This thesis sets in their literary context polemical books and tracts arising from tho, debate on church order within the Church as established by law in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. The first two chapters set out the terms of the discussion and describe the historical context of the works considered. Chapter one looks at models of discourse appropriate for a study of polemic, concluding that the perspective of traditional rhetoric enables one to pose the right stylistic and ethical questions of works whose goal was effective persuasion. Chapter Two looks at the conditions under which these works were produced, analysing the extent and effectiveness of censorship. The principal argument begins in Chapter Three, with an analysis of the main linguistic model for this literature - the formal disputation as practised in the universities demonstrating its inability to cope with the fundamental nature of the disagreements between opponents and its tendency under pressure to become a trial in print. Chapter Four complements this analysis with a chronological survey of events from the Admonition controversy of 1572-3 bo the mid-1580s. John Whitgift's appointment as Archbishop of Canterbury and his subsequent campaign against non-subscribers are identified as pivotal events which focused attention on the political and legal mechanisms for the enforcement of order in the church, and the literary responses of reformers to this shift of focus from the theological to the historic are analysed. The first part of Chapter Five looks in more technical detail at the increasingly arbitrary use of literary language by reformers, examining the crucial influence of the dialectician Ramus on the tendency to treat as formal proof a rhetorically effective arrangement of propositions; the latter part of the chapter looks at the witty reductio ad absurdum of this tendency in the Marprelate tracts. Chapter Six considers the last ten to fifteen years of Elizabeth's reign, concentrating in particular on the polanic arising from or influenced by the Star Chamber cases against reformers in 1590-1.The Conclusion summarises briefly the linguistic shortcuts used by the majority of polemicists to strengthen their case, and contrasts these with Hooker's arphasls on the need to respect the processes of language in the journey of theological discovery. Finally, I examine the implications of the obviovis-bankruptcy of traditional forms of exchange in a new situation, and the-consequent decline of dialogue, for the English Church after 1603.

No description available.

This thesis examines NieR: Automata, a video game published in 2017 on PlayStation 4 from a narratological perspective to see how it composes its narrative elements to make an excellent argument about existence. The director Yōkō Tarō argues that, we could and should exert our agency to make the choice in our life, thus this is how we grant our life meaning. This thesis aims at providing a relatively comprehensive analysis on Automata’s profound understanding and presentation of Sartre's existentialism, its ingenious narrative construction, and the close association between them, through a contextualization on Sartre's existentialism, and a game components analysis. Yōkō takes his works as exploration on the usual themes and elements in the video games like violence and life, and Automata becomes his answer to one's life. From a comprehensive demonstration involving Automata’s game and narrative structure, we could clearly see that these two aspects are built so closely – all the game components are all associated with its central argument about existence and agency, and affirming or enhancing it from different perspectives, including its game systems, playthrough process, maps and stages, et cetera. Automata's argument shows a reflection on Japanese's collective recognition of self, which evidently received much influence from Sartre's Existentialism, a western philosophy view, suggesting a globalizing trend in the Japanese cultural context. Automata also gives a fine example for narrative game and illustrates that video game could be a persuasive lesson of argument in reality as well. By applying this literary study on Automata, this thesis also aims to provide an example for similar narrative studies on video games in the future. / Graduate

