On introduit le concept d'une variété aléatoire stationnaire avec l'objectif de traiter de façon unifiée les résultats sur les variétés avec un group d'isométries transitif, les variétés avec quotient compact, et les feuilles génériques d'un feuilletage compact. On démontre des inégalités entre la vitesse de fuite, l'entropie du mouvement brownien et la croissance de volume de la variété aléatoire, en généralisant des résultats d'Avez, Kaimanovich, et Ledrappier. Dans la deuxième partie on démontre que la fonction feuille d'un feuilletage compact est semicontinue, en obtenant comme conséquences le théorème de stabilité local de Reeb, une partie du théorème de structure local pour les feuilletages à feuilles compactes d'Epstein, et un théorème de continuité d'Álvarez et Candel.

Orientador: Edson Denis Leonel / Banca: Ricardo Egydio de Carvalho / Banca: Tiago Kroetz / Resumo: Neste trabalho estudamos dois bilhares com fronteira móvel cuja perturbação temporal é dada por um oscilador van der Pol. Estudamos um bilhar unidimensional e outro bidimensional na qual uma ou mais partículas clássicas de massa m não interagentes são confinadas ao interior da fronteira que define o bilhar. Investigando algumas propriedades dinâmicas e estatísticas da partícula em função do parâmetro X que controla o termo não linear e o parâmetro y0 que controla a amplitude do oscilador de van der Pol. O bilhar unidimensional consiste em duas paredes rígidas, em que uma delas é móvel centrada na origem regida pelo oscilador de van der Pol e a outra xa em L. Descrevemos todos os procedimentos para construção do mapeamento que fornece a dinâmica da partícula, assim como as equações necessárias que defnem o movimento da parede móvel. O espaço de fases, o expoente de Lyapunov e a velocidade média são obtidos para diferentes valores de parâmetros de controle. Para o caso em que massa da partícula (mp) é muito menor que a massa da parede móvel (mw), m = mp=mw ' 0, podemos dividir o regime dinâmico em função do parâmetro c em dois tipos: (i) que recupera os resultados do modelo Fermi- Ulam; e (ii) no qual é observado um regime de crescimento da velocidade média nal. Para o caso em que m 6= 0, as colisões da partícula com a parede móvel perturbam o movimento da parede móvel e o sistema se torna dissipativo. Neste caso a dinâmica da partícula tende a pontos xos de forma assintótica passando por um transiente inicial. Para este caso construímos a bacia de atração e a frequência do número de períodos de um conjunto de condições iniciais. Para o bilhar bidimensional, construímos um modelo em que a fronteira é do tipo ovoide, analisamos o caso estático e o móvel regida pelo oscilador de van der Pol... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Some dynamical properties for an ensemble of non-interacting particles con ned in a billiard with a time-dependent boundary are studied. The boundary is given by van der Pol oscillator and two cases are considered namely: (i) one-dimensional and (ii) twodimensional dynamics. For the one-dimensional case, we considered the dynamics of classical particle of mass m con ned to bounce between two rigid walls. One of them is xed at a distance L from the average position of the rst that uctuates according to a van der Pol oscillator. We consider the case where the mass of the particle is su ciently small as compared to the mass of the moving wall. Then we investigate some properties of the phase space including the average velocity of the particle. Our results reveal a scaling invariance for the nal average velocity, i.e., when n!¥. We discuss also the case when the mass of the particle is a fraction of the mass of the moving wall therefore showing the system now shows features of dissipative model. This is characterized speci cally by the presence of attractors in the phase space. For the two-dimensional case, we considered the dynamics of a classical particle of mass m where the particle is con ned to bounce inside a billiard whose boundary is of ellipticaloval like shape. First we analyze the static case. Second we consider the case where the boundary moves according to a van der Pol oscillator. We discuss the model in a similar way as made for the 1-D case including very small mass of the particle (m = 0) and m 6= 0. Dynamical properties for the particle were obtained like the behavior of the average velocity therefore demonstrating that unlimited energy gain is in course, as predicted by the LRA conjecture For the case of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This thesis studies the geometry of objects from 2-dimensional statistical physics in the continuum. Chapter 1 is an introduction to Schramm-Loewner evolutions (SLE). SLEs are the canonical family of non-self-intersecting, conformally invariant