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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
121

Teoria das infer?ncias pragm?ticas do tipo implicatura : por uma potencial aplica??o para o ensino/aprendizagem do portugu?s como L2

Silveira, Silvana Souza 12 November 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:37:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 400557.pdf: 670003 bytes, checksum: 0f5f847356027262b2a51fb682a71622 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-12 / Conhecer o l?xico de uma l?ngua e ser capaz de decodific?-lo n?o ? o suficiente para compreender o significado impl?cito dessa l?ngua. ? necess?rio, tamb?m, reconhecer as inten??es do falante no momento da enuncia??o. Este estudo apresentar?, primeiramente, os fundamentos da significa??o expl?cita e da significa??o impl?cita, por meio de teorias sem?nticas e pragm?ticas, respectivamente. Argumentaremos que ? imposs?vel pensar nessas teorias como aut?nomas, se levarmos em considera??o que a l?ngua ? composta de aspectos sem?nticos e pragm?ticos, prova de que h? uma forte interface entre esses dois n?veis. A fim de mostrarmos como os falantes de uma l?ngua inferem no significado impl?cito, escolhemos a Teoria das Implicaturas de Grice (1975), refinada pela proposta de Costa (1984, 2005). Elaboramos um question?rio composto de 21 di?logos ricos em Implicaturas Convencionais e Conversacionais para testar o potencial te?rico das duas teorias e, tamb?m, para verificar se falantes nativos do portugu?s do Brasil e falantes n?o-nativos do portugu?s, especificamente falantes do mandarin, com um per?odo de imers?o na Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul PUCRS, Porto Alegre/RS, Brasil, apresentam diferen?as significativas em suas infer?ncias. Conclu?mos que Grice e Costa oferecem explica??es consistentes e sistem?ticas de como infer?ncias pragm?ticas s?o realizadas. O resultado do question?rio mostrou que os dois grupos estudados n?o apresentam diferen?as estat?sticas significantes, embora, do ponto de vista qualitativo, tais diferen?as parecem ser significantes, especialmente no que diz respeito ? comunica??o oral. Al?m disso, ser? oferecida como sugest?o que os professores de L2 conhe?am as teorias do significado abordadas nesta tese para que possam, dessa forma, otimizar a sua pr?tica pedag?gica.
122

A subordina??o no portugu?s brasileiro : da tradi??o gramatical ? vis?o ling??stica

Moreira, Edelvira A?da da Silva 29 January 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:37:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 400601.pdf: 13181921 bytes, checksum: 33ca7a1be68ed3f097c69406211a9cad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-29 / Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a senten?a subordinativa em editoriais jornal?sticos, detendo-se, no estudo prescritivista, como um todo, difundido pelas gram?ticas tradicionais, e nas teorias funcionalistas, para explicar as manifesta??es e interfer?ncia do n?vel funcional da l?ngua na escolha das formas verbais e do modo indicativo para a institui??o da ora??o subordinada nos textos de opini?o. A amostra ? constitu?da por 23 textos de editoriais veiculados pelos principais jornais brasileiros. A partir dos dados levantados, ? poss?vel constatar as ocorr?ncias em ora??es subordinadas das formas verbais e do modo indicativo e analisar as peculiaridades encontradas por esses elementos ling??sticos na composi??o das senten?as subordinativas. Os resultados das an?lises evidenciam que o verbo se apresenta no infinitivo em diferentes estruturas sint?ticas e que o predom?nio das ora??es reduzidas de partic?pio, do modo indicativo e da ora??o adjetiva implica funcionalidade da l?ngua, estabelecida nos diferentes contextos de uso em que est? inserido o editorial jornal?stico. Assim, a subordina??o n?o segue os padr?es gramaticais tradicionais na institui??o da senten?a subordinativa e tem como princ?pio que a escolha das formas e dos modos verbais, em textos de opini?o, tem como determinante o n?vel funcional da l?ngua.
123

Small clauses : infinitivo flexionado vs. Bare & To-Infinitives : a comparison in case assignment