Bakgrund: På akutmottagningar kommer det in olika patienter med varierande sjukdomstillstånd. För att kunna bedöma och prioritera patienter utifrån vårdbehov, behöver sjuksköterskan utföra en form av triagering. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av aspekter av betydelse vid triagering på akutmottagning. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturstudie användes vid skrivandet av denna uppsats som innehöll åtta vetenskapliga artiklar i resultatet. Resultat: Resultatet delades in i två kategorier och åtta underkategorier. De kategorier som formulerades var interna aspekter och externa aspekter. Underkategorierna till interna aspekter var kunskap, mod, intuition och relation. För externa aspekter formulerades underkategorierna arbetsmiljö, hjälpmedel, patienten och riktlinjer som underkategorier. Konklusion: De aspekter som sjuksköterskan upplevde beröra triagering visade sig vara ett komplext nät av flera olika delar som vävs in i varandra. Denna studie skulle kunna hjälpa både akutmottagningens verksamhet, patienter och sjuksköterskor genom att belysa dessa aspekter. Författarna anser att utbildning inom detta område både på akutmottagningar och i grundutbildningen bör utökas. Detta anses vara ett komplext ämne och vidare forskning inom detta område bör eftersträvas. / Background: Emergency departments receive different types of patients with health issues of various degrees. Nurses must be able to assess and prioritize patients according to their health status. Doing this, some sort of triage must be performed. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses' experience of aspects of importance during triage at an emergency department. Method: A qualitative literature review was used which included eight articles in the result. Results: The result emerged into two categories and eight subcategories. The categories were internal aspects and external aspects. Internal aspects involved knowledge, bravery, intuition and relationship as subcategories. External aspects involved environment, facilitators, the patient and guidelines as subcategories. Conclusion: The aspects of importance the nurse considered influencing the triage, is complex with several different parts integrated within each other. This study provides enlightenment regarding these aspects for the emergency departments, nurses and patients. Furthermore, education within this area of expertise should be increased for the nurses in the emergency department but also during the nursing program. Further research within this subject should be continued.

Bakgrund: Studier har visat att demenssjukdom inte tillhörde det normala åldrandet utan berodde på skador i hjärnan. Demenssjukdomarna påverkade minnet, humöret samt kommunikationsförmåga. Oro, ångest och andra beteendesymtom har förorsakats av sjukdomen. Ångestdämpande och sedativa läkemedel mot symtomen var en vanlig behandling. Tidigare forskning visade att det fanns andra behandlingsmetoder att tillgå. Syfte: Att belysa aktiviteter som minskade negativa symtom och ökade välbefinnandet hos personer med demenssjukdom. Metod: En litteraturstudie av vetenskapliga artiklar genomfördes. Vid granskning framkom olika aktiviteter vilka indelades i en kategori, underkategorier samt effekterna av valda aktiviteter. Resultat: Visade att med olika aktiviteter lindrades negativa symtom och ökade välmåendet samt minskade användandet av sedativa läkemedel. Metoddiskussion: De metoder och strategier som har beskrivits i litteraturen, vilka motsvarade studiens syfte gjorde det möjligt att använda metoden. Resultatdiskussion: Studien visade att det inte fanns några effektiva farmakologiska behandlingar för demenssjukdomar. Det fanns dock olika icke-farmakologiska metoder i kombination med en personcentrerad vård som visade sig haft positiv effekter på beteendemässiga psykiska symtom.Slutsats: Samtliga personer med demenssjukdom hade beteendemässiga psykiska symtom och behövde lindrande åtgärder. Ytterligare forskning sågs som nödvändig inom området för demenssjukdomar. / Background: Studies have shown that dementia did not belong to normal aging but was due to damages to the brain. Dementia affects memory, mood and the ability to communicate. Uneasiness, anxiety and other behavioral symptoms are caused by the disease. Treatment was directed at the symptoms and it was common with anxiety-reducing and sedative drugs. Previous research showed that there were other treatment methods available. Purpose: To elucidate activities and strategies to relieve symptoms and increased wellbeing of people with dementia, as well as the effects of the aforementioned. Method: A qualitative literature review of scientific articles was made. After reviewing different activities emerged that were categorized into headings, subheadings and shown effects. Result: Different activities relieved negative symptoms and increased wellbeing as well as reduced usage of sedative pharmaceuticals. Method discussion: Searches showed that previous research existed. Result discussion: The study showed that there were no effective pharmacological treatments of dementia. The need for non-pharmacological methods in combination with person-centered care existed. Conclusion: People with dementia were showing behavioral mental symptoms and in need of relieving activities. Further research is necessary in the field. / <p>Datum för godkännande: 2019-11-05</p>

Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa ökar i hela världen, även i Sverige, främst hos den unga, kvinnliga befolkningen. Psykiska problem är ofta kopplade till somatisk ohälsa. Kvaliteten på den somatiska vården blir ofta sämre, mycket på grund av att många sjuksköterskor inte har tillräckligt med kunskap och erfarenhet inom psykiatriska omvårdnaden. Syfte: Föreliggande arbete avser att undersöka sjuksköterskors attityder och erfarenheter av patienter med psykisk ohälsa inom den somatiska vården. Metod: Litteraturöversikt av vetenskapliga artiklar. Litteratursökning i databaser med hjälp av lämpliga sökord. Artiklarnas kvalitet granskas sedan med hjälp av granskningsmallar. Resultat: Sammanlagt granskades 15 artiklar, varav 8 kvalitativa och 7 kvantitativa. Undersökningen visar att sjuksköterskor ofta har negativa erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med psykisk ohälsa. En förklaring kan vara bristande kunskap och färdigheter, vilket leder till rädsla, frustration och stress i mötet med dessa patienter. Även miljön nämns som som en stress- och orsaksfaktor till detta. Dessa faktorer leder till att sjuksköterskor till övervägande del har negativa attityder mot denna patientgrupp. Slutsats: Slutsatsen av undersökningen visar att de identifierade bristerna när det gäller kunskap och färdigheter bland annat leder till otrygghet vid vård av patienter med psykisk ohälsa inom den somatiska vården. Förbättring av detta tillstånd kan uppnås genom att höja sjuksköterskors kompetens, t.ex. genom att lägga större vikt på den psykiatriska omvårdnaden inom den praktiska utbildningen. / Background: Mental illness is increasing in the whole world and also in Sweden, mainly among the young female population. Mental problems are often linked to somatic illness. The quality of somatic health care for these patients is often worse, mainly because a lot of nurses don’t have enough knowledge and experience of psychiatric nusing. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine nurses’ attitudes against and experiences of patients with mental illness in somatic health care. Method: Literary review of scientific articles. Literary search in data bases with appropriate search terms. The quality of the articles was examined by using grading templates. Results: In total 15 articles, 8 qualitatives and 7 quantitatives, were examined. The examination shows that nurses have predominantly negative experiences of caring for patients with mental illness. One explanation can be lacking knowledge and skills which leads to fear, frustration and stress when meeting this group of patients. The environment of the work place was also named as a causing factor of stress. These factors are contributing to the nurses’ predominantly negative attitudes towards those patients. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the identified lack of knowledge and skills among the nurses leads to insecurity among other negative emotions while taking care of patients with mental illness in somatic health care. Improving this situation can be achieved by raising nurses’ competence, for example by focusing more on psychiatric nursing during practical training.

Genom att jämföra två bilderböcker undersöker det här arbetet hur döden skildras i barnlitteratur. Den kvalitativa litteraturanalysen fokuserar på hur text och bild skildrar döden och huvudkaraktärens sorg, samt vilka budskap illustrationerna förmedlar. Böckerna som undersöks är ROY av Gro Dahle och Svein Nyhus som publicerades 2009 samt Alla döda små djur av Ulf Nilsson och Eva Eriksson som publicerades 2006. Utifrån tidigare forskning om barn i sorg och sorgebearbetning redovisas hur man som pedagog/lärare kan möta dessa barn. Med hjälp av analysverktyg för text och bild presenteras vidare hur dessa böcker kan användas för att bearbeta frågor och funderingar som elever har. Sammanfattningsvis presenteras hur böckerna kan användas i undervisning, genom boksamtal. / By comparing two picture books, this study examines how death is portrayed in children´s literature. The literature analysis focuses on how text and image depict death and the main characters grief, as well as what message the illustrations convey. The books that will be analysed are ROY by Gro Dahle and Svein Nyhus, which was published in 2009 and All dead small animals by Ulf Nilsson and Eva Eriksson, which was published in 2006. The study will show ways to teach children in grief, based on previous research on children in grief and sorrow processing. And with help from analysis tools, discusses how the books can be used in teaching, through book calls.