Bakgrund: Hjärtsvikt kan vara ett påfrestande tillstånd och är vanligt bland den äldre befolkningen. Behandlingen består utöver medicinska åtgärder till stor del av egenvård för den drabbade. Personen måste därför ta mycket eget ansvar, vara väl informerad och ha bra stöd ifrån vården, vilket kräver att vården måste vara personcentrerad. Syfte: Att ur ett patientperspektiv beskriva upplevelsen av att leva med hjärtsvikt och hur det påverkar livskvaliteten. Metod: En Litteraturöversikt med litteratur hämtad från databaserna CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO och Web of Science. Resultat: Personerna med hjärtsvikt upplevde många olika besvär, både fysiska, psykiska och sociala som påverkade deras dagliga liv i olika omfattning. Situationen gick att lära sig leva med och det var möjligt att uppleva livskvalitet. Många ville lära sig mer men en del var inte medvetna om att de hade hjärtsvikt.. Slutsats: Livet med hjärtsvikt kan innebära stora påfrestningar och påtvingade förändringar både fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt. Men det finns möjlighet att leva ett tillfredsställande liv och känna god livskvalitet. Kontakten med sjukvården är både en tillgång såväl som en källa till frustration. Upplevelserna bör beaktas för att sjuksköterskan ska kunna ge både vård och stöd som är individanpassad och som främjar personens egna resurser samt egenvårdsförmåga. / Background: Heart failure can be a trying and distressing condition, common among the elderly population. Apart from the medical measures, treatment involves a lot of self-care. Healthcare professionals need to provide education and support, since this involves the patient taking a great deal of personal responsibility. With this in mind, healthcare needs to be person-centered. Aim: To describe, from a patients’ perspective, the experience of living with heart failure and how it affects quality of life. Method: A literary review, with studies collected from databases CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Results: The findings show that people with heart failure experienced many different issues, physical, social and mental, which had an impact on their daily life. Despite this, it was possible to come to terms with the situation and experience quality of life. The will to learn more about the condition was common although many were not aware of their diagnosis. Conclusion: Living with heart failure can be trying and mean forced alterations to physical, mental and social aspects of life. However, it is possible to live a satisfying life and experience good quality of life. Having access to healthcare is both an asset as well as a source of frustration. Nurses need to be aware of these experiences in order to be able to provide patient-centered care and support the patient’s resources and self-care abilities.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 mendes_a_me_assis.pdf: 5145361 bytes, checksum: 577864fe3d11c5df13122e0f0b1e1d49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo tecer um panorama das obras de ficção portuguesa contemporânea recenseadas pela revista Colóquio Letras, a qual vem abrigando o que de melhor a crítica literária tem produzido, com o intuito de identificar o pensamento crítico desde anos 70, por meio das resenhas de ficção presentes na seção “Recensões Críticas” (romances, novelas, contos e crônicas) deste periódico entre os anos de 1971 e 2013. Também visa: a) à utilização desse corpus como fonte de pesquisa para a literatura portuguesa contemporânea; b) à divulgação de obras de ficção portuguesa contemporânea; c) à análise do perfil do periódico aproximando-o do momento político-histórico correspondente em Portugal, visto que o nascimento da revista (1971) ocorreu em uma fase delicada pela qual o país passava, pouco depois da morte de António de Oliveira Salazar (27/07/1970). Recensões ou resenhas são conceituadas como uma exposição do conteúdo de um texto específico, acrescentada de comentários críticos e interpretativos, os quais discutem, comparam e avaliam as obras com o propósito de divulgação. A justificativa pela escolha da Colóquio Letras se dá por esta ser uma revista de qualidade e credibilidade no que se refere a assuntos literários. A dissertação está estruturada em três capítulos: o primeiro apresenta, descreve e comenta a revista Colóquio Letras, bem como a Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian que a financia e publica durante todos esses anos, contextualizando-a no momento sócio-político português; o segundo é dedicado à resenha (considerações), à seção “Recensões Críticas” e aos resenhistas que mais se destacam dentro dela; o terceiro capítulo, por sua vez, expõe comentários sobre as resenhas de ficção portuguesa contemporânea – temática, editoras, autores das obras. Para a realização deste trabalho foram utilizadas, como apoio bibliográfico, obras que tratam do gênero textual acadêmico resenha e também aquelas que discorrem sobre história da literatura portuguesa contemporânea. Com