Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-09-11T18:20:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_EstimativaAdesaoTratamento.pdf: 3098839 bytes, checksum: 43888b6439ea10b7de8efa742e61c373 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br) on 2017-09-26T16:51:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_EstimativaAdesaoTratamento.pdf: 3098839 bytes, checksum: 43888b6439ea10b7de8efa742e61c373 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-26T16:51:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_EstimativaAdesaoTratamento.pdf: 3098839 bytes, checksum: 43888b6439ea10b7de8efa742e61c373 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / A associação de Cloroquina (CQ) e Primaquina (PQ) é utilizada como tratamento de primeira linha para malária causada por Plasmodium vivax no Brasil. A falha terapêutica desta associação é reconhecida e mundialmente relatada. De natureza multifatorial, envolve variáveis relacionadas ao hospedeiro, ao vetor e ao agente etiológico. Dentre estas, a adesão ao tratamento é fundamental para estabelecer a eficácia e efetividade dos antimaláricos, pois o comportamento de não adesão tende a aumenta as taxas de recorrência parasitária e favorecer a emergência de cepas resistentes aos antimaláricos. Apesar da elevada incidência de malária por P. vivax na Amazônia brasileira, poucos estudos avaliaram a adesão ao tratamento e fatores comportamentais e ambientais determinantes. Este estudo objetivou estimar a taxa de não adesão ao tratamento da malária por P.vivax no município de Anajás, PA. Efetuou-se o levantamento de dados sociodemográficos (idade, procedência, gênero) e estudos observacionais acerca da percepção da população local sobre a doença e seu tratamento. A seguir, validou-se um instrumento de medida de não adesão ao tratamento em diferentes métricas, com base no estudo de Morisky et al. (1986), com a adição de um item relativo a auto replicação das doses para aplicação nos pacientes com malária por P. vivax. Por fim, propôs-se um modelo de avaliação da não adesão, com base no monitoramento terapêutico dos parâmetros farmacocinéticos da CQ, considerando diferentes cenários de não adesão. Os resultados mostraram que a doença ocorre em ambos os sexos e a maioria dos casos são provenientes de zona rural. Os fatores de risco como gênero, procedência, parasitemia na admissão ao tratamento e faixa etária não exerceram impacto significativo sobre as taxas de não adesão. Entretanto, o abandono do tratamento ao se sentir melhor, pela necessidade de retorno as atividades laborais, ou pior, pelas reações adversas da CQ, foram os comportamentos determinantes para não adesão ao regime terapêutico pleno. O instrumento para medida da não adesão, composto por cinco itens apresentou parâmetros de validação satisfatórios, em especial na escala de Likert em sua forma dicotomizada, que estimou a não adesão ao regime terapêutico em 33,3%. Após construção e validação do modelo farmacocinético mono compartimental por regressão não linear e avaliação de diversos cenários para não adesão, verificou-se que a perda de duas doses consecutivas, sem reposição foi considerada o único cenário que pode alterar significativamente os parâmetros farmacocinéticos da CQ e interferir na resposta terapêutica. / The association of Chloroquine (CQ) and Primaquine (PQ) is used as first-line treatment for malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax in Brazil. Treatment failure of this association is recognized worldwide and frequently reported. Multifactorial, involving related to the host, the vector and the etiological agent variables. Among these, treatment adherence is critical to establish the efficacy and effectiveness of antimalarial drugs, because the behavior of non-compliance tends to increase the rates of parasite recurrence and foster the emergence of strains resistant to antimalarial drugs. Despite the high incidence of P. vivax malaria in the Brazilian Amazon basin, few studies have evaluated treatment adherence and behavioral factors and environmental determinants. This study aimed to estimate the rate of non-adherence to treatment of P. vivax malaria in the municipality of Anajás, PA. We conducted a survey of demographic data (age, location, gender) and observational studies on the perception of the local population about the disease and its treatment. Then become a validated instrument to measure non-adherence to treatment in different metrics, based on the study by Morisky et al. (1986), with the addition of an item on the self-replication of doses for use in patients with P. vivax malaria. Finally, we proposed an evaluation model of non-adherence based on therapeutic drug monitoring of pharmacokinetic parameters of CQ, considering different scenarios of noncompliance. The results showed that the disease occurs in both sexes and in most cases are from rural areas. Risk factors such as gender, origin, parasitaemia at admission to treatment and age had no significant impact on rates of nonadherence. However, the abandonment of treatment to feel better, the need to return to work, or worse activities, the adverse effects of CQ, were the key behaviors for non-compliance to full treatment regimen. The instrument for measuring non-adherence, consisting of five items presented satisfactory validation parameters, in particular in its Likert scale dichotomized so that estimated non-adherence to the therapeutic regimen in 33.3%. After construction and validation of the mono-compartmental pharmacokinetic model by non-linear regression and evaluation of various scenarios for non-adherence, it is found that the loss of two consecutive doses without replacement was regarded as the only scenario that can significantly change the pharmacokinetic parameters and CK interfere with the therapeutic response.