random curves with a domain-Markov property. The family is indexed by a parameter, usually denoted by κ, which controls the regularity of the curve. We give the definition of the SLEκ process, and summarise the proofs of some of its properties. We give particular attention to the Rohde-Schramm theorem which, in broad terms, tells us that an SLEκ is a curve. In Chapter 2 we introduce the Gaussian free field (GFF), a conformally invariant random surface with a domain-Markov property. We explain how to couple the GFF and an SLEκ process, in particular how a GFF can be unzipped along a reverse SLEκ to produce another GFF. We also look at how the GFF is used to define Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surfaces, and how thick points of the GFF relate to the quantum gravity measure. Chapter 3 introduces a diffusion on LQG surfaces, the Liouville Brownian motion (LBM). The main goal of the chapter is to complete an estimate given by N. Berestycki, which gives an upper bound for the Hausdor dimension of times that a γ-LBM spends in α-thick points for γ, α ∈ [0, 2). We prove the corresponding, tight, lower bound. In Chapter 4 we give a new proof of the Rohde-Schramm theorem (which tells us that an SLEκ is a curve), which is valid for all values of κ except κ = 8. Our proof uses the coupling of the reverse SLEκ with the free boundary GFF to bound the derivative of the inverse of the Loewner flow close to the origin. Our knowledge of the structure of the GFF lets us find bounds which are tight enough to ensure continuity of the SLEκ trace.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:12:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 botari_t_me_rcla.pdf: 1184185 bytes, checksum: 8ca4a5b0e289b60ba95cbdc707d3ebe4 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Neste trabalho estudamos dois bilhares com fronteira móvel cuja perturbação temporal é dada por um oscilador van der Pol. Estudamos um bilhar unidimensional e outro bidimensional na qual uma ou mais partículas clássicas de massa m não interagentes são confnadas ao interior da fronteira que defne o bilhar. Investigando algumas propriedades dinâmicas e estatísticas da partícula em função do parâmetro X que controla o termo não linear e o parâmetro y0 que controla a amplitude do oscilador de van der Pol. O bilhar unidimensional consiste em duas paredes rígidas, em que uma delas é móvel centrada na origem regida pelo oscilador de van der Pol e a outra xa em L. Descrevemos todos os procedimentos para construção do mapeamento que fornece a dinâmica da partícula, assim como as equações necessárias que defnem o movimento da parede móvel. O espaço de fases, o expoente de Lyapunov e a velocidade média são obtidos para diferentes valores de parâmetros de controle. Para o caso em que massa da partícula (mp) é muito menor que a massa da parede móvel (mw), m = mp=mw ' 0, podemos dividir o regime dinâmico em função do parâmetro c em dois tipos: (i) que recupera os resultados do modelo Fermi- Ulam; e (ii) no qual é observado um regime de crescimento da velocidade média nal. Para o caso em que m 6= 0, as colisões da partícula com a parede móvel perturbam o movimento da parede móvel e o sistema se torna dissipativo. Neste caso a dinâmica da partícula tende a pontos xos de forma assintótica passando por um transiente inicial. Para este caso construímos a bacia de atração e a frequência do número de períodos de um conjunto de condições iniciais. Para o bilhar bidimensional, construímos um modelo em que a fronteira é do tipo ovoide, analisamos o caso estático e o móvel regida pelo oscilador de van der Pol... / Some dynamical properties for an ensemble of non-interacting particles con ned in a billiard with a time-dependent boundary are studied. The boundary is given by van der Pol oscillator and two cases are considered namely: (i) one-dimensional and (ii) twodimensional dynamics. For the one-dimensional case, we considered the dynamics of classical particle of mass m con ned to bounce between two rigid walls. One of them is xed at a distance L from the average position of the rst that uctuates according to a van der Pol oscillator. We consider the case where the mass of the particle is su ciently small as compared to the mass of the moving wall. Then we investigate some properties of the phase space including the average velocity of the particle. Our results reveal a scaling invariance for the nal average velocity, i.e., when n!