Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-29T14:08:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_FLAVIA_FAGUNDES_FERREIRA_COMPLETO.pdf: 2221702 bytes, checksum: 56df953ecf9cb9e985e7089aef60dc28 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-29T14:08:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_FLAVIA_FAGUNDES_FERREIRA_COMPLETO.pdf: 2221702 bytes, checksum: 56df953ecf9cb9e985e7089aef60dc28 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T14:09:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_FLAVIA_FAGUNDES_FERREIRA_COMPLETO.pdf: 2221702 bytes, checksum: 56df953ecf9cb9e985e7089aef60dc28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-14 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Fear memories are the main responsible for the defensive behavior expressed in response to threats, however when manifested recurrently and out of context they may develop serious emotional problems, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These memories can be modulated by pharmacological manipulation in the endocannabinoid system and by interaction with other individuals of the same species in addition to methods such as extinction, clinically known as Exposure Therapy, which aims to inhibit the evocation of a previously acquired memory by overlapping a new one. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effect of social support on the acquisition and extinction of contextual fear conditioning memory (CFC) under the modulation of subtype 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1). For this, male adult Wistar rats, with bilaterally implanted cannulae in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus by stereotactic surgery were submitted alone or with the presence of a co-specific to 3 minutes of CFC task training, where they received 3 electrical stimuli of 0.5 mA for 2 seconds and 30 seconds interval between each stimulus. At a 24-hour interval, the animals underwent a 3-minute test session to assay memory acquisition, or a 10-minute extinction session and then the test session to assay memory extinction. Furthermore, immediately after the training session, intra-CA1 infusions of saline (1 ?g / ?l), the antagonist (AM251, 100 pmol / ?l) or the agonist (ACEA, 0.01 fmol / ?l) of CB1 receptors were administered. It was found that the presence of a co-specific in the training, extinction or test session induced a significant decrease in the conditioned fear response - measured by the percentage of the animal's immobility time - in all groups, yet even with the expression of memory evocation inhibited by social support, the animals were able to learn the extinction memory. Moreover, a decrease in the conditioned response was observed in the animals receiving both saline and the antagonist infusions, however the greatest effect was observed in the animals receiving agonist infusions, where the inhibition of the response was intensified, presenting the lowest percentages of immobility among all groups. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate the influence of social support on the acquisition and extinction of CFC memory under modulation of CB1 receptors, evidencing its importance on the inhibition of conditioned fear response and facilitation of the memory extinction process, even without the expression of memory evocation along the process. / As mem?rias de medo s?o as principais respons?veis pelo comportamento defensivo expresso em resposta a amea?as, por?m, quando manifestadas de maneira recorrente e fora de contexto, podem desenvolver graves dist?rbios emocionais, como o transtorno do estresse p?s-traum?tico (TEPT). Tais mem?rias podem ser moduladas por manipula??o farmacol?gica no sistema endocanabin?ide e por intera??o com outros indiv?duos da mesma esp?cie, al?m de m?todos como a extin??o, clinicamente conhecida como Terapia de Exposi??o, que visa inibir a evoca??o de uma mem?ria previamente adquirida atrav?s da sobreposi??o de uma nova mem?ria. Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo ? demonstrar o efeito do suporte social sobre a aquisi??o e a extin??o da mem?ria de medo condicionado ao contexto (MCC) sob a modula??o dos receptores canabin?ides do subtipo 1 (CB1). Para isso, ratos Wistar machos adultos, com c?nulas guia implantadas bilateralmente na regi?o CA1 do hipocampo dorsal por meio de cirurgia estereot?xica, foram submetidos sozinhos ou com a presen?a de um co-espec?fico a 3 minutos de treino da tarefa de MCC, onde receberam 3 est?mulos el?tricos de 0,5 mA por 2 segundos e intervalo de 30 segundos entre cada est?mulo. Com um intervalo de 24 horas, os animais foram submetidos a uma sess?o de teste de 3 minutos, para avalia??o da aquisi??o da mem?ria, ou a uma sess?o de extin??o de 10 minutos e ent?o ? sess?o de teste, para avalia??o da extin??o da mem?ria. Al?m disso, imediatamente ap?s a sess?o de treino, foram administradas infus?es intra-CA1 de salina (1 ?g/?l), do antagonista (AM251, 100 pmol/?l) ou do agonista (ACEA, 0.01 fmol/?l) dos receptores CB1. Verificou-se que a presen?a de um co-espec?fico na sess?o de treino, extin??o ou teste induziu uma diminui??o significativa da resposta condicionada de medo ? medida atrav?s da porcentagem do tempo de imobilidade do animal ? em todos os grupos, todavia, mesmo com a express?o da evoca??o da mem?ria inibida pelo suporte social, os animais foram capazes de aprender a mem?ria de extin??o. Ainda, observou-se uma diminui??o da resposta condicionada nos animais que receberam tanto infus?es de salina quanto do antagonista, entretanto, o maior efeito foi observado nos animais que receberam infus?es do agonista, onde a inibi??o da resposta foi intensificada, apresentando as menores porcentagens de imobilidade dentre todos os grupos. