La présence de hachereaux au sein de nombreux sites du Paléolithique moyen pyrénéo-cantabrique a conduit F. Bordes à définir en 1953 un faciès régional, le Vasconien. Par la suite, des analyses typologiques centrées sur la représentativité des outils retouchés ont remis en question la validité de ce faciès tandis que la présence récurrente mais sporadique de hachereaux dans des ensembles du Paléolithique moyen a entraîné l’idée d’une perduration depuis l’Acheuléen ibérique. Dans ce travail de ré-évaluation du Paléolithique moyen récent pyrénéo-cantabrique, une large gamme de données issues de plusieurs champs disciplinaires a été mobilisée. Ce renouveau du cadre contextuel se voit consolidé par l’obtention récente de datations absolues permettant de proposer un cadre chronologique précis pour le Moustérien à hachereaux de l’OIS 3. L’analyse de près 450 hachereaux provenant de neuf sites est fondée sur une caractérisation technologique, morphométrique et fonctionnelle de ces outils du Paléolithique moyen récent. Cette première étape de caractérisation est ensuite complétée par la comparaison avec un corpus de près de 200 hachereaux acheuléens provenant de sites localisés au sein de la même aire géographique. Les différences perçues entre ces deux populations, corrélées à un cadre chronologique redéfini, permet d’écarter l’idée d’une perduration ponctuelle de ces outils depuis l’Acheuléen et de les identifier comme l’expression d’une réinvention, leur octroyant de la sorte une nouvelle signification culturelle. Parallèlement, les séries lithiques provenant de 7 sites localisés au nord de la zone vasco-cantabrique ont été analysées selon les principes classiques de la technologie lithique. Ces ensembles sont issus de contextes topographiques variés (grotte, abri, plein air) et de milieux diversifiés (montagnard, littoral, aride). Bien qu’une variabilité attendue soit perceptible entre ces ensembles, le même fond technologique est présent et les différences perçues sont évaluées à l’aune de la fonction présumée des occupations. Interprétées en termes de complémentarité, ces différences autorisent à proposer l’hypothèse d’un modèle d’organisation territorial à faible mobilité impliquant cependant une structuration sociale complexe de ces sociétés de la fin du Paléolithique moyen. Un premier essai de construction d’une archéoséquence pour la région pyrénéo-cantabrique permet de mieux cerner l’homogénéité et la place du Vasconien au niveau régional ainsi que vis-à-vis des technocomplexes qui l’encadrent. Des comparaisons avec les différentes traditions techniques évoluant en synchronie (principalement le Moustérien de Tradition Acheuléenne) permettent également d’aborder la question de leur autonomie respective et de proposer de nouvelles aires d’influences techniques auxquelles elles sont soumises. / The presence of cleavers in numerous Pyrenean-Cantabrian Middle Paleolithic sites led to the creation of a regional facies called Vasconian (Bordes, 1953). Later, typological analyses based on shaped tool classes’ cumulative frequency have questioned the very existence of this facies (Cabrera Valdés, 1983). The recurrence of cleavers within Middle Paleolithic assemblages was then interpreted as a long perdurance of the Iberian Acheulean. The present research was aimed to re-evaluate the Pyrenean-Cantabrian Late Middle Paleolithic through the comparison of a large variety of data. It is supported by a detailed and renewed chronological framework for the Mousterian with cleavers of OIS 3 based on newly obtained radiometric data. The analysis included technological, morphometric and functional characterization of over 450 cleavers from nine sites attributed to the Late Middle Paleolithic. Our results were then compared to ca. 200 Acheulean cleavers from the same area. The differences between these two populations and a revised chronological framework allow us to reject the hypothesis of a sporadic persistence of cleavers after the Acheulean. We rather propose that these tools have resulted of a new invention and fully were a cultural marker. Meanwhile, the whole lithic ensembles from seven sites located north of the Basque-Cantabrian area were analyzed with the conventional methods of lithic technology. These sites correspond to various topographic contexts (caves, rock shelters, and open air sites) and to diverse environments (alpine, coastal, and arid). Despite an expected variability between these ensembles, we identified a shared technological tradition and propose that differences could be the result of different site functions. If we consider the different sites as being complementarity, we can propose the hypothesis of a low-mobility territorial structuration and thus a social complexity of the Late Middle Paleolithic societies. A first attempt to build a cultural-stratigraphic sequence for the Pyrenean-Cantabrian region is being made in order to properly assess the Vasconian location and homogeneity as for the constraining techno-complexes. Comparisons with contemporaneous techno-complexes (and more particularly with the MTA) allow us to address their respective autonomy within a newly defined technical are of influence.