a conclusão da pesquisa, espera-se ter contribuído para confirmar a seção “Recensões Críticas” do periódico Colóquio Letras como uma importante ferramenta de pesquisa de ficção portuguesa contemporânea. / This dissertation has for objective to give an overview of the contemporary Portuguese fiction books in Colóquio Letras journal, which has been publishing the best literary criticism produced, in order to identify the critical thinking from the 70s, through review fiction present in the "Reviews" section (novels, short stories and chronicles) of this journal between the years 1971 and 2013. The work also aims to: a) the use of this corpus as a source of research for contemporary Portuguese literature; b) the dissemination of works of contemporary Portuguese fiction; c) the analysis of the journal profile approaching the corresponding political and historical moment in Portugal, as the journal's birth (1971) occurred in a delicate phase in which the country was, shortly after the death of António de Oliveira Salazar (07/27/1970). Reviews are conceptualized as a display of the content of a specific text, added critical and interpretive comments, which discuss, compare and evaluate the works for the purpose of disclosure. The reasons for choosing Colóquio Letras is because it is a quality and credibility journal with respect to literary matters. The dissertation is divided into three chapters: the first presents, describes and comments on the Colóquio Letras journal, and the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation that finances and publishes all these years, contextualizing it in the Portuguese social and political moment; the second chapter is dedicated to the academic gender _ review _ (considerations), the "Reviews" section and the reviewers that stand out within it; the third chapter, in turn, exposes comments on the contemporary Portuguese fiction reviews - themed, publishers, authors of works. For this dissertation were used as bibliographic support, works dealing with the academic genre review and also those who tells about the history of contemporary Portuguese literature. With the conclusion of the research, it is expected to contributed to confirm the "Reviews" section of the Colóquio Letras journal an important research literary tool to study contemporary Portuguese fiction. / FAPESP: 2013/19828-9

Bakgrund: Anhöriga kan uppleva att stödet från sjuksköterskor vid vård i livets slutskede brister. Situationen kring vården i livets slutskede kan vara obekant och i vissa fall skrämmande för de anhöriga och de kan känna sig överväldigade och inte rustade för de känslor som uppkommer samt de beslut som måste fattas. Syfte: Att skapa en översikt av sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att bemöta anhöriga i samband med vård i livets slutskede. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt. Elva artiklar analyserades utifrån syfte, metod och resultat. I arbetets resultat ingick sex artiklar med kvalitativ metod, fyra med kvantitativ metod och en artikel med mixad metod. Resultat: Tre teman identifierades: Utmaningen att möta anhöriga, Att känna trygghet i att bemöta anhöriga och Anhöriga är viktiga. Att bemöta anhöriga i samband med vård i livets slutskede upplevdes många gånger svårt och emotionellt betungande. När sjuksköterskorna skapade en relation till de anhöriga underlättades vården och omsorgen om patienten. Anhöriga hade en central roll vid vården i livets slutskede. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter visar att bemötande av anhöriga i samband med vård i livets slutskede kan vara utmanande men är en viktig och central del i vården och omsorgen om den döende patienten. / Background: Relatives can feel that the support from nurses in end-of-life care is lacking. The situation regarding palliative care can be unknown territory and, in some cases, frightening for the relatives and they may feel overwhelmed and unequipped for the feelings that arise and the decisions that must be made. Aim: The purpose of this review was to create an overview of nurses’ experiences of interacting with relatives in conjuction with end-of-life care. Method: A general literary review. Eleven articles where analyzed based on purpose, method, and results. The review included six qualitative articles, four quantitative articles and one article with mixed method. Result: Three themes were identified: The challenge of interacting with relatives, Feeling secure in their interacting with relatives and Relatives are important. Dealing with relatives in conjunction with end-of-life care was often experienced as difficult and emotionally burdensome. When the nurses created a relationship with the relatives, the care and nursing of the patient was facilitated. Relatives has a central role in end-of-life care. Conclusion: The nurses’ experiences reveal that interacting with relatives in conjunction with end-of-life care can be challenging but has an important and central part in nursing for the dying patient.