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho demonstram a influ?ncia do suporte social sobre a aquisi??o e a extin??o da mem?ria de MCC sob modula??o dos receptores CB1, evidenciando sua import?ncia sobre a inibi??o da resposta condicionada de medo e facilita??o do processo de extin??o da mem?ria, mesmo sem a express?o da evoca??o dessa durante o processo.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-29T14:34:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MARIO_ABEL_BRESSAN_JUNIOR_COMPLETO.pdf: 2519099 bytes, checksum: 937424692b4782fbf7968ed35d4a3e20 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T14:34:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MARIO_ABEL_BRESSAN_JUNIOR_COMPLETO.pdf: 2519099 bytes, checksum: 937424692b4782fbf7968ed35d4a3e20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-29 / This doctoral thesis has as general objective, to analyze how Canal Viva viewers' affective memory is constituted in Brazil. We try to answer in which way the audience conquest happens, how the affective memory can interfere in this process of acceptance, who are and how these viewers interact in social media and what memories and affections are shown in the posts. We use the Content Analysis of Laurence Bardin (2011), which establishes the research on the semantic meanings of comments, observing the verbs, adjectives and expressions that provide meaning in the conversation published on the network. With the analysis of content it was possible to construct categories of analysis that allowed to understand viewers? manifestations about Canal Viva. We analyzed the comments posted by viewers on twitter website on the telenovelas Cambalacho and La?os de Fam?lia. For this, we use Grid Monitoring software as a data collection tool. As a methodological course the posts were classified in two moments. The first one was positive, negative and neutral, and the second was in accordance with the categorization criteria presented in the methodology. After these divisions were made, the data were analyzed with the co-occurrences of terms that appear incidental or not. The final results showed that, in addition to being affective, there is a tele-affective memory, resulting from the emotional effects of television, socialization and the affections built with reference groups. Canal Viva becomes a place of revisitation, which evokes the memories and affectivities of the public. It is a pleasure to return to the past because it is a social bond reconstructed by remembrances, in which the TV was part of the private and collective moments of people. / Esta tese de doutorado possui como objetivo geral analisar como ? constitu?da a mem?ria afetiva dos telespectadores do Canal Viva no Brasil. Procuramos responder de que forma acontece a conquista da audi?ncia, como a mem?ria afetiva pode interferir neste processo de aceita??o, quem s?o e como interagem esses telespectadores nas redes sociais e que mem?rias e afetos aparecem nas publica??es. Utilizamos a An?lise de Conte?do de Laurence Bardin (2011), a qual estabelece a investiga??o sobre os sentidos sem?nticos dos coment?rios, observando os verbos, os adjetivos e express?es que proporcionam um sentido na conversa publicada na rede. Com a an?lise de conte?do foi poss?vel construir categorias que permitiram compreender as manifesta??es dos telespectadores sobre o Canal Viva. Analisamos os coment?rios postados pelos telespectadores, no site de rede social twitter, sobre as telenovelas Cambalacho e La?os de Fam?lia. Para isso, empregamos como ferramenta de coleta dos dados o software Grid Monitoramento. No percurso metodol?gico, as postagens foram classificadas em dois momentos. No primeiro, em positivas, negativas e neutras. No segundo, obedece aos crit?rios de categoriza??o apresentados na metodologia. Ap?s a realiza??o dessas divis?es, os dados foram analisados a partir das coocorr?ncias de termos que aparecem incidentes ou n?o. Os resultados mostraram que, al?m da afetiva, h? uma mem?ria teleafetiva, resultante dos efeitos emocionais advindos da televis?o, da socializa??o e dos afetos constru?dos com os grupos de refer?ncia. O Canal Viva passa a ser um lugar de revisita??o, que evoca as mem?rias e as afetividades do p?blico. H? um prazer em voltar ao passado por constituir um la?o social reconstru?do pelas rememora??es, das quais a TV fez parte em momentos particulares e coletivos das pessoas.