O objetivo geral desta dissertação é identificar, analisar os problemas enfrentados pelo Centro de Documentação (CEDOC) do LIT/INPE e propor a realização de um diagnóstico para identificar as melhorias e políticas necessárias à implantação de um Procedimento Técnico de Processos Arquivísticos e de um Manual de Gestão Documental para o aperfeiçoamento do CEDOC. A metodologia utilizada aborda a técnica de um Estudo de Caso, apoiado no uso de bibliografias específicas das áreas de Arquivologia, Gestão do Conhecimento e Gestão da Informação, bem como na aplicação de questionários, entrevistas, no uso de técnicas comparativas, com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, utilizando técnicas descritivas e exploratórias, para facilitar a busca de soluções para seu processo de gestão documental. Como resultado, foi obtido um mapa do Estado Atual do CEDOC, que permitiu a identificação de possíveis soluções para o Centro, com o preparo de um Mapa do Estado Futuro proposto para o CEDOC, com sugestões e melhorias para o Centro. / The overall objectives of this dissertation was to identify and analyze the problems faced by the Documentation Center (CEDOC) of LIT/INPE and to propose and carry out a diagnostic process to identify improvements and policies for the necessary implementation of an Archival Process Technical Procedure and a Documental Management Manual for CEDOC. This work was based in a Case Study technique, supported by specific bibliographies related to archival science, knowledge and information management and researching by questionnaires and interviews applied to the CEDOC users. The used methodology was comparative techniques with qualitative and quantitative approaching, as well as descriptive and exploratory techniques that facilitated the search for solutions for the CEDOCs documental management. As a result, it was obtained a CEDOCs Actual Status, that allowed to identify possible solutions for the Center, with the proposal of a Future Status Map for CEDOC with improvement suggestions for the Center.

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Despite a large influx of Guatemalans to cities such as Los Angeles and Washington, D.C., their narrative has largely been subsumed in the traditional Latino/a immigrant narrative. The importance of the historical specificity and traumatic nature of Guatemalan immigration, as a consequence of the Central American revolutions, has only now begun to be studied by scholars such as Arturo Arias and Claudia Milian, though the field of Latino/a studies is still largely focused on immigrants from Mexico, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Thus, through an examination of two novels by Guatemalan-American authors, Héctor Tobar’s The Tattooed Soldier (1998/2000) and Tanya Maria Barrientos’ Family Resemblance (2003), I compare how each novel differently positions Guatemalan diasporic identity around traumas surrounding the Guatemalan civil war and diaspora. Ultimately, I argue that Tobar establishes Guatemalan diasporic fiction as a kind of refugee literature, while Barrientos attempts to fit the Guatemalan diasporic narrative into a traditional Latino/a immigrant narrative using the genre of chica lit, thus flattening out the unique historical experience of the Guatemalan civil war while also highlighting the constraints of the chica lit genre for Central American-American women writers. / text

This dissertation examines the anxieties that the contemporary genre of women’s fiction known as "chick lit" expresses about female sexuality, women and work, and the relationship between female identity and the global consumer marketplace. Furthermore, this project argues that chick lit can be productively traced to male-authored canonical texts that establish tropes and themes that chick lit novelists still grapple with at the turn of the twenty-first century. Chick lit heroines have benefitted from feminist progress, but they frequently participate in a backlash against the advances that empower them to pursue sexual pleasure outside marriage, find fulfilling careers, and challenge constructions of identity. Chapter 1 examines scholarship on constructions of gender and sexuality, affect theory, and Marxist theories. It also explores historical context through critiques of popular women writers. Chapter 2 argues that Samuel Richardson’s Pamela (1740) establishes the first-person confessional narrative voice and a sexualized secondary female character who is punished for her non-normative sexuality. Helen Fielding’s Bridget Jones’s Diary (1996) and Lauren Weisberger’s The Devil Wears Prada (2003) demonstrate that female sexuality must still be negotiated and contained in postfeminist culture. Chapter 3 explores how work contributes to female agency in literature. Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie (1900) depicts a heroine who successfully manages her gender, race, and class performances in order to thrive in an urban space, while Kate Reddy, from Allison Pearson’s I Don’t Know How She Does It (2002), must pass as a non-mother in order to participate in the affective economies that prevail in the gendered workplace. Chapter 4 analyzes the role of consumer culture in female subject formation in a capitalist material culture. In Truman Capote’s Breakfast at Tiffany’s (1958) and Blake Edwards’s film version (1961), heroine Holly Golightly’s proximity to the luxury retailer legitimates her identity. But in Sophie Kinsella’s Confessions of a Shopaholic (2000), heroine Becky Bloomwood struggles against a shopping addiction and strives to define herself outside of the discourse of consumerism. Overall, this dissertation provides an important contribution to the conversation on women’s writing and contemporary identity formation because it addresses literary criticism, contemporary culture, and constructions of female subjectivity.