¥. We discuss also the case when the mass of the particle is a fraction of the mass of the moving wall therefore showing the system now shows features of dissipative model. This is characterized speci cally by the presence of attractors in the phase space. For the two-dimensional case, we considered the dynamics of a classical particle of mass m where the particle is con ned to bounce inside a billiard whose boundary is of ellipticaloval like shape. First we analyze the static case. Second we consider the case where the boundary moves according to a van der Pol oscillator. We discuss the model in a similar way as made for the 1-D case including very small mass of the particle (m = 0) and m 6= 0. Dynamical properties for the particle were obtained like the behavior of the average velocity therefore demonstrating that unlimited energy gain is in course, as predicted by the LRA conjecture For the case of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:57:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000755801.pdf: 1498292 bytes, checksum: db6c48b5f929bebfc7d39241139fbd52 (MD5) / Neste trabalho são analisadas as equaçoes de Dirac r Klein-Gordon com a estrutura de Lorentz mais geral para potenciais externos em 3 + 1 dimensões de espaço-tempo e correspondentes limites não relativisticos para o potencial eletromagnético, obtendo-se as equaçoes de Pauli para partículas de spin 1/2 e de Schrödinger para partículas de spin 0, respectivamente. Ainda na equação de Dirac em 1+1 dimensões s]ao discutidas as transformações: conjugação de carga, transformação quiral e transformação quiral contínua. Esta última transformação juntamente com a criação de um vínculo entre os potenciis escalar e vetorial permitiram desacoplar e mapear as soluções do componente superior do espinor de Rirac sob a perspectiva de um problema de Sturm-Liouville. O problema intrinsicamente relativístico de férmions massivos e não massivos em 1+1 dimensões sujeitos a potenciais degrau abrupto e degrau suave é considerado com uma mistura vetorial e escalar na estrutura de Lorentz com o acoplamento escalar maior ou igual ao acoplamento vetorial... / In this work we analyze the equations of Dirac and Klein-Gordon with the more general Lorentz structure for external potential in 3+1 dimensions of space-time and the corresponding non-relativistic limits for the electromagnetic potential, which was obtained the equations of Pauli for spin 1/2 particles and Schrondinger to spin 0 particles, respectively. Also in the Dirac equation in 1+1 dimension is discussed the transformation; charge-conjugation, chiral-conjugation and continuos chiral transformation. This last transformaton plus create of a link in scalar and vector potential enabling to decouple and mapping the solutions of the upper and lower parts of the Dirac spinor in a Sturm-Liouville perpective. The intrisically relativistic problem for massive or massless fermions in 1+1 dimension subject tu abrupt step and smooth step potential is considered with a mixing of vector coupling. In the Sturm-Liouville perspective ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by VALTERLAN ATANASIO DE SOUZA null (souza_valterlan5@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-05T03:17:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação (Mestrado) Valterlan Atanasio de Souza.pdf: 1124237 bytes, checksum: 392daeb928359174a19697f87b1ba653 (MD5) / Rejected by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo a orientação abaixo: O arquivo submetido não contém o certificado de aprovação. Corrija esta informação e realize uma nova submissão com o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2017-01-09T16:49:06Z (GMT) / Submitted by VALTERLAN ATANASIO DE SOUZA null (souza_valterlan5@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-09T17:14:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação (Mestrado) Valterlan Atanasio de Souza.pdf: 1124237 bytes, checksum: 392daeb928359174a19697f87b1ba653 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-01-10T19:23:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_va_me_rcla.pdf: 1124237 bytes, checksum: 392daeb928359174a19697f87b1ba653 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-10T19:23:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_va_me_rcla.pdf: 1124237 bytes, checksum: 392daeb928359174a19697f87b1ba653 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-12 / Este texto aborda os principais resultados sobre a Teoria de Sturm-Liouville assim como os pré-requisitos necessários para construí-los, entre eles o Teorema Espectral para Operadores Compactos e a Teoria de Fredholm. Também são apresentados alguns exemplos e uma aplicação envolvendo uma equação diferencial parcial que modela o problema da corda vibrante. / This research approaches the main results on the Sturm-Liouville Theory, as well the necessary prerequisites for constructing them, including the Spectral Theorem for Compact Operators and Fredholm Theory. It is also presented some examples and an application involving a partial differential equation that models the vibrating string problem.