In the wake of motion capture and visual animation one aspect seems to be lacking. A realistic representation of the dynamic and unpredictable human visual perception. A human examines her surroundings in a unpredictable, saliency based and top-down task oriented manner. In the field of computer science, interaction design and the industry of game development, great leaps have been taken when it comes to capture motion of bodies. Motion capture helps developers and film makers to portray realistic humans in virtual environments. Where motion has come far, eyes and perception has not. As of yet a virtual representation of human visual perception, has not been mimicked as close as body motion. This thesis will examine perceived realism in virtual agents, with a focus on eye motion. In this study a virtual agent has been given eye movements of human beings and been compared to an agent based on current virtual agents in games. This is the first step towards synthesizing more than just human motion in virtual agents. It will provide future research with the data and tools needed to produce an algorithm based on the gathered data. Prior context research includes a study of current games. Two participant experiments have been be conducted, both has recorded eye positional data for analysis. The first experiment helps build the second as it compares virtual agents using a Likert scale for a subjective rating of realism. The results offers some very interesting data, indeed data that lie at the core of the study as well as data for further studies. While statistical analyses of Likert scales might be considered ambiguous this study has done so and reached a conclusion. A virtual agent enhanced with eye-motion based on human eye movements does portray a more realistic human like behaviour. / Arbetet undersöker uppfattad realism av virtuella karaktärer som använder mänskliga ögonrörelser. Med hjälp av en Tobii Eye-tracker har personers ögonrörelser spelats in medan de tittat på en virtuell karaktär. Därefter har den informationen använts till att skapa en virtuell karaktär med mänskliga ögonrörelser. En jämförelse mellan dessa har sedan gjorts för att bedöma vad som uppfattas mest realistiskt. Resultaten kan inte statistik säkerställas, även om datan ger indikationer på att det är en skillnad. / Programme: Master of Science Programme in Design, Interaction and Game Technologies/Masterprogram i design, interaktion och spelteknologier Phone nr: +46735305836

The impact of international mobility and globalization on universities has led to a greater need for students. Thus, throughout students stay in their destinatio ncountry, prospective students access a variety of sources of information and make simultaneous decisions about where to travel; decision making is required at everystage of the travel process (pre-travel, during travel, and post travel). Previous to the advent of social media dominate traditional sources of information, such as print media, educational fairs and university websites. The social media websites such as social networking (Facebook, Google+, LinkedIn,), microblogging (Twitter,Tumblr), photo sharing (Snapchat, Instagram, Pinterest), Video sharing (YouTube,Facebook Live, Periscope, Vimeo) become an alternative source of university information as many young people and students engage, work and participate in this online community. The purpose of this thesis is to research the influence of social media on the decision-making process of Ethiopian educational tourists in Poland, as well as how other factors (such as others’ comments, replies, and tour reviews) influence the process of their travel decision making. The data collection tool was a survey that included demographic questions, closed ended questions, multiple choice questions, a rating scale (Likert 5 scale model), and a few open-ended questions. The survey questionnaire was completed by 137 international students. The study's findings indicate that social media has a sizable influence and role as a source of information for Ethiopian educational tourists in Poland at every stage of their travel decisionmaking process, and that other factors (such as others' comments, replies, and tourreviews) influenced their decision-making process as well. Overall, this study helps to gather insights into Ethiopian educational tourists' decision-making behavior in Poland. Due to the fact that the research will contribute cross-national knowledge about educational tourists' behavior during the travel decision-making process in a destination, it will have a significant impact on promoting domestic travel and tourism in Poland.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between attitudes towards supervisory support after training and work performance of employees at the Department of Education’s Nkangala District in Mpumalanga during 2008. The sample comprised a complete sampling frame of HR and finance personnel. A five-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the attitudes of respondents towards supervisory support, and their work performance scores were correlated with the ratings of the attitudes towards supervisory support after training. Pearson’s product- moment correlation coefficient (PPM) was used to assess the relationship between the two variables. The results showed no significant relationship between attitudes towards supervisory support and work performance. The ANOVA test found that a significant (p= .016) difference only existed between attitudes towards supervisory support and educational level. The hypothesis stated in this study was therefore rejected. / Human Resource Management / M. Tech. (Human Resource Development)