As an emerging field, lipidomics still encounters methodological challenges. Indeed, as it is an –omics field, analysis of data is time and labour intensive, if the necessary and appropriate bioinformatics tools are not existent. Here I present two programs I developed to address the challenges of peak identification and peak annotation and filtering for a targeted lipidomics approach, which is not supported by available software. The first program, Lipid Identification Tool (LIT), consists of a stand-alone offline search engine, which provides a robust in silico database generated by linear equations based on lipid structures, containing information lacking on presently available online databases. The second program, Lipid Identification for Targeted Lipidomics (LITL), allows the annotation of HPLC-ESI-MS/MS MRM acquired spectral data in text-based format, comparing them to a library of identities, via retention time and mass-over-charge of detected ions, and to easily export the results to a statistical analysis software. // La lipidomique est un jeune domaine encore proie à des défis quant à sa méthodologie. En effet, l’analyse de données en lipidomique demeurera longue et ardue, tant que des outils bioinformatiques appropriés ne sont pas créés. Je décris ici deux de mes programmes développés pour remédier aux défis d’identification de pics et d’annotations et de sélection de pics provenant d’une approche lipidomique dénommée ciblée, données présentement incompatibles avec d’autres programmes. Lipid Identification Tool (LIT) est un moteur de recherche hors-ligne possédant une robuste base de données in silico générée mathématiquement, et contenant des informations sur des espèces lipidiques non décrites dans les bases de données disponibles. Lipid Identification for Targeted Lipidomics (LITL) permet l’annotation de données provenant de méthodes HPLC-ESI-MS/MS MRM, en comparant leur temps de rétention ainsi que leur rapport masse-sur-charge à une bibliothèque d’identités lipidiques, et permet de les exporter facilement vers un logiciel d’analyse statistique.

Thesis advisor: Elizabeth K. Wallace / This thesis uses a cultural studies approach to study the contemporary "chick lit" genre. These novels written by women, for women may be dismissed as frivolous, but their immense popularity proves that they have tapped into a cultural tension. Their target readers are young women who have grown up in a post-feminist revolution society and face unique issues unknown to any other generation of women. Blending feminist, Marxist, and formalist theories, this thesis attempts to discover how this genre functions in contemporary society – what does it do to its readers? While trying to respect the readers at all times, this thesis will discuss the failure of the genre to provide a new space for women to escape to. The conclusion discusses the potential of chick lit to do more; the genre has captured a "zeitgeist" among young women and its popularity reaches a wide audience. In the future, chick lit could serve as a genre that discusses women's issues, prompting its readers to question gender roles, consumerism, and the global status of women. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2006. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: English. / Discipline: College Honors Program.

The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to examine how the gender system is described in chick lit. The analysis is based upon seven chick lit novels. The primary theoretical point of departure is Yvonne Hirdman’s theory about the gender system, the hierarchical order and the separation of the sexes. Also Carin Holmberg’s theory about how gender is constructed and the asymmetrical role taking among young couples and Anna G. Jónasdóttir’s theory about the distribution of love power in relationships are part of the theoretical framework. The method used is a textual analysis. A model of analysis has been constructed based on the theoretical points of departure mentioned above. The themes of the model are the separation of the sexes, the creation and maintenance of the gender system and the asymmetrical role taking. The result shows that the gender system is very distinct in chick lit, which is shown in particular in the separation of the sexes and how the women’s self-esteem is depending on men’s approval, thus making women subordinate to men. The conclusion is that chick lit describes a traditional gender system where the hierarchical order of the sexes is evident. / Uppsatsnivå: D

