The Chinese education issues in Malaysia appear frequently in political discourse, often featuring contentious discussions of language learning and national education policies. Applying an historical approach to contextualize a political discourse, this thesis examines the politics and transformation of Malaysian Chinese education, in microcosm, at the level of a renowned Chinese school, Chung Ling High School in Penang. It explores and maps the question of "Chineseness" through the examination of the history and development of Chung Ling since its establishment in 1917. This thesis also aims to elucidate the complex negotiation between multiple stakeholders of the Chinese community which took place at different historical junctures in a postcolonial and multi-ethnic nation. I discuss memorial activities for two deceased educationists, David Chen and Lim Lian Geok, which have been readapted into contemporary discourse by different factions of educationists to express their dissatisfactions toward state hegemony on education policies. Lastly, I argue that the persistent pursuit of "Chineseness" is counterproductive to the aim of safeguarding interests of Chinese schools within and outside the national education system today.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-12T14:01:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AyresCON.pdf: 499485 bytes, checksum: 0c2df647d28b9d8ceb099f01d2e2e2e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-12 / The research aimed two objectives: 1st) identifying and describing the metaphors of the inflation, in a corpus of 18 texts of economic journalism, from Joelmir Beting, written in the last trimester of 2002, at the moment of the government s transition of president Fernando Henrique Cardoso to Luiz In?cio Lula Da Silva. 2nd) verifying the recognition of the metaphors by the students of the basic education of a private school from Natal. 91 metaphors had been identified, analyzed in the perspective of the conceptual metaphor s theory, by Lakoff and Johnson (2002), on the basis of the distinction between conceptual metaphor and metaphoric expressions, and between domain-source/domain-target. 10 underlying conceptual metaphors had been inferred, being that the domains-source used more frequently to characterize the inflation had been those ones according to the human being and the animals and, of a less imaginable form, to the ways of transport (car, aircraft). These general conceptual metaphors had been unfolded in other s more specific ones ( animal specifying itself in lion , dragon , dog , etc.). Another result was the identification of metaphoric expressions with two or more meanings , with relation to more than one conceptual metaphor or explicit, in the same expression, two domains-source (for example: armored dragon ) and contributes, of a relevant form, for the semantic struturation of the text. The understanding of the metaphors was verified through an activity of domains-source s identification (10 metaphoric statements and fulfilling of the gap in the phrase the inflation is a/an ) applied in a group of 8th year of the basic education (12-13 years old, with 14 girls and 17 boys) from a school of good social and economic positions from Natal-RN. There weren t great difficulties on the part of the students in recognizing the domains-source involved: about 80% to the great majority of the statements / A pesquisa visou a dois objetivos: 1?) identificar e descrever as met?foras da infla??o, em um corpus de 18 textos de jornalismo econ?mico, de autoria de Joelmir Beting, escritos no ?ltimo trimestre de 2002, no momento da transi??o do governo do presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso para o do presidente eleito Luiz In?cio Lula da Silva. 