Bakgrund: Prostatacancer är den vanligaste cancerformen i Sverige. Tidig diagnostik och fleratillgängliga behandlingsmetoder gör att många kan överleva sin cancersjukdom. Det innebär att dendrabbade kan behöva leva med behandlingsbiverkningar samt andra sviter från sjukdomen en längretid. Studien relaterar till de bärande begreppen kommunikation och personcentrerad vård.Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva mäns erfarenheter och omvårdnadsbehov vid prostatacancer.Metod: En litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats. Tolv kvalitativa originalartiklar analyserades medtematisk analys enligt Braun och Clarkes modell.Resultat: Två teman med två subteman vardera identifierades: Att hantera nya förutsättningar medsubteman hur biverkningar påverkar vardagslivet samt cancerdiagnosens påverkan på livssyn ochsjälvbild. Behovet av stöd under sjukdomsprocessen med subteman Närståendes betydelse samt kontaktenmed vårdpersonal.Slutsats: Män med prostatacancer behöver stöd att hantera fysiska och psykiska biverkningar somuppkommer i samband med sjukdom och behandling och här spelar både hälso- och sjukvårdspersonaloch närstående en viktig roll. Med personcentrerad vård kan god livskvalité upprätthållas genomsjukdomsprocessen. / Background: Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer in Sweden. Early diagnosis andseveral available treatment methods mean that many can survive their cancer, however this means thatthey may have to live with the side effects of treatment and complications from the disease for alonger period of time. The study relates to the basic concepts of communication and person-centeredcare.Aim: The aim is to describe men's experiences and nursing care needs during prostate cancer.Method: A literary review with a qualitative approach. Twelve qualitative original articles wereanalyzed with thematic analysis as described by Braun and Clarke.Results: Two themes with two subthemes each is presented.Conclusion: Men with prostate cancer need support to deal with both physical and psychological sideeffects that come with illness and treatment and here both health care personnel as well as the thepeople surrounding the individual have a significant role. With person-centered care a good quality oflife throughout the healthcare process can be maintained.

Bakgrund: Patienter och närstående upplever ofta rädsla och oro till den kommande döden. De söker därför många gånger efter någon som kan hjälpa och följa patienterna i vårdprocessen. Patienterna upplever att sjuksköterskorna inte har den tid som patienterna önskar. Bemötandet som sjuksköterskorna har med närstående brister vid tillfällen. Syfte: Att studera sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av palliativ vård i livets slut. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt. Tolv artiklar, varav nio kvalitativa, två kvantitativa och en mixad metod, analyserades utifrån syfte, metod och resultat. Resultat: Fyra teman framkom: Kommunikation vid vård i livets slut, Relationer i vårdandet av patienter och närstående, Sjuksköterskornas tidigare erfarenheter och kunskaper samt Emotionell påverkan hos sjuksköterskorna i den palliativa vården. Kommunikation med patienter och närstående erfors ibland som svårt. Genom att upprätthålla en vårdande relation kunde patienterna få en bra sista tid i livet. För att uppnå detta var det viktigt för sjuksköterskorna att ha ett bra samarbete med närstående och annan personal. Slutsats: Att vårda patienter i livet slut är svårt och något som är viktigt för sjuksköterskorna att ha förståelse över, då det sker oberoende av vårdinrättning. För att vara förberedd behöver sjuksköterskorna kompetens och erfarenhet i hur det är att möta patienter i livets slut. / Background: Patients and their close ones often experience anxiety about death. As a result, they are often searching for someone who can help them through the caring process. The experience of the patients is that nurses doesn’t always have time for them. Aim: To study nurses’ experiences of palliative care at end of life. Method: A general literary review. Twelve articles, nine qualitative, two quantitative and one mixed method, where analyzed based on aim, method, and results. Result: Four themes emerged: Communication in care at end of life, Relationships in care with patients and close ones, The nurses’ previous experiences and knowledge and Emotional impact on nurses in the palliative care. Communication with patients and relatives are often experienced as difficult. By maintaining a caring relationship, patients can have a good last time in life. To facilitate this, it is important for the nurse to have good collaboration with relatives and staff. Conclusion: Caring for patients at the end of life is difficult and something that is important for the nurse to understand, regardless of care institution. To be prepared, the nurses need competence and experience in what it is like to meet patients at the end of life.