A presente dissertação apresenta o estudo realizado sobre as cadeias operatórias da cultura material lítica coletada nos sítios Silva Serrote (Guimarânia) e Menezes (Perdizes), e a cerâmica coletada no segundo sítio. O objetivo é caracterizar aspectos culturais de populações pré-coloniais do vale do Paranaíba-MG, por meio da análise tecnológica dos vestígios materiais deixados no registro arqueológico, com o processamento de datações absolutas por Carbono 14 e Termoluminescência; Silva Serrote: 790± 190 AP (TL-FATEC-SP) e 760±50( C14-Gif-sur-Yvette) e Menezes 572±80 AP(TL-FATEC-SP). A análise tecnológica do material lítico do Silva Serrote (campanha 1985) versou sobre o estudo de 703 peças e 28 do Menezes (campanha 1991) e foram analisados 1939 elementos cerâmicos do sítio Menezes, coletados no âmbito do projeto arqueológico regional Quebra-Anzol. Por meio desta análise, foi possível a caracterização de alguns aspectos sócio-culturais sobre o modo de vida, assim como sobre o proceder e a escolha tecnológica destas populações. / This research presents a study about operational chains of lithic culture collected in the sites Silva Serrote and Menezes, and the pottery collected in the Menezes site. The goal is to establish some cultural aspects of the pre-colonial population that lived in the Paranaíba Valley (Minas Gerais State) using lithic and pottery technological analysis of this material, abandoned in the archaeological record. The material was dated by termoluminescence and Carbon 14. The lithic analysis of the Silva Serrote site was composed by 703(collected in 1985) pieces and Menezes 28 pieces(collected in 1991). The pottery analysis of the Menezes site embraced altogether 1939 pieces. This master thesis is related to a major sectional archaeological project named Quebra-Anzol. Through this work, it was possible to characterize some social and cultural aspects about the way of life, operational sequences and technological choices made by these groups.

O presente trabalho aborda uma região bem delimitada, circunscrita aos afloramentos calcários do alto curso do rio São Francisco no estado de Minas Gerais (1500km²). Depois de um período inicial exploratório com levantamentos de superfície intensivos, resultando na descoberta de 120 sítios, duas cavernas, a Loca do Suim e a Gruta do Marinheiro, foram escolhidas para receberem escavações. O objetivo foi comprovar a existência de uma ocupação caçadora-coletora arcaica na região estudada, utilizando como principal elemento descritivo a indústria lítica produzida por esses grupos, envolvendo aspectos como tipologia, tecnologia e cronologia do material. Buscou-se assim colocar em evidência algumas particularidades da região estudada, assim como apontar para eventuais semelhanças com as grandes tradições arqueológicas do período arcaico conhecidas no centro e sul do Brasil. / This project is located in the carstic region (1500km²) of the upper São Francisco river valley, in the southeastern portion of the Brazilian highlands, 250km to the southwest of the well known Lagoa Santa region, State of Minas Gerais. After a period (5 years) of intensive search for sites, discovering more than 120 of them, two caves (Loca do Suim and Gruta do Marinheiro) where excavated. The objective was to prove the existence, also in this area, of archaeological material related to arcaic hunter-gatherers. For being abundant, the lithic industry produced by these pre-historic groups was chosen as main descriptive element. The analysis, based on typological, technological and chronological characteristics of the sample, points out the similarities and differences that exist between this industry and the main lithic archaeological traditions of central and southern Brazil during the arcaic period.