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T13:09:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ANDRE_LUIS_NUNES_ROCA_PARCIAL.pdf: 2835869 bytes, checksum: e4ea198fcc1cb0af873dd86d690d99e0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T13:09:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ANDRE_LUIS_NUNES_ROCA_PARCIAL.pdf: 2835869 bytes, checksum: e4ea198fcc1cb0af873dd86d690d99e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-23 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / This paper is divided in two parts. The first one follows a theoretical line, in which issues inherent to biographical construction are analyzed, such as the capacity to fill the blanks in someone?s life, understanding that there is only one way: the truth. In contrast, it also presents a line where fiction is considered the base necessary to fill these spaces in an existence, creating a real effect, a truth possibility. Still within the reflective essay, questions about the literary doing (the artistic process) are approached. The other part of the work is a novel, titled N?o t?m fim os amores sem volta. It is a story about a researcher who commands the exhumation of the first Brazil emperors' while goes deep in an intimate path that will lead her to an understanding about her own life. / O presente trabalho est? dividido em duas partes distintas, mas complementares. A primeira segue uma linha te?rica, em que s?o analisadas quest?es inerentes ? constru??o biogr?fica, como a capacidade de preencher as lacunas de uma vida, por vezes clamando para si o papel de basti?o da Hist?ria, de defensora de uma verdade absoluta. Em contrapartida, apresenta-se uma linha que se utiliza de fic??o para retratar as possibilidades de uma exist?ncia, criando n?o uma verdade, mas um efeito de real. Em seguida, ainda dentro do ensaio reflexivo, s?o abordadas quest?es acerca do fazer liter?rio e sobre o processo de produ??o art?stica que envolve esta disserta??o. A outra parte do trabalho ? uma novela ficcional, intitulada N?o t?m fim os amores sem volta. Nela, uma pesquisadora comanda os trabalhos de exuma??o dos restos mortais dos primeiros imperadores do Brasil enquanto percorre um caminho ?ntimo que a levar? a um entendimento sobre a pr?pria vida.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:39:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_LORENA_EVELYN_SILVA_CAVALCANTE_PARCIAL.pdf: 843706 bytes, checksum: 9e28b91e2d08f5204a5e3b2293c8a063 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:39:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_LORENA_EVELYN_SILVA_CAVALCANTE_PARCIAL.pdf: 843706 bytes, checksum: 9e28b91e2d08f5204a5e3b2293c8a063 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T18:39:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_LORENA_EVELYN_SILVA_CAVALCANTE_PARCIAL.pdf: 843706 bytes, checksum: 9e28b91e2d08f5204a5e3b2293c8a063 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The insular cortex (IC) receives afferent projections from prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, olfactory bulb, basal nuclei and forms reciprocal connections with important limbic areas: amygdala and entorhinal cortex. These different connections indicate a possible involvement of the insular cortex in the process of learning and memory. Social recognition memory (SRM) is essential for forming social groups, establishing hierarchies and social and affective ties. Despite its importance, the knowledge about the brain structures and the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in its processing is still scarce. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the participation of NMDA-glutamatergic, D1/D5-dopaminergic, H2-histaminergic, ?-adrenergic and 5-HT1A serotoninergic receptors, of the IC, in the consolidation of SRM. For this, male Wistar adult rats (300-330 g) were submitted to stereotaxic surgery for implantation of bilateral cannulae in the IC and, later, to the task of social discrimination. The task consists of 4 consecutive days of habituation to the experimental apparatus, which is an open-field box containing 2 acrilic cilinders, for 20 min. Twenty four hours after the last habituation session, the animals were placed in the open field in the presence of a juvenile (22 days postnatal) for 1 hour (sample phase). After 24 hours, the retention test occurred, for 5 min, in the presence of a juvenile previously met (familiar) and a new juvenile. Animals that received the intra-IC infusion of the antagonist D1/D5, ?-adrenergic or 5-HT1A receptor, immediately after the sample phase, impairs the consolidation of SRM. However, this effect was blocked by the concomitant intra-IC infusion of the agonist and the antagonist of the respective receptors. In addition, animals that received intra-IC infusion of the antagonists NMDA and H2 receptors, immediately after the sample phase, were able to consolidate the SRM. The results obtained in the present study suggest that the dopaminergic D1/D5, ?