Silva, Adriana C. Ruggeri Quinelo da 21 January 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:37:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 400714.pdf: 628183 bytes, checksum: 856482c5538edc2abb20b4e9f0801518 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-21 / Apesar da Teoria do Caso ser um dos t?picos mais centrais da discuss?o te?rica dentro da GB (Government and Binding Reg?ncia e Liga??o) como disseram Raposo e Uriagereka (1990), esse projeto compreende uma proposta ainda in?dita, tal como: um estudo comparativo da Atribui??o de Caso para os sujeitos das Mini-ora??es Infinitivas em Ingl?s e no Portugu?s Brasileiro. Mais especificamente, ? uma investiga??o completa das rela??es das estruturas sint?ticas a respeito do Infinitivo Flexionado no Portugu?s Brasileiro e do Bare & To-Infinitives do Ingl?s, a fim de demonstrar e explicar a parametriza??o na atribui??o de Caso. Para tanto, o comportamento do NP-sujeito das Miniora??es de ambas as l?nguas foi analisado e contrastado. Devido a uma combina??o rara de valores na Gram?tica Universal, o Portugu?s Brasileiro (PB) ? deveras problem?tico para acomodar a marca??o de Caso. No entanto; a GB (Teoria da Reg?ncia e Liga??o), mais conhecida como Princ?pios e Par?metros, da conta de explicar esse fen?meno totalmente, dado as contribui??es complementares ? teoria de Chomsky.
124

Avalia??o da consci?ncia fonol?gica em crian?as com S?ndrome de Down

Pinto, B?rbara de Lavra 14 January 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:37:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 410056.pdf: 717540 bytes, checksum: 94d8078f17c3f195e5f5d8007ca04e83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-14 / A amostra foi constitu?da de onze crian?as portadoras da s?ndrome (idade cronol?gica m?dia: 9 anos e 10 meses), as quais foram avaliadas quanto ? consci?ncia fonol?gica, n?vel de escrita, mem?ria de trabalho auditiva e inteligibilidade de fala. O instrumento utilizado neste estudo para avaliar a consci?ncia fonol?gica apresenta tarefas divididas em n?vel da s?laba e n?vel do fonema, a seq??ncia das mesmas segue o grau de dificuldade de crian?as com desenvolvimento t?pico. O tempo de letramento escolar das crian?as, referente ao tempo de contato com o ensino da l?ngua escrita em contexto formal, foi obtido atrav?s de um question?rio aplicado aos pais ou respons?veis e de contato com as escolas dos integrantes. Os resultados mostraram que os sujeitos deste estudo apresentaram n?veis mensur?veis de consci?ncia fonol?gica atrav?s da aplica??o do CONFIAS. Os participantes apresentaram maior facilidade na resolu??o de tarefas que exigiam consci?ncia sil?bica. Tarefas que requerem manipula??o de constituintes fonol?gicos, tanto no n?vel sil?bico quanto fon?mico, foram dif?ceis para os sujeitos desta pesquisa. A seq??ncia (grau de dificuldade) das tarefas do n?vel da s?laba do CONFIAS foi diferente para as crian?as com s?ndrome de Down avaliadas. Os indiv?duos deste estudo apresentaram diferentes hip?teses de escrita, as quais apresentaram associa??o positiva significativa com os escores da avalia??o da consci?ncia fonol?gica. O desempenho dos sujeitos com s?ndrome de Down na avalia??o da consci?ncia fonol?gica foi significativamente inferior ao de crian?as com desenvolvimento t?pico, apesar de mesma hip?tese de escrita. Os escores da avalia??o da consci?ncia fonol?gica apresentaram uma correla??o positiva significativa com as medidas de mem?ria de trabalho auditiva. A inteligibilidade de fala tamb?m mostrou, ao contr?rio do tempo de letramento escolar, associa??o significativa com a consci?ncia fonol?gica. Pode-se dizer, ent?o, que, para os participantes deste estudo, o aprendizado da escrita, o segmento a ser analisado, a mem?ria de trabalho auditiva e a inteligibilidade de fala influenciaram o desempenho dos participantes na avalia??o da consci?ncia fonol?gica. A partir de resultados deste estudo foi poss?vel concluir que a consci?ncia sil?bica pode aprimorar-se com a alfabetiza??o em sujeitos com s?ndrome de Down. J? a consci?ncia fon?mica parece surgir como resultado do aprendizado da escrita
125