O presente trabalho é referente ao estudo das indústrias líticas do sítio Brito, localizado na margem direita do rio Paranapanema, no Estado de São Paulo. Os materiais estudados estão associados a datações recuadas a transição Holoceno Inicial/Médio, entre, aproximadamente, 8.000 BP e 6.500 BP. O nosso primeiro objetivo concerne à caracterização tecnológica das indústrias líticas a partir de uma abordagem centrada no conceito de cadeia operatória visando reconstituir os processos técnicos e as estratégias de uso das matérias primas que geraram a variabilidade artefatual observada. O segundo objetivo trata da verificação, por meio da análise da distribuição vertical e horizontal dos vestígios, da integridade de solos de ocupação identificados durante a escavação. Propomos que as indústrias líticas mais antigas do sítio Brito estão distribuídas em um nível arqueológico caracterizado por um palimpsesto de ocupações. / The present dissertation refers to the study of the lithic assemblages from the Brito site, located at the right bank of the Paranapanema river, in the state of São Paulo. The materials that were studied are associated to dates that go back to the transition between the initial and the middle Holocene, approximately 8,000 to 6,500 BP. Our first objective concerns the technological characterization of the lithic assemblages from an approach based on the concept of operation sequence (chaîne opératoire), with the aim of reconstituting the technical processes and the strategies of usage of raw material that generated the observed artifact variability. The second objective was to verify, by means of analyzing the vertical and horizontal distribution of the lithic materials, the integrity of the occupational floors identified during the fieldwork. We suggest that the oldest lithic assemblages of the Brito site are distributed over an archeological level characterized by a palimpsest of occupations.

A presente Dissertação estuda a ocupação pré-histórica do sítio Limeira, UTM 24K 341411 - 7714533 (40º31\'20,62\" O e 20º39\'42,61\" S); sítio arqueológico a céu-aberto localizado no município de Guarapari, região do litoral centro-sul do Estado do Espírito Santo. A pesquisa arqueológica foi pautada nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Arqueologia da Paisagem, cadeia operatória e Habitus, evidenciando vestígios materiais líticos e malacológicos de uma população coletora-caçadora-pescadora que se estabeleceu no local há cerca de 670 anos AP (14C - CENA-USP). O foco da análise centrou-se na investigação da interação entre a população que habitou o sítio com o ambiente que a circundava, com levantamentos geológicos, geomorfológicos, hidrográficos, climáticos, etc., através de pesquisas bibliográficas e cartográficas. Também, buscou-se reunir informações sobre o paleoambiente do litoral do Espírito Santo, com fulcro na região estudada. A pesquisa intensiva de campo foi realizada em 4 campanhas: uma em 2009, pelo Prof. Ms. Celso Perota, via resgate arqueológico, e as demais, de cunho acadêmico, realizadas entre os anos 2012 e 2013, voltadas para esta dissertação de Mestrado, pautadas nos métodos e técnicas de investigação de campo por superfícies amplas em decapagens por camadas naturais. Como resultado, foi possível observar que o sítio Limeira é unicomponencial, além de serem evidenciadas duas estruturas estabelecidas na forma de 3 bolsões malacológicos e uma fogueira, cujos carvões foram utilizados para realização de datação. Os dados analisados possibilitaram interpretações a respeito do modo de vida dos habitantes pretéritos do sítio Limeira, e dos aspectos ambientais (vegetação e clima) que os cercava. É importante destacar que o estudo dos vestígios arqueológicos do sítio em questão e sua inserção nas escalas espaciais, temporais e ambientais, estabeleceram parâmetros de suma relevância para que futuras pesquisas desenvolvidas no Espírito Santo encontrem referenciais de suporte. / This thesis studies the prehistoric occupation of Limeira, (UTM 24K 341411-7714533 - 40º31\'20,62 \"O 20º39\'42,61 and\" S); an open-air archaeological site located in the city of Guarapari, on the south-central coast of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The research was based on theoretical and methodological assumptions of Landscape Archaeology and operational chains and Habitus, showing evidence of lithic and malacological remains of a hunter-gatherer-fisher population that settled in the area around 670 years ago (14C - CENA USP). The analysis is focused on investigation into the interaction between the population that inhabited the site and the surrounding environment, encompassing geologic, geomorphologic, hydrographic and climatic surveys as well as bibliographic and cartographic research. The study also sought to gather information on the coastal paleoenvironment of Espírito Santo, with the research area serving as the fulcrum. Intensive field work was carried out in four campaigns: one in 2009, by Prof. Msc. Celso Perota via archaeological rescue, and three others of academic nature, directly related to this thesis, performed between 2012 and 2013. All field research was guided by methods and techniques for large surfaces with stripping by natural levels. As a result, it was observed that the Limeira site is uni-componential. Also highlighted were two established structures in the form of 3 malacological pockets and a fire pit, whose coals were used to perform carbon dating. Once analyzed, the data allowed for interpretations regarding the way of life of past inhabitants of the Limeira site, and the environment (vegetation and climate) around them. It is important to note that the study of the archaeological remains of the site in question - as well as their insertion into spatial, temporal and environmental scales - has established relevant parameters so that future research in Espírito Santo can be developed and supported within a greater frame of reference.