2?) verificar o reconhecimento das met?foras por parte de alunos do ensino fundamental de uma escola particular de Natal. Foram identificadas 91 met?foras, analisadas na perspectiva da teoria da met?fora conceitual, de Lakoff e Johnson (2002), com base na distin??o entre met?fora conceitual / express?es metaf?ricas, e entre dom?nio-fonte / dom?nio-alvo. Foram depreendidas 10 met?foras conceituais subjacentes, sendo que os dom?nios-fonte mais freq?entemente utilizados para caracterizar a infla??o foram aqueles ligados ao ser humano e aos animais e, de forma menos previs?vel, aos meios de transporte (carro, aeronave). Essas met?foras conceituais gerais, foram desdobradas em outras mais espec?ficas ( animal especificando-se em le?o , drag?o , cachorro , etc.). Um outro resultado foi a identifica??o de express?es metaf?ricas poliss?micas , que remetem a mais de uma met?fora conceitual ou explicitam, na mesma express?o, dois dom?nios-fonte (por exemplo: drag?o blindado ) e contribuem, de forma relevante, para a estrutura??o sem?ntica do texto. A compreens?o das met?foras foi verificada atrav?s de uma atividade de identifica??o de dom?nios-fonte (10 enunciados metaf?ricos e preenchimento da lacuna na frase A infla??o ? um/uma... ) aplicada em uma turma de 8? ano do ensino fundamental (12-13 anos de idade, sendo 14 meninas e 17 meninos) de uma escola de classe m?dia-alta de Natal-RN. N?o houve maiores dificuldades por parte dos alunos em reconhecer os dom?nios-fonte envolvidos: em torno de 80% para a grande maioria dos enunciados

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:04:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AyresCON.pdf: 499485 bytes, checksum: 0c2df647d28b9d8ceb099f01d2e2e2e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-12 / The research aimed two objectives: 1st) identifying and describing the metaphors of the inflation, in a corpus of 18 texts of economic journalism, from Joelmir Beting, written in the last trimester of 2002, at the moment of the government s transition of president Fernando Henrique Cardoso to Luiz In?cio Lula Da Silva. 2nd) verifying the recognition of the metaphors by the students of the basic education of a private school from Natal. 91 metaphors had been identified, analyzed in the perspective of the conceptual metaphor s theory, by Lakoff and Johnson (2002), on the basis of the distinction between conceptual metaphor and metaphoric expressions, and between domain-source/domain-target. 10 underlying conceptual metaphors had been inferred, being that the domains-source used more frequently to characterize the inflation had been those ones according to the human being and the animals and, of a less imaginable form, to the ways of transport (car, aircraft). These general conceptual metaphors had been unfolded in other s more specific ones ( animal specifying itself in lion , dragon , dog , etc.). Another result was the identification of metaphoric expressions with two or more meanings , with relation to more than one conceptual metaphor or explicit, in the same expression, two domains-source (for example: armored dragon ) and contributes, of a relevant form, for the semantic struturation of the text. The understanding of the metaphors was verified through an activity of domains-source s identification (10 metaphoric statements and fulfilling of the gap in the phrase the inflation is a/an ) applied in a group of 8th year of the basic education (12-13 years old, with 14 girls and 17 boys) from a school of good social and economic positions from Natal-RN. There weren t great difficulties on the part of the students in recognizing the domains-source involved: about 80% to the great majority of the statements / A pesquisa visou a dois objetivos: 1?) identificar e descrever as met?foras da infla??o, em um corpus de 18 textos de jornalismo econ?mico, de autoria de Joelmir Beting, escritos no ?ltimo trimestre de 2002, no momento da transi??o do governo do presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso para o do presidente eleito Luiz In?cio Lula da Silva. 2?) verificar o reconhecimento das met?foras por parte de alunos do ensino fundamental de uma escola particular de Natal. Foram identificadas 91 met?foras, analisadas na perspectiva da teoria da met?fora conceitual, de Lakoff e Johnson (2002), com base na distin??o entre met?fora conceitual / express?es metaf?ricas, e entre dom?nio-fonte / dom?nio-alvo. Foram depreendidas 10 met?foras conceituais subjacentes, sendo que os dom?nios-fonte mais freq?entemente utilizados para caracterizar a infla??o foram aqueles ligados ao ser humano e aos animais e, de forma menos previs?vel, aos meios de transporte (carro, aeronave). Essas met?foras conceituais gerais, foram desdobradas em outras mais espec?ficas ( animal