Infer?ncias na interface sem?ntica e pragm?tica : uma investiga??o atrav?s dos di?logos do reality show

Davi, Ana Carolina Motta 26 January 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:38:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 422618.pdf: 941923 bytes, checksum: 4221e458fa48d35f57b3e366d16ada99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-26 / Esse trabalho visa descrever e verificar processos inferenciais dial?gicos sem?nticos e pragm?ticos presentes no g?nero televisivo Reality Show, mais especificamente no Big Brother Brasil 9, produzido pela Rede Globo de Televis?o. Para tanto, firma-se nos estudos inferenciais de Grice (1975), Sperber e Wilson (1986/1995/2008), Levinson (2000) e Costa (2008/2009), mais especificamente nos processos inferenciais descritos, explicados e ilustrados pelos autores. Baseado na transcri??o n?o t?cnica de infer?ncias ling??sticas retiradas do Big Brother Brasil 9 ? poss?vel afirmar que as mesmas atuam no processo cognitivo de tomada de decis?o e demonstrar como isso ocorre.
126

Týmová spolupráce při vzdělávání žáků se speciálními vzdělávacími potřebami / Team cooperation in the education of pupils with special educational needs

Peková, Aneta January 2019 (has links)
The diploma thesis focuses on the theme of cooperation and communication that takes place in schools as part of the education of pupils with special educational needs. This thesis is divided into two main parts. In the first part, the author draws on theoretical knowledge and, based on the work with the available literature, she prepares three main areas related to the topic. This first area focusing on special educational needs with a more detailed description of the most common support measures - individual educational plan and teacher assistant. Another area deals with counseling outside and within the school, including counselors. The conclusion of the first part is devoted to general and pedagogical communication. The first theoretical part is gassing, the empirical part follows. At the beginning of the empirical part are described the used research methods and the choice of the research sample. The following is a description of the functioning of the education of pupils with specific educational needs at a selected elementary school in the Central Bohemian Region. The description of the function itself completes the interview with six selected school staff, especially with the staff of the school counseling center. The aim was to describe the working model and to see how individual workers...
127

北伐前後婦女解放觀的轉變-以魯迅、茅盾、丁玲小說為中心的探討 / The emancipation of Chinese women during the Northern Expedition: focus on Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Ding Ling