Orientador: Antonio Soares de Castro / Banca: Marcelo Batista Hott / Banca: Luis Rafael Benito Castro / Resumo : Neste trabalho são analisadas as equaçoes de Dirac r Klein-Gordon com a estrutura de Lorentz mais geral para potenciais externos em 3 + 1 dimensões de espaço-tempo e correspondentes limites não relativisticos para o potencial eletromagnético, obtendo-se as equaçoes de Pauli para partículas de spin 1/2 e de Schrödinger para partículas de spin 0, respectivamente. Ainda na equação de Dirac em 1+1 dimensões s]ao discutidas as transformações: conjugação de carga, transformação quiral e transformação quiral contínua. Esta última transformação juntamente com a criação de um vínculo entre os potenciis escalar e vetorial permitiram desacoplar e mapear as soluções do componente superior do espinor de Rirac sob a perspectiva de um problema de Sturm-Liouville. O problema intrinsicamente relativístico de férmions massivos e não massivos em 1+1 dimensões sujeitos a potenciais degrau abrupto e degrau suave é considerado com uma mistura vetorial e escalar na estrutura de Lorentz com o acoplamento escalar maior ou igual ao acoplamento vetorial ... ( Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In this work we analyze the equations of Dirac and Klein-Gordon with the more general Lorentz structure for external potential in 3+1 dimensions of space-time and the corresponding non-relativistic limits for the electromagnetic potential, which was obtained the equations of Pauli for spin 1/2 particles and Schrondinger to spin 0 particles, respectively. Also in the Dirac equation in 1+1 dimension is discussed the transformation; charge-conjugation, chiral-conjugation and continuos chiral transformation. This last transformaton plus create of a link in scalar and vector potential enabling to decouple and mapping the solutions of the upper and lower parts of the Dirac spinor in a Sturm-Liouville perpective. The intrisically relativistic problem for massive or massless fermions in 1+1 dimension subject tu abrupt step and smooth step potential is considered with a mixing of vector coupling. In the Sturm-Liouville perspective ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

No description available.

We derive two hierarchies of 1+1 dimensional soliton-type integrable systems from two spectral problems associated with the Lie algebra of the special orthogonal Lie group SO(3,R). By using the trace identity, we formulate Hamiltonian structures for the resulting equations. Further, we show that each of these equations can be written in Hamiltonian form in two distinct ways, leading to the integrability of the equations in the sense of Liouville. We also present finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems by means of symmetry constraints and discuss their integrability based on the existence of sufficiently many integrals of motion.

Nous étudions les conséquences cosmologiques des anomalies de Weyl qui émergent de la renormalisation des opérateurs composés des champs, y compris la métrique. Ces anomalies sont codifiées dans les habillements gravitationnels des opérateurs dans une action effective quantique non-locale. Nous obtenons les équations d'évolution qui découlent de cette action et nous en cherchons des solutions cosmologiques. Par simplicité on se limite à la gravité d'Einstein-Hilbert avec une constante cosmologique. Nous initions par considérer la gravité en deux dimensions, où la théorie de Liouville nous permet de calculer l'habillement gravitationnel de la constant cosmologique. Avec une formulation invariante de Weyl, nous déterminons l'action effective et le tenseur de moment correspondant, qui deviennent non-locaux. Les anomalies de Weyl modifient le tenseur entier, pas seulement sa trace, et nous trouvons une énergie du vide qui décline avec le temps et un ralentissement de l'expansion de de Sitter à une de quasi-de Sitter. En quatre dimensions, motivés par nos résultats en deux dimensions, nous paramétrisons l'action effective avec des habillements gravitationnels générales. Dans le cas des dimensions anormales constantes, le tenseur de moment conduit encore à une énergie du vide qui décline et une expansion de quasi-de Sitter de roulement lent. Les dimensions anormales sont calculables à priori dans une certaine théorie microscopique avec des méthodes semi-classiques. Même si les dimensions anormales sont petites en théorie des perturbations, leur contribution intégrée le long des plusieurs e-folds pourrait mener à des effets significatifs pendant la cosmologie primordiale. / In this thesis we study the cosmological consequences of Weyl anomalies arising from the renormalization of composite operators of the fundamental fields, including the metric. These anomalies are encoded in the gravitational dressings of the operators in a non-local quantum effective action. We derive the evolution equations that follow from this action and look for cosmological solutions. For simplicity, we focus on Einstein-Hilbert gravity with a cosmological constant. We first consider two-dimensional gravity, where Liouville theory allows us to compute the gravitational dressing of the cosmological constant operator. Using a Weyl-invariant formulation, we determine the gauge-invariant but non-local effective action, and compute the corresponding non-local momentum tensor. The Weyl anomalies modify the full quantum momentum tensor, not only its trace, and hence lead to interesting effects in the cosmological dynamics. In particular, we find a decaying vacuum energy and a slow-down of the de Sitter expansion. In four dimensions, motivated by our results in two dimensions, we parametrize the effective action with scale-dependent gravitational dressings, and compute the general evolution equations. In the approximation of constant anomalous dimensions, the momentum tensor leads to a decaying vacuum energy and a slow-roll quasi-de Sitter expansion, just as in two dimensions. The anomalous dimensions are in principle computable in a given microscopic theory using semiclassical methods. Even though the anomalous dimensions are small in perturbation theory, their integrated effect over several e-folds could add up to something significant during primordial cosmology.