especificando-se em le?o , drag?o , cachorro , etc.). Um outro resultado foi a identifica??o de express?es metaf?ricas poliss?micas , que remetem a mais de uma met?fora conceitual ou explicitam, na mesma express?o, dois dom?nios-fonte (por exemplo: drag?o blindado ) e contribuem, de forma relevante, para a estrutura??o sem?ntica do texto. A compreens?o das met?foras foi verificada atrav?s de uma atividade de identifica??o de dom?nios-fonte (10 enunciados metaf?ricos e preenchimento da lacuna na frase A infla??o ? um/uma... ) aplicada em uma turma de 8? ano do ensino fundamental (12-13 anos de idade, sendo 14 meninas e 17 meninos) de uma escola de classe m?dia-alta de Natal-RN. N?o houve maiores dificuldades por parte dos alunos em reconhecer os dom?nios-fonte envolvidos: em torno de 80% para a grande maioria dos enunciados

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:06:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JanainaTC.pdf: 1439065 bytes, checksum: 44bd95c7b703944bff11f5aee8d28797 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-01 / To the observe the periods of electoral campaigns, we can realize sharply the abundance of political propaganda that announces the candidates, their campaign record, their proposed and everything that can carry them to the victory in the urns. The propaganda is today an essential tool in the votes dispute, in consequence of this, there is, in Brazil, the increasing participation of the Politics Parties in seminars of electoral marketing. They are varied strategies of the media used in the divulging of the candidacies, among them the slogan. Instigated by the explicit relation media/political, this work intends to investigate the ideologies (values) announced by the slogans of political propaganda that circulated in electoral periods. Thus, we base on the theory of the Circle of Bakhtin, who considers the statement as unit of the verbal communication, and that conceives the language as phenomenon dialogical, and, too, in the conceptions of alien words, social voices and dialogical relations formulated by the referred theory. We use, for better to comprehend, the slogan as strategy mediatic, of the classical study done by Olivier Reboul concerning the slogan; and, like starting point of a conception about ideology, studied John Thompson to comprehends the ideological phenomenon. Our corpus it constitutes of 14 political slogans announced in the campaigns for mayor of the cities in Natal and Mossor?, both located in Rio Grande do Norte s state, Brazil, in 1996, 2000 and 2004. For the analysis of these slogans, we consider the social-historical context in which were announced, being contemplated the linguistic and discursive aspect, according to the following methodological order: the identification of alien words (interdiscours); the social voices and the kinds dialogical relations established; and, finally, the ideology announced by the statement. This way, we can arrive to the conclusion that in the electoral context occurs a true ideologies war , in other words, in the political game of an electoral campaign, the slogans announces different values, which vary in several factors function, for example, the historicity, the subject that enunciates, the discursive positionings. / Ao observarmos os per?odos de campanhas eleitorais, podemos perceber nitidamente a abund?ncia de propaganda pol?tica que divulga os candidatos, sua agenda de campanha, suas propostas e tudo o mais que possa lev?-los ? vit?ria nas urnas. A propaganda ? hoje uma ferramenta essencial na disputa de votos, em conseq??ncia disso, h?, no Brasil, a crescente participa??o dos partidos em semin?rios de marketing eleitoral. S?o variadas estrat?gias midi?ticas utilizadas na divulga??o das candidaturas, dentre elas o slogan. Instigados pela expl?cita rela??o m?dia/pol?tica, este trabalho pretende investigar as ideologias (valores) veiculadas pelos slogans de propaganda pol?tica que circularam em per?odos eleitorais. Para tanto, nos ancoramos na teoria do C?rculo de Bakhtin, que considera o enunciado como unidade da comunica??o verbal, e que concebe a linguagem como fen?meno dial?gico, e, ainda, nas concep??es de j?