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C)(2) 課題番号:11610113 研究代表者:村上 隆 研究期間:1999-2000年度

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between attitudes towards supervisory support after training and work performance of employees at the Department of Education’s Nkangala District in Mpumalanga during 2008. The sample comprised a complete sampling frame of HR and finance personnel. A five-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the attitudes of respondents towards supervisory support, and their work performance scores were correlated with the ratings of the attitudes towards supervisory support after training. Pearson’s product- moment correlation coefficient (PPM) was used to assess the relationship between the two variables. The results showed no significant relationship between attitudes towards supervisory support and work performance. The ANOVA test found that a significant (p= .016) difference only existed between attitudes towards supervisory support and educational level. The hypothesis stated in this study was therefore rejected. / Human Resource Management / M. Tech. (Human Resource Development)

The purpose of the study was to explore and describe leadership at Matlala District Hospital in Limpopo, a province of South Africa. The study was critical for a better understanding of leadership styles adopted in different situations (hospital, district or province) at Matlala District Hospital in the Sekhukhune district. The main objectives of the study were described in chapter 1 on leadership styles (transformational and transactional), to determine how best to investigate leadership styles at Matlala District Hospital, to determine what the current leadership style at Matlala District Hospital is and to propose the most appropriate leadership style for Matlala District Hospital. A mixed-methods approach was used with an exploratory and descriptive design. In terms of the qualitative methodology, purposive sampling was used as the managers were selected on their knowledge of the issues under investigation. Firstly, an interview schedule was developed and used to collect data at Matlala District Hospital. The sample size was 82. Interviews were conducted with 12 members of the executive committee who were regarded as senior managers of the hospital. Secondly, the researcher distributed the questionnaires to participants of the hospital that met the inclusion criteria. Seventy participants completed questionnaires, which were collected upon completion. A 100% response rate was reached. Thematic analysis was used to assess the qualitative data. With regard to quantitative data analysis, descriptive, frequency tables and charts and inferential statistics were used. According to the results, those managers who felt that resources had be provided felt strongly that leadership at the hospital should be improved. Accordingly, guidelines for improving leadership at Matlala District Hospital have to be developed to ensure that mitigating factors are in place for the improvement of the situation at the hospital. / Public Administration and Management / M. P. A. (Public Administration)

Der Umweltunterricht in Biologie befindet sich in der Orientierung zwischen Zwängen zur Reduktion auf naturwissenschaftliches Basiswissen (scientific literacy), den Kompetenzansprüchen der traditionellen Umweltbildung (environmental literacy) und der zuletzt implementierten Bildung für Nachhaltigkeit (BNE) mit dem Ziel Gestaltungskompetenz (sustainability literacy). Die hier präsentierte Studie diente neben der Bestimmung und Diskussion des Ist-Standes bei der Vermittlung umweltbezogener Gesichtspunkte im Rahmen des Faches Biologie auch der Entwicklung eines entsprechenden Instrumentes zur Erfassung der Unterrichtskonzepte von Lehrpersonen. Die Identifikation der Unterrichtskonzepte ging von Lehrkräften und deren Befragung in einem Ländervergleich zwischen Deutschland und Schweden aus. Methodisch wurde eine Kombination aus qualitativen und quantitativen Verfahren umgesetzt. Drei latente Erklärungsvariablen für die Antwortmuster der Lehrpersonen wurden faktorenanalytisch identifiziert und in verschiedenen Erhebungswellen validiert. Darauf basierend wurden drei kurze Testskalen gebildet. Ein zweites Auswertungsverfahren bestand in der Clusteranalyse der befragten Lehrkräfte. Indem die Cluster mit den Skalen in Beziehung gesetzt wurden, konnten anhand der Varianz der Gruppenmittelwerte verschiedene Profile identifiziert werden. Dies führte zur Beschreibung von je sechs qualitativ und quantitativ differenzierbaren Unterrichtskonzepten in Deutschland und Schweden als reservierte, minimalistische, traditionelle, neuorientierte, ambivalente und pluralistische Realisierung von Umweltbiologie. Während der reservierte Ansatz in Schweden nicht auftritt, kann dort „theoretische Umweltbiologie“ unterschieden werden. Beim derzeitigen Aus- und Fortbildungsstand der Lehrkräfte ist die Umsetzung von BNE in Deutschland nicht adäquat gewährleistet. Gründe dafür liegen im disziplinären Vermittlungsmodus, mit dem die Entwicklung überfachlicher Kompetenzen kaum vereinbar ist. / Environmental education has been implemented interdisciplinary at school in Germany. On the contrary, teacher training still remains emphasizing specific scientific subjects. Only recently, different initiatives towards education for sustainable development (ESD) are under way on state level, sub-state level and local level. However, common criteria for designing interdisciplinary teaching processes have not become obvious in Germany. There is a risk, therefore, that teachers will make decisions concerning aims, content and methods based solely on intuition. The study presented here identifies and discusses the existing state of concepts of environmental biology among biology teachers with respect to scientific literacy, environmental literacy and sustainability literacy. A wide range of different aspects of didactics in environmental biology was identified and gathered from biology teachers and scientists in Germany and Sweden. Following classical test theory, the diverse statements were eventually transformed into a closed Likert-scale questionnaire. In two preliminary studies and in the main study that was conducted across the whole of Germany, three dimensions were identified and validated by means of factor analysis. Using cluster analysis, six concepts can be distinguished: pluralistic, ambivalent, realigned, traditional, minimalist and reserved realisation of environmental biology. Biology teachers generally refer to a disciplinary science orientated teaching repertoire when addressing environmental education, which is not adequate to ESD theory. Following the investigation in Sweden, also six concepts can be distinguished. Instead of the reserved concept, a theoretic realisation exists in Sweden suitable for facilitation of sustainability literacy. In five types of realising environmental biology, a high degree of agreement was identified between perceptions of teachers in Germany and Sweden.