Le Sauveterrien représente l'une des principales traditions culturelles du Premier Mésolithique européen. L'uniformité présumée de ce complexe était basée surtout sur la présence dans la France méridionale et l'Italie septentrionale de pointes à dos fusiformes (pointes de Sauveterre) et de microlithes triangulaires. Le but principal de ce travail est celui de mettre en discussion et vérifier cette association en utilisant une approche technologique ample des assemblages lithiques appartenant à 23 contextes stratigraphiques de 12 sites français et italiens de référence. En particulier, ces assemblages ont été analysés avec l'objectif de reconstruire les chaînes opératoires dans leur totalité, de l'approvisionnement des matières premières à l'utilisation et à l'abandon des éléments ayant servi comme outils. Plusieurs techniques d'analyse ont été intégrées afin de comprendre et caractériser les assemblages sauveterriens à partir de points de vue différents et complémentaires. De plus, l'évaluation de l'uniformité du complexe sauveterrien dans son territoire central par rapports aux groupes culturels des régions voisines a permis d'aborder de façon préliminaire la question de la réelle nature du Premier Mésolithique de l'Europe occidentale. / The Sauveterrian represents one of the main cultural aspects of the European Early Mesolithic. It was at first identified and described in southern France during the 1920ies. Following the discovery of similar lithic assemblages in north-eastern Italy (Adige Valley), during the 1970ies it was proposed that this culture had developed over a large territory whose central areas are represented by southern France and northern Italy. The presumed uniformity of this complex was based, in particular, on the presence in both regions of needle-like backed points (Sauveterre points) and triangular microliths. In the following years a first typological attempt to verify the actual homogeneity of the Early Mesolithic of this region arose some doubts regarding the appropriateness of this unification. Following this line of research the main aim of this work was, thus, to question and verify this association, by applying a broad technological approach to the study of the lithic assemblages belonging to 23 stratigraphic contexts from 12 French and Italian reference sites. More specifically these assemblages were investigated with the aim of reconstructing the entire reduction sequences, from the procurement of lithic raw materials to the use and discard of tools. Different analytical techniques were thus combined in order to understand and characterize the Sauveterrian assemblages from different and complementary viewpoints. Besides, the evaluation of the uniformity of the Sauveterrian complex in its central area with respect to the neighbouring cultural groups, allowed tentatively approaching the investigation of the very nature of western European Early Mesolithic.