吳怡萍, Wu, Yi Ping Unknown Date (has links)
本文共分五章。第一章緒論,約略敘述中國婦女解放運動發生的原因,和其強烈的救亡色彩,所產生的不利影響。第二章,討論魯迅及其所屬時代。從〈我之節烈觀〉對傳統貞節觀的批判,到〈娜拉走後怎樣〉經濟解放的時代宣示,魯迅小說《祝福》和《傷逝》中的女性也標幟著不同時代的變化。一個是肩負反傳統任務的苦難婦女,一個則不僅是象徵五四精神精神的中國娜拉,還身被對五四個性解放的反省。   第三章分析茅盾。茅盾個人的婦女解放觀和魯迅可以說是一脈相承。魯迅雖然提出經濟解放,卻沒有明示一條實行的道路,茅盾則直指革命,加入工農群眾,必須先達到社會解放,婦女才能得到解放。筆者選擇了《蝕》、《虹》兩部長篇小說和《野薔薇》□五個短篇小說集所創造的一系列的「時代女性」來分析。這些「時代女性」可以說是婦女史上自五四到五卅這段時期女性的具體圖像,她們不只是出走的娜拉,並且已是都市的「小資產階級女性」。在戀愛與革命之間,尋找自我的定位,最後茅盾以其男性的觀點,將婦女解放寄託在共黨革命上。第四章丁玲及其小說,丁玲是和這個男性主流意識妥協的典型代表。丁玲蜚聲文壇的作品《夢珂》、《莎菲女士的日記》,以一個女性對於愛與性的痛苦掙扎和需求,來探索女性的心靈狀態,呈現女性觀點的兩性關係。除了對父權社會的批判外,丁玲觸角伸到男性婦女解放觀點一個薄弱的層面:夫權的批判。自《夢珂》以後到一九二九年的作品,大都存有她個人的女性意識。但到一九三○年以後,為了順眾時代的潮流,她不期然地追隨了五四以來的「男性女性主義者」的道路,把婦女問題附屬在社會問題上。從《韋護》、《一九三○年春上海(之一)》、《一九三○年上海(之二)》到《水》,丁玲讓女主角們由女性自我向革命大眾妥協。包括她自己本身,也同時有了出路。   第五章結論,自戊戌以來,救亡圖存,政治、社會革命成為中國婦女解放運動主基調的結果,淡化了男性批判和女性的自我反思。儘管女性改善了社會地位和社會權利,但這並不是婦女解放運動真正精神內涵。唯有從女性自覺,以「性別」角度去揭開父權社會所加於中國婦女解放運動的重重障礙,方才能尋出女性在社會中的角色和定位,永遠不再陷入「娜拉走後怎樣」的循環夢魘中。
128

隴海鐵路的興築及其營運(1903-1945) / The Construction and Business of Lung-Hai Railway, 1903-1945

吳宗禮, Wu, Tzong-Lii Unknown Date (has links)
前輩學者對於鐵路史的研究,討論重點大多放在中原以及東北地區的鐵路 上,對於西北及西南這兩個廣大地區的鐵路史研究,則尚付諸闕如。所以 ,探討這條橫亙中原與西北之間的隴海鐵路,遂成為筆者研究目的之所在 。隴海鐵路的興築,耗費了鉅大的經費,這筆龐大的資金,究竟從何而來 ?它的興築,耗時甚久,其間面臨的困難與問題,究竟為何?另外,它的 營運成績表現,是優?是劣?這些均為本文所要試圖解答的問題,也是筆 者研究這一題目的最大動機。本文內容除第一章〈緒論〉、第六章〈結論 〉以外,共分為四章:第二章〈清末民初的財政狀況〉,我國的鐵路建設 ,大多起始於清末民初時期,而從事這項極具現代化的交通建設,需要投 住一筆很大的資金。然此一時期的中國財政,受限於先天條件上的貧乏, 以及面臨外患賠款、內亂軍費支出、鴉片流毒等種種艱困的情境,當時的 中國財政確實是頗感拮据。第三章〈隴海鐵路的資金來源〉,沿續第二章 的論述,探討主政者如何竭心費力,在經濟困頓、財政拮据的難難情境下 ,籌得龐大資金,以充交通建設之用。當時中國正在修築的各鐵路,十之 八九均須借用外債以充修築之資金,而隴海鐵路尤為顯著。於是,這些籌 措經費的過程,乃成為歷史研究的一項重要課題。第四章〈築路經過與歸 併過程〉,筆者針對有關隴海鐵路興築的各種問題,作了詳細的探討。包 括自一八九九年倡議修築隴海鐵路的言論首度出現,旋於一九0三年開始 動工,至一九四五年築路到天水段止,全線漫長的修築過程;以及修築期 間所遇到的各項工程困難等等,均是本章探討的重點。第五章〈隴海路營 運狀況分析〉,鐵路在交通上的價值,由營運成績的表現,最能看出其貢 獻程度。本章透過各種統計數據的資料,試圖對隴海鐵路在營運方面的表 現,分析其優劣狀況。另外,對隴海鐵路運價演變的情形,亦稍為述及。 鐵路運價對於貨物價格之高低、輸出入貿易之盛哀、以及工商業之發展等 ,均有密切之關係。因此,有關於運價之沿革,乃為研究鐵路重要之一環 。
129

