med sina respektive karriärer. Resultatet visar också att dessa personer har levt gynnsamma, aktiva, sociala liv och har utbildning. Informanternas karriärer förstås som summan av olika val som har gjorts över tid. Dessa val gör att de lever de liv de har idag. De vill fortsätta arbeta det så länge de är friska och orkar. Att vidareutvecklas och lära sig nya saker är också en stark motivationsfaktor.

The purpose of this study was to examine formal volunteering among retirees in order to explore whether their volunteer experiences represent an extension of their career in the paid workforce or whether their volunteer activities represent a completely new direction, and how this influences their career self-concept, as interpreted through Donald Super’s life-span, life-space theory of career development. This study employed a developmental mixed-method design. In Phase 1, qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 participants to better understand retirees’ volunteer experiences. Phase 1 informed the design of an instrument for the Phase 2 survey which examined the issues among a larger sample of 214 retirees. The Phase 2 results supported the Phase 1 findings and indicated that many retirees sought an extension of career in volunteer activities in that they used similar skills and knowledge. Study participants also displayed a desire for lifelong learning. Retirees relinquished their paid-work career, took on the retiree and volunteer roles, and integrated these roles within their career self-concept to create a new sense of self. These results indicated that the retirees had entered a new stage of life, qualitatively different from ‘retirement’. To better reflect the experiences of these retirees, it was proposed that Donald Super’s life-span, life-space theory of career development be extended to include Redirection. This theorizing is consistent with the finding that retirees both wanted to and are able to integrate previous paid work elements as well as seek out lifelong learning opportunities within their volunteer activities. This study demonstrates that the volunteer role in the lives of retirees can lead to personal renewal and reshaping of the career self-concept, or what is labeled as the stage of Redirection. This study also has implications for volunteer management, retirement planning and social policy, and may be of interest to volunteer managers, nonprofit organizations, career counsellors, financial planners, retirement planning consultants, life coaches and policy planners.

The purpose of this study was to examine formal volunteering among retirees in order to explore whether their volunteer experiences represent an extension of their career in the paid workforce or whether their volunteer activities represent a completely new direction, and how this influences their career self-concept, as interpreted through Donald Super’s life-span, life-space theory of career development. This study employed a developmental mixed-method design. In Phase 1, qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 participants to better understand retirees’ volunteer experiences. Phase 1 informed the design of an instrument for the Phase 2 survey which examined the issues among a larger sample of 214 retirees. The Phase 2 results supported the Phase 1 findings and indicated that many retirees sought an extension of career in volunteer activities in that they used similar skills and knowledge. Study participants also displayed a desire for lifelong learning. Retirees relinquished their paid-work career, took on the retiree and volunteer roles, and integrated these roles within their career self-concept to create a new sense of self. These results indicated that the retirees had entered a new stage of life, qualitatively different from ‘retirement’. To better reflect the experiences of these retirees, it was proposed that Donald Super’s life-span, life-space theory of career development be extended to include Redirection. This theorizing is consistent with the finding that retirees both wanted to and are able to integrate previous paid work elements as well as seek out lifelong learning opportunities within their volunteer activities. This study demonstrates that the volunteer role in the lives of retirees can lead to personal renewal and reshaping of the career self-concept, or what is labeled as the stage of Redirection. This study also has implications for volunteer management, retirement planning and social policy, and may be of interest to volunteer managers, nonprofit organizations, career counsellors, financial planners, retirement planning consultants, life coaches and policy planners.