Les industries laminaire du Néolithique précéramique sont caractérisées par deux systèmes de débitage laminaire : le système unipolaire et le système bipolaire. Cette étude s’intéresse aux débitages laminaires unipolaires et leur évolution. L’analyse du matériel provenant de quatre sites syriens a permis de redéfinir les débitages unipolaires et de les classer en deux systèmes distincts : le débitage strictement unipolaire et le débitage à gestion unipolaire. Cette distinction est basée sur les principes d’exploitation, les modalités et les techniques de taille des deux systèmes, ainsi que sur des expérimentations de taille originales. Il en ressort aussi que les débitages unipolaire sont des systèmes techniques qui relèvent à la fois de connaissance et de savoir-faire et non pas des systèmes expédients. Le matériel du site PPNA de Wadi Tumbaq 3 en Syrie centrale relève d’une évolution des débitages laminaires différente de celle connue pour les trois autres sites néolithiques du Moyen-Euphrate : Tell Aber 3, Cheikh Hassan et Mureybet. L’évolution des débitages laminaires établie à partir des industries lithiques datées et bien analysées, et généralisée pour l’ensemble du Levant, n’est ainsi caractéristique que de certaines régions du territoire. / Two main debitage systems are known in the northern Levant during the aceramic Neolithic: unidirectional and bidirectional debitage. This study focuses on unidirectional debitages and their evolution. Material analysis from four sites in Syria allowed redefining unidirectional debitage and distinguishing between two different systems: strictly unidirectional debitage and optional unidirectional debitage. These two systems are distinguished on the basis of reconstituted knapping techniques and strategies, as well as experimental knapping. The technical complexity characterizing unidirectional debitage indicates highly-skilled knappers and not expedient knapping. Ananlysis of the material from Wadi Tumbaq 3 (PPNA) in central Syria indicates for these knapping techniques a different model of evolution from that known at Tell Aber 3, Cheikh Hassan and Mureybet in the middle Euphrates valley. Therefore, it appears that the pattern of evolution reconstructed on the basis of well analyzed and dated lithic industries, untill now applied to the whole of Levant, is only a regional phenomenon.

A presente Dissertação estuda a ocupação pré-histórica do sítio Limeira, UTM 24K 341411 - 7714533 (40º31\'20,62\" O e 20º39\'42,61\" S); sítio arqueológico a céu-aberto localizado no município de Guarapari, região do litoral centro-sul do Estado do Espírito Santo. A pesquisa arqueológica foi pautada nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Arqueologia da Paisagem, cadeia operatória e Habitus, evidenciando vestígios materiais líticos e malacológicos de uma população coletora-caçadora-pescadora que se estabeleceu no local há cerca de 670 anos AP (14C - CENA-USP). O foco da análise centrou-se na investigação da interação entre a população que habitou o sítio com o ambiente que a circundava, com levantamentos geológicos, geomorfológicos, hidrográficos, climáticos, etc., através de pesquisas bibliográficas e cartográficas. Também, buscou-se reunir informações sobre o paleoambiente do litoral do Espírito Santo, com fulcro na região estudada. A pesquisa intensiva de campo foi realizada em 4 campanhas: uma em 2009, pelo Prof. Ms. Celso Perota, via resgate arqueológico, e as demais, de cunho acadêmico, realizadas entre os anos 2012 e 2013, voltadas para esta dissertação de Mestrado, pautadas nos métodos e técnicas de investigação de campo por superfícies amplas em decapagens por camadas naturais. Como resultado, foi possível observar que o sítio Limeira é unicomponencial, além de serem evidenciadas duas estruturas estabelecidas na forma de 3 bolsões malacológicos e uma fogueira, cujos carvões foram utilizados para realização de datação. Os dados analisados possibilitaram interpretações a respeito do modo de vida dos habitantes pretéritos do sítio Limeira, e dos aspectos ambientais (vegetação e clima) que os cercava. É importante destacar que o estudo dos vestígios arqueológicos do sítio em questão e sua inserção nas escalas espaciais, temporais e ambientais, estabeleceram parâmetros de suma relevância para que futuras pesquisas desenvolvidas no Espírito Santo encontrem referenciais de suporte. / This thesis studies the prehistoric occupation of Limeira, (UTM 24K 341411-7714533 - 40º31\'20,62 \"O 20º39\'42,61 and\" S); an open-air archaeological site located in the city of Guarapari, on the south-central coast of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The research was based on theoretical and methodological assumptions of Landscape Archaeology and operational chains and Habitus, showing evidence of lithic and malacological remains of a hunter-gatherer-fisher population that settled in the area around 670 years ago (14C - CENA USP). The analysis is focused on investigation into the interaction between the population that inhabited the site and the surrounding environment, encompassing geologic, geomorphologic, hydrographic and climatic surveys as well as bibliographic and cartographic research. The study also sought to gather information on the coastal paleoenvironment of Espírito Santo, with the research area serving as the fulcrum. Intensive field work was carried out in four campaigns: one in 2009, by Prof. Msc. Celso Perota via archaeological rescue, and three others of academic nature, directly related to this thesis, performed between 2012 and 2013. All field research was guided by methods and techniques for large surfaces with stripping by natural levels. As a result, it was observed that the Limeira site is uni-componential. Also highlighted were two established structures in the form of 3 malacological pockets and a fire pit, whose coals were used to perform carbon dating. Once analyzed, the data allowed for interpretations regarding the way of life of past inhabitants of the Limeira site, and the environment (vegetation and climate) around them. It is important to note that the study of the archaeological remains of the site in question - as well as their insertion into spatial, temporal and environmental scales - has established relevant parameters so that future research in Espírito Santo can be developed and supported within a greater frame of reference.