-dito, vozes sociais e rela??es dial?gicas formuladas pela referida teoria. Lan?amos m?o tamb?m, para melhor compreender o slogan como estrat?gia midi?tica, do estudo cl?ssico feito por Olivier Reboul acerca do slogan; e, como ponto de partida de uma concep??o sobre ideologia, vimos como John Thompson compreende o fen?meno ideol?gico. Nosso corpus constitui-se de 14 slogans pol?ticos veiculados nas campanhas para prefeito das cidades de Natal e Mossor?, ambas localizadas no estado Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, em 1996, 2000 e 2004. Para a an?lise desses slogans, consideramos o contexto s?cio-hist?rico nos quais foram veiculados, sendo contemplado o aspecto ling??stico e discursivo, de acordo com a seguinte ordem metodol?gica: a identifica??o dos j?-ditos (interdiscurso); as vozes sociais e os tipos de rela??es dial?gicas estabelecidas; e, por fim, a ideologia veiculada pelo enunciado. Com isso, podemos chegar ? conclus?o de que no contexto eleitoral ocorre uma verdadeira guerra de ideologias, ou seja, no jogo pol?tico de uma campanha eleitoral, os slogans veiculam diferentes valores, que variam em fun??o de diversos fatores, por exemplo, a historicidade, os sujeitos enunciadores, os posicionamentos discursivos.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:06:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaVNSL.pdf: 696006 bytes, checksum: b33a1881a975a3aacaaecaff3cb57e72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This research investigates current sense effects at the use of linguistic resources of the argument in a corpus constituted by juridical pieces (Initial Petitions), that gave opportunity to actions originated from the Civil Special Court of the District of Currais Novos-RN. For this purpose it was established a relation between the Law and the Linguistics, mediated by the focus of the Argumentative Semantics, emphasizing, in a special way, the use of argumentative operators, which inserted in the own language, in its grammar, assume the orientation of the speech and the modalizers use, important mechanisms in the construction of the sense of the text and in the signalling in the way as that that one say is said,. This way, we began the investigation of that gender choosing as study object the section of the facts , that comprehends a part of Initial Petition where is explanted the narration of events that gave margin to the proposal for the Action. In face of the study object and the aim to be reached it was appealed, methodologically, to the notion of Rhetoric since from the classic antiquity to the emergence of the New present Rhetoric in Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005) that, at the present time, is inserted in the studies of the Pragmatic connected to the central theses of the Ducrot s thinking (1977, 1980, 1987). Such referential allowed us to a better understanding about the production of the juridical speech on the part of the operators of the Law, as well as, to analyze in way wide the current sense effects from the use of argument linguistic marks the juridical speech. The data showed that such marks are indispensable elements to the construction of the textual web, particularly when in the range of the juridical argumentation, since they direct the speech for certain conclusions. However, we have observed that in the texts produced by the lawyers the use of those linguistic resources not always takes place in an appropriate way. The texts analyzed have also showed that it is possible to unmask, through the linguistic resources, the argumentative strategy employed by the authors for convincing of the magistrate, making evident that language is more than a system of signs, which it makes possible to see beyond the limit of the words and statements. Finally, we have verified that the categories analyzed, when used appropriately, are elements that engender argumentative maneuvers of effectiveness in the juridical text, being fundamental pieces which give argumentative strength the text, making the speech to move forward, not only the juridical, but the speech produced in any domain of the knowledge / Esta pesquisa investiga efeitos de sentido decorrentes do uso de recursos ling??sticos da argumenta??o em um corpus constitu?do por pe?as jur?dicas (Peti??es Iniciais), que ensejaram a??es oriundas do Juizado Especial C?vel da