The role of the principal can no longer be viewed as merely being a manager and administrator but rather as learning-expert and lifelong learner. Principals are expected to establish appropriate preconditions for effective teaching, learning and assessment, and flow through with interactions aimed at improving teaching and leaning. The problem statement for this study was based on the researcher’s opinion that the lack of knowledge of effective assessment practices by principals as instructional leaders seemed to have a negative influence on teacher’s perceptions of the implementation of quality assessment practices in their respective classrooms. The reason for this challenge is because principals are not involved in the classroom assessment practices, to revise, support and manage the quality of assessment by indentifying teacher’s assessment to them. The purpose of this study was to design a proposed instructional leadership model/ framework to ensure effective and quality assessment practices at school level. This ILQA framework/model was designed from the literature review, findings and personal experience as a principal. The aim of this ILQA framework/model was to support principals understand their roles in the teaching and learning environment in ensuring quality assessment practices at school level. This study investigates how principals execute their roles as instructional leaders in ensuring effective and the implementation of quality assessment practices using structured questionnaire from a sample of 250 respondents and semi structured interviews with five primary school principals in the Free State Department of Basic Education. It was found that to ensure quality assessment practices, principals should understand their role in assessment for learning, assessment of learning and assessment as learning and integrate them into classroom instruction as an important component of quality teaching and learning. In summary the researcher further hopes that when the findings and the recommendations of this study are implemented, it will add value to the school principals’ instructional leadership roles in ensuring quality assessment practices at school level. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

The role of the principal can no longer be viewed as merely being a manager and administrator but rather as learning-expert and lifelong learner. Principals are expected to establish appropriate preconditions for effective teaching, learning and assessment, and flow through with interactions aimed at improving teaching and leaning. The problem statement for this study was based on the researcher’s opinion that the lack of knowledge of effective assessment practices by principals as instructional leaders seemed to have a negative influence on teacher’s perceptions of the implementation of quality assessment practices in their respective classrooms. The reason for this challenge is because principals are not involved in the classroom assessment practices, to revise, support and manage the quality of assessment by indentifying teacher’s assessment to them. The purpose of this study was to design a proposed instructional leadership model/ framework to ensure effective and quality assessment practices at school level. This ILQA framework/model was designed from the literature review, findings and personal experience as a principal. The aim of this ILQA framework/model was to support principals understand their roles in the teaching and learning environment in ensuring quality assessment practices at school level. This study investigates how principals execute their roles as instructional leaders in ensuring effective and the implementation of quality assessment practices using structured questionnaire from a sample of 250 respondents and semi structured interviews with five primary school principals in the Free State Department of Basic Education. It was found that to ensure quality assessment practices, principals should understand their role in assessment for learning, assessment of learning and assessment as learning and integrate them into classroom instruction as an important component of quality teaching and learning. In summary the researcher further hopes that when the findings and the recommendations of this study are implemented, it will add value to the school principals’ instructional leadership roles in ensuring quality assessment practices at school level. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)