O presente trabalho é um esforço metodológico ao tentar aplicar um modelo arqueológico preditivo em sítios do Amapá conhecidos como Alinhamentos de Pedra. Após serem feitas as análises de documentos históricos da década de 1920 e das pesquisas realizadas na década de 1940, juntamente com os levantamentos feitos pelo Museu Goeldi em 2005, foi possível testar em campo o modelo preditivo proposto. Para a sua construção foram utilizadas também as discussões sobre os processos de formação do registro arqueológico e o teste de hipóteses já levantadas sobre estes sítios oriundas desde as primeiras pesquisas em fins do século XIX. Os resultados alcançados, apesar de incipientes, permitiram um panorama da história da arqueologia amazônica e a avaliação que o uso de tecnologias como o Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) podem trazer como resultados positivos para a pesquisa arqueológica na região. / This work is a methodological effort to apply an Archaeological Predictive Model on sites known as Stone Alignments at the State of Amapá-Brazil. After some analyses of historical documents from the 1920\'s and 1940\'s, and the last surveys realized by Goeldi Museum in 2005, was possible to test empirically the predictive model. To its construction were used the discussions on site formation processes and the use of previous hypotheses created since the end of the XIX century. The results achieved allowed a brief view on the history of Amazon archaeology and the evaluation of technologies as the Geographical Information System (GIS) as a positive archaeological tool to produce researches in the region.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-28T16:09:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Osvaldo André Oliveira_.pdf: 10816055 bytes, checksum: 50384491a058f8b9850dc0b8c392cd05 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T16:09:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Osvaldo André Oliveira_.pdf: 10816055 bytes, checksum: 50384491a058f8b9850dc0b8c392cd05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-17 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / Nos últimos 40 anos, estudos arqueológicos (sintetizados em Oliveira et al., 2003; Oliveira e Teixeira, 2005 a,b e c; Oliveira, 2006) apontam que a principal ocupação humana pré-colonial da planície costeira do extremo Sul do Brasil, na região dos municípios de Santa Vitória do Palmar e Chuí, estaria relacionada a grupos construtores de cerritos. Por outro lado, os sítios arqueológicos registrados através do “Banco de Dados Arqueológicos e Paleontológicos do Litoral Sudeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (BDAP)”, segundo Oliveira (2006), mostram que nesta área também existem outros tipos de sítios, associados a populações e momentos cronológicos distintos, tais como sítios erodidos sobre dunas (localizados na faixa litorânea) e sítios de encosta (nas bordas de banhados da Lagoa Mangueira). Além desses, ocorrem também sítios até agora pouco conhecidos e não estudados, que são o foco de estudo dessa tese, localizados na margem leste da Lagoa Mirim, constituindo-se basicamente de material lítico lascado, com significativa ocorrência de pontas de projétil, que foram denominados sítios líticos da margem da Lagoa Mirim. A região, como um todo, é caracterizada (Villwock e Tomazzelli, 1995) como uma ampla planície costeira, onde campos, banhados, lagoas e áreas úmidas associadas constituem a paisagem dominante. No município de Santa Vitória do Palmar, as margens da Lagoa Mirim ocupam toda a extensão de seu território até limites com o município de Rio Grande (ao Norte) e, através do arroio São Luiz e alagados (ao Sul), faz fronteira com o Uruguai. A partir de cronologias estabelecidas por vários autores (Schmitz et al, 1991; Mentz Ribeiro, 1999; Consens, 2004 entre outros) para a ocupação inicial desses grupos caçadores e coletores na região sul do Brasil e norte do Uruguai, acreditamos que a ocupação dos sítios líticos da margem da Lagoa Mirim tenha se dado entre 10.000 a 6.000 anos A. P., ao final de um período de intensa regressão marinha, que teve seu auge