The diploma thesis "The Poet Sings Poorly. The Media Response to The Song about Viktorka by Jaroslav Seifert in The Fifties of 20th Century" deals with the campaign set against the poet Jaroslav Seifert and his piece "The Song about Viktorka". The affair was raised by the communist weekly magazine "Tvorba". There is a critical historical analysis applied in the diploma thesis. The event is outlined from the wide perspective and also the medial, cultural-political, aesthetical and personality sights are viewed and combined there. It attends to the cultural, political and medial conditions in the turn of the 40s and 50s and it also analyses Seifert's position in this period. It investigates the acceptance of Seifert's poetic skills after the year 1948 and also it describes poet's political profile and his relationship to the communist party. It follows in details by broad circumstances which the critics of Seifert's poem "The Song about Viktorka" provoked and which were extended until the inter-war period. It analyses the reviews of the mentioned Seifert's piece of work, its impact on poet's future life and the cultural area of the beginning of the fifties. The aim of the diploma thesis is to set a comprehensive view of the affair Seifert had to face up with. It can also be used as an example of...

Bakgrund: Våld i nära relation definieras av att begå skadliga handlingar mot en intim partner. Mäns våld mot kvinnor kan leda till omfattande skador. Sjuksköterskan utgör en viktig roll i screeningen av våld, samtidigt är dåligt bemötande är en vanlig upplevelse hos utsatta kvinnor i mötet med vården.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskans erfarenheter av att vårda kvinnor som har utsatts för mäns våld i nära relation. Metod: En litteraturöversikt av 12 vetenskapliga resultatartiklar med kvalitativ design som induktivt analyserades med hjälp av Fribergs fem steg. Artikelsökningar har genomförts i CINAHL, PsycINFO, och manuellt.  Resultat: Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskorna beskrev bristande kunskaper orsakat av avsaknad av strategier, förutfattade meningar, samt avsaknad av rutiner. Resultatet beskrev även sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter av att vara mänskliga, då känslor och tidsbrist förekom i vårdrelationen med våldsutsatta kvinnor. Slutsats: När kvinnor utsatta för våld söker vård bär sjuksköterskor en betydelsefull roll i att stötta och hjälpa. Trots detta ansvar, brister sjuksköterskornas förmåga att hantera och vidta åtgärder vid bekräftande av våldsutsatthet. Ytterligare lärdomar inom ämnet visade sig vara nödvändigt för att kunna vårda kvinnorna personcentrerat. / Background: Intimate partner violence, is defined as committing harmful acts towards an intimate partner. Men’s violence against women leads to severe damage. The nurse plays an important role when screening for violence, though the experience of poor treatment from nurses is common among abused women Aim: The aim was to describe the nurse’s experiences of caring for women that has been exposed to men’s violence in an intimate relationship. Method: A literary review of 12 articles with qualitative design that were inductively analyzed using Friberg's five steps. Articles has been searched by using CINAHL, PsycINFO, and manually.  Results: The result showed that nurses described insufficient knowledge caused by lack of strategies, preconceptions and lack of routines. The result also described the nurses’ experience of being human, caused by the emotions and lack of time in the nurse-patient relationship with the abused women.  Conclusion: When abused women seek care, the nurse plays an important role supporting and helping the woman. Despite this responsibility, the nurses lack ability to manage a confirmation of abuse. More knowledge in the subject showed to be essential when performing person centered care for abused women.