-adrenergic and serotonergic 5-HT1A receptors, but not the glutamatergic NMDA and the histaminergic H2 receptors, of the IC, participates in the consolidation of the SRM. / O c?rtex insular (CI) recebe proje??es aferentes do c?rtex pr?-frontal, giro cingulado, bulbo olfat?rio, n?cleos da base, al?m de formar conex?es rec?procas com importantes ?reas l?mbicas: am?gdala e c?rtex entorrinal. Estas diferentes conex?es indicam um poss?vel envolvimento do c?rtex insular no processo de aprendizado e mem?ria. A mem?ria de reconhecimento social (MRS) ? essencial para formar grupos sociais, estabelecer hierarquias e v?nculos sociais e afetivos. Apesar de sua import?ncia, ainda ? escasso o conhecimento sobre o papel das estruturas cerebrais e os mecanismos celulares e moleculares envolvidos em seu processamento e armazenamento. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a participa??o dos receptores glutamat?rgicos do tipo NMDA, dopamin?rgicos D1/D5, histamin?rgico H2, ?-adren?rgico e serotonin?rgico 5-HT1A, do c?rtex insular, no processo de consolida??o da MRS. Para isso, ratos Wistar machos adultos foram submetidos a uma cirurgia estereot?xica para implanta??o de c?nulas bilaterais no CI e, posteriormente, ? tarefa de discrimina??o social. Esta tarefa consiste de 4 sess?es di?rias de 20 min de habitua??o ao aparato experimental, que ? constitu?do de uma caixa de campo aberto contendo dois cilindros de acr?lico. Vinte e quatro horas ap?s a ?ltima sess?o de habitua??o os animais foram recolocados no aparato, na presen?a de um coespec?fico juvenil (22 dias p?s-natal) dentro de um dos cilindros, por 1 hora (sess?o de treino). Ap?s 24 horas os animais foram submetidos a uma sess?o de teste, de 5 min, na presen?a de um juvenil desconhecido e do juvenil previamente encontrado (familiar). Verificou-se que, os animais que receberam a infus?o intra-CI do antagonista dos receptores D1/D5, ?-adren?rgico ou 5-HT1A imediatamente ap?s a sess?o de treino, tiveram um preju?zo na consolida??o da MRS. Contudo, esse efeito foi bloqueado pela infus?o intra-CI concomitante do agonista e do antagonista dos respectivos receptores. Ainda, os animais que receberam a infus?o intra-CI do antagonista dos receptores NMDA ou H2 imediatamente ap?s a sess?o de treino, foram capazes de consolidar a MRS. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho sugerem que os receptores dopamin?rgicos D1/D5, ?-adren?rgicos e serotonin?rgicos 5-HT1A, mas n?o os glutamat?rgicos NMDA e os histamin?rgicos H2, do c?rtex insular participam da consolida??o da MRS.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:43:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_JULIA_SILVA_WEBER_COMPLETO.pdf: 1157200 bytes, checksum: 9480342a98027ac78d6f2fd1c5eb50d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T18:43:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_JULIA_SILVA_WEBER_COMPLETO.pdf: 1157200 bytes, checksum: 9480342a98027ac78d6f2fd1c5eb50d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the popularization of mobile devices with non-volatile memory brings new challenges regarding the removal of files. Techniques traditionally employed in magnetic media are not effective when applied to non-volatile memories, such as flash memory. Because of the peculiar characteristics of this type of memory, notably the existence of a Flash Translation Layer (FTL), operating systems only manage logical blocks, and no longer have direct control of the physical blocks of a flash memory. Consequently, new methods of safe removal have been developed, which employ Zero Override, Block Erase, and Cryptographic Erase techniques. This work analyzes these methods, compares their operations and proposes a new method, with better performance than those described in the literature. The proposed method is a hybrid method, which combines overwriting and deletion operations to obtain a balanced use of these operations, avoid unnecessary deletion of unused blocks and reduce premature memory wear. To verify the efficiency of the proposed method and of the other methods, a simulator was developed to exercise the removal of files in several experiments. / O advento da Internet das Coisas (IoT) e a populariza??o de dispositivos m?veis com mem?ria n?o-vol?til traz novos desafios quanto a remo??o de arquivos. T?cnicas tradicionalmente empregadas em meios magn?ticos n?o s?o efetivas quando aplicadas para mem?rias n?o vol?teis, como a mem?ria flash. Devido ?s caracter?sticas peculiares deste tipo de mem?ria, notadamente a exist?ncia de uma Camada de Tradu??o da Flash (FTL), sistemas operacionais somente gerenciam blocos l?gicos, e n?o tem mais controle direto dos blocos f?sicos de uma mem?ria flash. Consequentemente, novos m?todos de remo??o segura foram desenvolvidos, que empregam opera??es de Sobrescrita com Zeros, de Apagamento de Blocos e t?cnicas de Apagamento Criptogr?fico. Este trabalho analisa estes m?todos, compara suas opera??es e prop?e um novo m?todo, com melhor desempenho que os descritos na literatura. O m?todo proposto ? um m?todo h?brido, que combina de forma equilibrada opera??es de sobrescrita e apagamento, para evitar o apagamento desnecess?rio de blocos ainda n?o utilizados e reduzir o desgaste prematuro da mem?ria. Para verificar a efici?ncia do m?todo proposto e dos demais m?todos, foi desenvolvido um simulador para exercitar a remo??o de arquivos em diversos experimentos.