por volta de 18/17.000 A.P., no qual o Sistema Lagunar Patos-Mirim (dentro dele a Lagoa Mirim) havia se transformado em uma larga planície fluvial, onde rios como Jaguarão, Cebolatti, Taquari entre outros, dissecavam os antigos depósitos marinho-lagunares, formando pequenos vales (Villwock e Tomazzelli, 1995). Esses grupos teriam se estabelecido às margens daqueles paleovales, que convergiam para a porção nordeste da atual lagoa, antes de desaguarem no oceano, através da região do atual Banhado do Taim. Esses grupos, possivelmente oriundos da região do vale do Rio Negro, no atual Uruguai, teriam encontrado ali condições adequadas para desenvolverem seu modo de vida. A partir do pico transgressivo holocênico, por volta de 5.000 A.P., os vales são novamente afogados e inicia-se um novo ciclo de formação da paleolaguna Mirim, até ser novamente isolada, formando a lagoa como hoje a conhecemos. A partir desse momento, um novo ciclo de ocupação se desenvolve, com os construtores de cerritos, nas áreas alagadiças ao longo de arroios, nos terraços da recém-formada Lagoa da Mangueira e nas áreas de campos de dunas, na costa. / In the last four decades, archaeological research (synthesized in Oliveira et al. 2003; Oliveira and Teixeira, 2005a,b; Oliveira 2006) points out that the main precolonial inhabitants of the southern coastal plains of Brazil, in the region of Santa Vitória do Palmar and Chuí, was the constructors of earth mounds, locally known as cerritos, of the Vieira tradition. However, the archaeological sites recorded by the “Banco de Dados Arqueológicos e Paleontológicos do Litoral Sudeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (BDAP)”, according to Oliveira (2006) shows that there would have been another types of sites, associated to different populations and distinctive chronological moments, such as eroded sites over sand dunes (located in the coastal zone) and slope sites, located in the fringes of Lagoa Mangueira marshes. Besides of them, there are also sites that are, until now, poor known and no research have been made until now, wich are the focus of this study. The sites, located along the oriental margin of the Lagoa Mirim, are composed basically by flaked lithic material with significant presence of projectile points. The region, as a whole, is characterized (Villwock and Tomazelli, 1995) as a large coastal plain where grasslands, marshes, lagoons and moist areas conform the dominant landscape. In Santa Vitória do Palmar, the fringes of the Lagoa Mirim occupy all the extension of its territory up to Rio Grande (at North) as far as the Uruguai border (at South). Given the stablished chronologies by various authors (such as Schmitz et al., 1991; Mentz Ribeiro, 1999 and Consens, 2004 among others) to the inicial occupation of the Southern Brazil and northern Uruguai by hunters and gatherers with projectile poits, we believe that the occupation of the lithic sites in the oriental fringes of the Lagoa Mirim takes place between 10.000 to 6.000 years B. P., at the end of an intensive marine regression that reached its height at about 18/17.000 years B. P., in wich the Patos-Mirim lagune system changed into a large aluvial plain, where rivers such as Jaguarão, Cebolatti, Taquari among others run over ancients marine-lagune deposits, forming small valleys (Villwock and Tomazzelli, 1995). This groups would have stablished in the terraces of the paleovalleys that converged to the northeast of the present lake, before to drain at the Atlantic Ocean, through the present Banhado do Taim. These groups, possibly derived of the valley of Rio Negro region, have found in that place suitable conditions to develop their way of life. As from the holocenic transgressive height, at about 5.000 years B. P., the valleys are again drowned and starts a new cycle of formation of the Mirim paleolake, until it be isolated, forming the lake as we know today. From now on, a new cycle of human occupation also develops, with the cerrito builders in the marsh areas along creeks and streams, in the terraces of the newly formed Lagoa Mangueira and in the sand dune fields of the atlantic coast.