Bakgrund: Många individer oftast äldre drabbas av gonartros, denna diagnos kan orsaka smärta och nedsatt funktion vilket i sin tur kan leda till begränsningar i det dagliga livet. Detta är en systematisk litteraturöversikt över studier som har undersökt laterala kil-inlägg som behandlingsmetod för att minska smärta och förbättra funktion hos patienter med medial gonartros. Syfte: Att studera om laterala kil-inlägg leder till reducerad smärta och främjad funktion jämfört med neutrala inlägg. Vidare utreds också om resultatet är baserat på olika undergrupper. Metod: En systematisk sökning i databaserna PubMed, MEDLINE, AMED, CINAHL och Cochrane Library utfördes för att hitta relevanta studier som sedan inkluderades utifrån förutbestämda kriterier. Data analyserades utifrån dessa artiklar för att besvara frågeställningen i detta arbete. Artiklarnas evidens och validitet/reliabilitet har bedömts. Resultat: Resultaten visar att laterala kilinlägg inte ger reducerad smärta och främjad funktion. Det finns heller inga samband kopplat till undergrupperna som studeras i denna systematiska översikt. Slussats: Det finns i denna rapport blandat med bevis för huruvida laterala kilinlägg reducerar smärta och främjar funktion. Även om ett antal studier påvisar positiva effekter är detta inte tillräckligt för att på ett statistiskt signifikant sätt säga att det hjälper. Det går inte att säga om behandlingen är mer lämpad för någon specifik undergrupp. / Background: Many individuals often the elderly suffering of gonatros, this diagnosis can cause pain and impaired function which in turn can lead to limitations in daily living. This is a systematic review of studies that have investigated lateral wedged insoles as a treatment to reduce pain and improve function in patients with medial gonartros. Aim: To study whether lateral wedge insoles lead to reduced pain and improved function compared with neutral insoles. Furthermore, it is also investigated if the result is based on different sub-groups. Method: A systematic search in the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, AMED, CINAHL and Cochrane Library was performed to find relevant studies which then were included based of predetermined criteria. Data from these articles where analysed to answer our question in this paper. The articles were examined for risk of bias and validity/reliability. Results: The results show that lateral wedge insoles do not reduce pain and improve function. There are also no signs that a certain sub-group would be more suited for the treatment. Conclusion: There is in this paper a contradictory result of whether lateral wedge insoles reduce pain and improve function. Although several studies indicate positive effects it is not enough to prove in a statistically significant way that it helps. It is not possible to say whether the treatment is more suitable for any specific subgroup.

A proposta desta tese é cotejar as produções de Ángel Rama, em Marcha, no ano de 1960, e de Antonio Candido na Folha da Manhã, de 1943 a 1945. O resultado traz à luz dois críticos militantes ligados por um interesse comum: a literatura. Interessa mostrar como cada um atuou na imprensa ao tratar de temas do universo literário. E apreender de que forma este exercício semanal trouxe contribuições para a produção ensaística de ambos. / The purpose of this dissertation is to compare Ángel Ramas productions in Marcha, as of 1960, and Antonio Candidos in Folha da Manhã, from 1943 to 1945. The outcome brings to light two militant reviewers related by a common interest: literature. It is of interest to exhibit how each of them have performed in the press by addressing a number of themes from the literary universe. And capturing how this weekly exercise has brought inputs to the essay productivity from both.

A proposta desta tese é cotejar as produções de Ángel Rama, em Marcha, no ano de 1960, e de Antonio Candido na Folha da Manhã, de 1943 a 1945. O resultado traz à luz dois críticos militantes ligados por um interesse comum: a literatura. Interessa mostrar como cada um atuou na imprensa ao tratar de temas do universo literário. E apreender de que forma este exercício semanal trouxe contribuições para a produção ensaística de ambos. / The purpose of this dissertation is to compare Ángel Ramas productions in Marcha, as of 1960, and Antonio Candidos in Folha da Manhã, from 1943 to 1945. The outcome brings to light two militant reviewers related by a common interest: literature. It is of interest to exhibit how each of them have performed in the press by addressing a number of themes from the literary universe. And capturing how this weekly exercise has brought inputs to the essay productivity from both.