Comarca de Currais Novos (RN). Para tanto, estabelecemos uma rela??o entre o Direito e a Ling??stica, mediada pelo enfoque da Sem?ntica Argumentativa, focalizando, de modo especial, o uso de operadores argumentativos, os quais insertos na pr?pria l?ngua, na sua gram?tica, assumem a orienta??o do discurso e o uso de modalizadores, mecanismos importantes na constru??o do sentido do texto e na sinaliza??o do modo como aquilo que se diz ? dito. Desta maneira, iniciamos a investiga??o deste g?nero elegendo como objeto de estudo a se??o dos fatos , que compreende a parte da Peti??o Inicial onde ? explicitada a narra??o dos eventos que deram margem ? propositura da A??o. Em face do objeto de estudo e objetivo a serem alcan?ados recorremos, metodologicamente, ? no??o de Ret?rica desde a antiguidade cl?ssica at? o aparecimento da Nova Ret?rica presente em Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005), que, na atualidade, est? compreendida nos estudos da Pragm?tica e conectada ?s teses centrais do pensamento de Ducrot (1977, 1980, 1987). Tais referenciais nos permitiram uma melhor compreens?o da produ??o do discurso jur?dico por parte dos operadores do Direito, bem como, analisar de forma ampla efeitos de sentidos decorrentes do uso de marcas ling??sticas da argumenta??o no discurso jur?dico. Os dados mostraram que tais marcas constituem-se elementos indispens?veis ? constru??o do tecido textual, particularmente, no ?mbito da argumenta??o jur?dica, pois encaminham o discurso para determinadas conclus?es. Contudo, observamos que nos textos produzidos pelos advogados, o uso desses recursos ling??sticos nem sempre ocorre de forma adequada. Os textos analisados mostraram tamb?m que ? poss?vel desvendar, atrav?s dos recursos ling??sticos, as estrat?gias argumentativas empregadas pelos autores para convencimento do magistrado, tornando evidente que a linguagem ? mais que um sistema de signos, que ela permite enxergar al?m do limite das palavras e enunciados. Por fim, constatamos que as categorias analisadas, quando usadas, adequadamente, s?o elementos que engendram manobras argumentativas de efic?cia no texto jur?dico, sendo pe?as fundamentais, atribuidoras de for?a argumentativa ao texto, fazendo o discurso avan?ar, n?o s? o jur?dico, mas, aquele produzido em qualquer dom?nio do conhecimento

Spanning forty years apart, the short story “Miss Sophia’s Diary” (1926) by Ding Ling and The Bell Jar (1963) by Sylvia Plath can speak to one another in revealing the position of women in a revolutionary new era. The two stories may be generationally and geographically distant, yet both hold a collective female consciousness in the context of the emerging modernist epoch. By examining these two pieces of literature in relation to one another, similar attitudes and stylistic trends emerge regarding the treatment of women. The common archetypes, for each respective time and country, imprinted onto women are at some points accepted but also rejected in these two female-focused stories. In disregarding many of the traits associated with the modern woman, Ling and Plath mold a unique feminine persona to capture the essence of what a true woman can and should be. Not only does the likeness of the works contribute in establishing a global feminist ideal, it is in the differences where cultural and generational attitudes can be investigated. What the pillar of feminism represented in early 1920s China differs significantly from 1950s United States of America. Though these differences can be signs of progression for woman’s rights, there are many of the same anxieties surrounding women that have lingered on for decades. This thesis will conduct a comparative study on how the “Miss Sophia’s Diary” and The Bell Jar posses the unique variations of the modern woman. Furthermore, with the use of a web-based corpus analysis program, this thesis sets out to probe selections from both works linguistically. Doing so will uphold a clearer image as to each texts’ word associations when discussing women and can further reveal how the construction of each female persona compares to one another. Overall, this thesis dismantles borders of both time and space to expose the true meaning behind the modern woman’s role in a largely demeaning and patriarchal world.