Anis of Dolma Ling: Buddhist Doctrine and Social Praxis Through the Monasticism of Tibetan Nuns in Exile

Mann, Amy L. 24 April 2009 (has links)
The figure of the Tibetan Buddhist nun as a female monastic is situated within a matrix of complexities and contradictions that are constituted by textual and doctrinal sources, Tibetan social views on gender and female monasticism, and experiential realities. In order to understand the situation of nuns, one first must understand that monasticism, mainly the order of monks, has been a highly respected and financially supported institution in Tibetan society for centuries. However, because the histories of Tibetan nuns and female renunciants have gone primarily undocumented, their lineages and stories are much more opaque than those of Tibetan monks. Therefore, most of the scholarship on female Buddhist practitioners, with the exception of a few extraordinary yoginis, dates after the Chinese occupation of Tibet in the 1950s. Historically it is believed that there were a few great nunneries that existed centuries ago, but the majority of Tibetan nunneries have been smaller and lacking in the lay support and funding granted to monasteries. Currently, however, the landscape of Tibetan nuns is beginning to shift, as new resources and educational opportunities are beginning to be made available for Tibetan nuns in exile. It is on these nuns and nunneries in exile that this thesis will focus.
130

A Study on Zhu He-Ling's "Explanatory Notes of the Poetry Collection of Li Yi-Shan"

Hsieh, Tsung-jung 21 July 2012 (has links)
Among those who interpreted the poetry of Li Shang-Yin in the early Qing Dynasty, Zhu He-Ling was the one that took the lead. He interpreted the poetry of Li Shang-Yin on Qian Qian-Yi¡¦s instructions. It was a time of dynasty changes and literary inquisition, similar to the late Tang Dynasty. The poetry of Li Shang-Yin, poet of the late Tang, was ambiguous and obscure, which provided an opportunity for Zhu who was in the same situation as Li-Shang-Yin to display his commentary ability. Zhu adopted the method of ¡§zhi ren lun shi¡¨ to interpret Li¡¦s poems, which is a method of understanding a person by researching the historical background. After ¡§Explanatory Notes of the Poetry Collection of Li Yi-Shan¡¨ was published, it evoked resonance among readers. Therefore, it is now an important book for studying Li¡¦s poems. If the process of how Zhu finished the book could be understood and the essence and features of the book could be outlined and summarized, it would be beneficial for researching the poet Li Shang-Yin and his poems. This dissertation is composed of five chapters. The first chapter- introduction- contains the purpose and method of the study. The life and characteristics of Zhu and the gist of ¡§Explanatory Notes of the Poetry Collection of Li Yi-Shan¡¨ were also introduced. The second chapter-the historical background of Zhu He-ling¡¦s interpretation of Li Yi-Shan¡¦s poems-indicates that the author wrote and developed the concept of shishi (¸Ö¥v) and bixin (¤ñ¿³) under the influence of the political and social environment and the academic atmosphere at that time. This chapter also discusses the process of how Zhu finished the book and compares the differences in different versions in order to highlight the outcomes of Zhu¡¦s studies. In chapter three-the style and structure of ¡§Explanatory notes of the poetry collection of Li-Yi-Shan¡¨- the style and structure of the explanation, interpretation and quotation in the book were analyzed. By doing this, Zhu¡¦s devotion to interpreting Li¡¦s poems and to preserving predecessors¡¦ works could be easily seen. Chapter four-the contribution and defect of ¡§Explanatory notes of the poetry collection of Li-Yi-Shan¡¨-depicts the contribution and defect of the book for those who study Li Shang-Yin¡¦s poems. Chapter five-conclusion- summarizes the main ideas from chapter two to four in the hope that the whole picture of ¡§Explanatory notes of the poetry collection of Li-Yi-Shan¡¨ could be understood.

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