Libraries are often associated with positive values such as democracy and equal rights. The contents of the literature on offer should therefore be of great interest to the librarian, the supplier of said literature. The topic of this Master’s thesis is the popular literary genre known as chick lit. The purpose is to investigate the love theme in Swedish chick lit, and how it relates to Anthony Giddens’ theory on love in late modernity. The genre in this instance is represented by Mossvikenfruar: Chansen by Emma Hamberg. The theoretical anchor of the Master’s thesis is sociology of literature, which focuses on the relationship between literature and society. The starting point for the analysis of the love theme is Anthony Giddens’ theory on love and late modernity. A modified version of Shlomit Rimmon-Kenans thematical method is used as an analytical tool. The reality of love is considerably bleaker (albeit humourously described) in Mossvikenfruar: Chansen than in the writings of Giddens. The similarities, however, are great. The novel contains manifestations of ‘plastic sexuality’, set apart from reproduction, and the relationship between the novel’s protagonists can be seen as an example of Giddens’ description of couple-relationship in late modernity. Although the novel ends on a heteronormative, couple-centrered note which can be considered conservative and repressive, it is argued in this Master’s thesis that it must be valued in the light of the following question: “What constitutes an equal society?” a discussion which therefore concludes the study. / Uppsatsnivå: D

Les travaux de simulation menés au cours de cette thèse ont eu pour but de caractériser et de comprendre les phénomènes liés au transfert de chaleur dans des configurations de réseau aléatoire de particules ou de lit fluidisé. Sur la base de simulations numériques résolues à l'échelle des particules, ces configurations d'écoulements diphasiques anisothermes permettent d'extraire des grandeurs physiques locales liées à la microstructure de la suspension ou des informations globales tel que le coefficient de transfert moyen du lit. La première étape des travaux a consisté en la vali- dation de l'outil numérique autant sur l'hydrodynamique que sur le transfert thermique en passant par différents cas d'études académiques ( convection et conduction autour d'une sphère isolée). Ensuite une analyse détaillée du transfert de chaleur est conduite sur des lits fixes pour différentes fractions volumiques de particules, plusieurs nombres de Reynolds et de Prandtl afin d'aboutir à une modélisation macroscopique du flux de chaleur. Sur les configurations de lit fluidisé, les paramètres de simulation ont été variés afin d'étudier la sensibilité des différentes grandeurs hydrodynamiques à la résolution du maillage. Ceci a permis de déterminer les configurations de simulations de lit fluidisé liquide-solide anisotherme pour un coût de calcul modéré. Enfin, une analyse comparative du transfert thermique entre lits fixes et lits fluidisés a mis en évidence les spécificités liées à l'agitation des particules sur le transfert. Ces études ont été conduites dans le but d'obtenir une meilleure modélisation mésoscopique des échanges thermiques dans les écoulements diphasiques et ainsi améliorer leur modélisation à l'échelle macroscopique. / To better characterize and understand heat transfer in fixed and fluidized beds of particles, numerical studies have been carried out in this work. Based on fully Particle Resolved Numerical Simulation (PR-DNS) local and instantaneous informations have been obtained at microscopic scale and further analyzed at macroscopic scale by means of volume and time averages. The first step consisted in a thorough validation of the numerical code on academic configurations (conduction and convection around a single particle). Then, an analysis in arrays of random fixed particles was carried out for several particle volume fractions, Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. From this analysis, the solid-fluid heat transfer was investigated at macroscopic scale and a closure model for the pseudo-turbulent heat flux was proposed. Finally, fluidized bed simulations were performed. These simulations needed a preliminary numerical study in order to select appropriate numerical parameters for accurately reproducing the fluidization with a moderate computational cost. Furthermore, a comparative study of the heat transfer in fixed and fluidized beds was carried out. The entire study aimed at improving the understanding of the heat transfer in particulate flows and dense regimes, in order to provide information for the modeling at macroscopic scale.