本論文之研究立旨，在探詩謝靈運山水詩與鮑照山水詩之異同關係，並試為南朝山水 詩之發展重新整理出一個途徑來，就討論謝靈運與鮑照二家山水詩之特色。 本論文共分為六章、十七節，約十萬字，大致內容如下： 第一章：謝靈運與鮑照之生平。 讀其詩，知其人。于章探討謝靈運與鮑照二家先先世及家境懸殊，仕宦生涯不同。 第二章：謝靈運與絇照詩之淵源。 本章考察謝靈運所受曹植與張協的影響，以及鮑照所受張協與張華的影響。 第三章：以六朝「形似」觀點來看謝、鮑山水詩。 本章分為共四節：（一）「形似」觀之演變及文學背景，（二）「形似」之意義與語 言特質，（三）「形似」與山水詩之關係，（四）「形式」觀在謝、鮑山水詩中表現 。 第四章：謝、鮑山水詩之修辭技巧比較。 本章分謝、鮑山水詩欠修辭技巧為五項比較之：（一）數彩設色，（二）鍊字儷句， （三）疊字摹神，（四善用雙聲韻，（五）蟬聯緊湊。 第五章：謝靈運與鮑照山水詩之特色比較。 本章首先探討魏晉時代的莊園經濟與山水詩的興起，攘著比較謝、鮑山水詩之特色。 第六章：結論

第一章 幣原外交的背景因素。 第一節 新秩序的模索。 第二節 「華盛頓體制」與日本外交。 第三節 第一次世界大戰後日本國內的經濟、社會難題。 第四節 幣原對華外交理念與制約。 第二章 中國東北局勢的轉變與日本的對策。 第一節 「滿蒙生命線」與經營機關。 第二節 日本民間產業的投資與挫折。 第三節 郭松齡事件與日本的肆應。 第三章 北京特別關稅會議與幣原的意圖。 第一節 中日對關稅會議的準備。 第二節 關稅自主權的爭執。 第三節 附加稅稅率與用途的擱置。 第四章 國民政府北伐與日本的方針。 第一節 國民政府北伐與各國反應。 第二節 出兵上海的爭執。 第三節 南京事件與幣原處理方針。 第五章 幣原外交的結果。 第一節 日本國內對幣原外交的攻擊。 第二節 幣原外交的檢討。 結論

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of Chinese

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:37:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 399739.pdf: 1135625 bytes, checksum: 7177bebcbde3b9f75a9e3ff2a6d93ccc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-10 / Esta pesquisa prop?e a elabora??o e a aplica??o de um instrumento para avaliar a consci?ncia fonol?gica de crian?as surdas, utentes da L?ngua de Sinais Brasileira (LSB), em um dos principais par?metros estudados na fonologia da l?ngua de sinais, a configura??o de m?o (CM), e tamb?m a an?lise do pr?prio instrumento quanto ? sua aplicabilidade e efici?ncia. Os informantes desta pesquisa s?o cinco professores surdos, proficientes na LSB, e quinze crian?as surdas estudantes de uma escola para surdos da cidade de Porto Alegre, com faixa et?ria entre 6:0 e 11:1, n?o repetentes, com o in?cio da aquisi??o da linguagem na LSB entre 0:0 e 4:1, e que n?o apresentam altera??es visuais, neurol?gicas e/ou defici?ncia mental. O instrumento ? composto de duas partes: na primeira, avalia-se a profici?ncia lexical, ou seja, os conhecimentos dos informantes em rela??o ao vocabul?rio do instrumento, e, na segunda, a consci?ncia fonol?gica do par?metro CM por meio de trinta tarefas organizadas em cinco itens. Estas foram elaboradas e organizadas considerando as condi??es para a boa-forma??o de sinais e a fonologia da LSB. Os resultados demonstraram que o instrumento proposto possibilita a avalia??o da consci?ncia fonol?gica no par?metro CM, e que as tarefas possuem diferentes n?veis de complexidade. Os dados referentes ?s avalia??es dos informantes, essenciais para a an?lise do instrumento, possibilitaram que considera??es sobre o desenvolvimento da consci?ncia fonol?gica em crian?as surdas em processo de aquisi??o da linguagem fossem realizadas. Assim, por meio da aplica??o do instrumento de avalia??o proposto, foi constatado que o per?odo de exposi??o ling??stica influenciou o desempenho das crian?as. Houve a tend?ncia de os informantes apresentarem melhor desempenho conforme o aumento do per?odo de exposi??o ling??stica na LSB. Al?m disso, algumas considera??es sobre a rela??o entre aquisi??o da fonologia em crian?as surdas utentes da LSB e esta pesquisa foram estabelecidas.