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-07-05T13:51:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CHRISTIAN_ASTIGARRAGA_ORDOQUE_COMPLETO.pdf: 3323562 bytes, checksum: ce73fa468b2cffee94fac55821912e80 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-05T13:51:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CHRISTIAN_ASTIGARRAGA_ORDOQUE_COMPLETO.pdf: 3323562 bytes, checksum: ce73fa468b2cffee94fac55821912e80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / Institutional book is one of the communication products most traditionally used by companies to publicize their trajectory. Throughout them the companies elaborate a narrative that differentiate them from their competitors. In our study, we sought to analyze two institutional books: The first book is called ?Petrolinho Edi??o Especial Comemorativa ao 25? Anivers?rio da Refinaria de Petr?leo Ipiranga S/A?, produced in 1962. The second book of Ipiranga has the title: ?Uma Hist?ria de Realiza??es. Empresas Petr?leo Ipiranga 60 anos?, produced in 1997. Our analysis will be made through the Hermeneutics Depth method of John B. Thompson and we will use as Technical Discursive Textual Analysis of Roque Moraes, trying to answer if the books present the memory or the history of the company. For that, the analysis of three contexts is necessary; The relationship between culture and organizational communication, the debate between History and Memory and the more current context of corporate social responsibility and historical responsibility. With our study, we intend to contribute to the analysis of the insitutional book, its process of elaboration and use as an communication tool for companies. / O livro institucional ? um dos produtos de comunica??o mais tradicionalmente utilizados pelas empresas para a divulga??o de sua trajet?ria. Atrav?s deles as empresas elaboram uma narrativa que as diferenciam de seus concorrentes. Em nosso estudo, buscamos analisar dois livros institucionais: O primeiro livro se chama ?Petrolinho Edi??o Especial Comemorativa ao 25? Anivers?rio da Refinaria de Petr?leo Ipiranga S/A?, produzido em 1962. O segundo livro da Ipiranga tem o t?tulo: ?Uma Hist?ria de Realiza??es. Empresas Petr?leo Ipiranga 60 anos?, produzido em 1997. Nossa an?lise ser? efetuada atrav?s do m?todo Hermen?utica de Profundidade de John B. Thompson e utilizaremos como t?cnica a An?lise Textual Discursiva de Roque Moraes, buscando responder se os livros apresentam a mem?ria ou a hist?ria da empresa. Para tanto, a an?lise de tr?s contextos se faz necess?ria; a rela??o entre cultura e comunica??o organizacional, o debate entre Hist?ria e Mem?ria e o contexto mais atual da responsabilidade social empresarial e da responsabilidade hist?rica. Pretendemos com nosso estudo, contribuir para a an?lise do livro institucional, seu processo de elabora??o e utiliza??o como ferramenta de comunica??o para as empresas.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-09-11T13:09:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_GUILHERME_CARDOSO_MEDEIROS_COMPLETO.pdf: 10767866 bytes, checksum: f8ce0a0593916dec149c9417c21ff36e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-11T13:09:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_GUILHERME_CARDOSO_MEDEIROS_COMPLETO.pdf: 10767866 bytes, checksum: f8ce0a0593916dec149c9417c21ff36e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Miniaturiza??o tem sido adotada como o principal objetivo da ind?stria de Circuitos Integrados (CIs) nos ?ltimos anos, uma vez que agrega muitos benef?cios tais como desempenho, maior densidade, e baixo consumo de energia. Junto com a miniaturiza??o da tecnologia CMOS, o aumento na quantidade de dados a serem armazenados no chip causaram a amplia??o do espa?o ocupado por mem?rias do tipo Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM) em System-on-Chips (SoCs). Tal miniaturiza??o e evolu??o da nanotecnologia proporcionou muitas revolu??es na ind?stria de semicondutores, tornando necess?rio tamb?m a melhoria no processo de fabrica??o de CIs. Devido a sensibilidade causada pela miniaturiza??o e pelas variabilidades de processo de fabrica??o, eventuais defeitos introduzidos durante fabrica??o podem danificar o CI, afetando o n?vel de confiabilidade do CI e causando perdas no rendimento por die fabricado. A miniaturiza??o adotada pela ind?stria de semicondutores impulsionou a pesquisa de novas tecnologias visando a substitui??o de transistores do tipo CMOS. Transistores FinFETs, devido a suas propriedades el?tricas superiores, emergiram como a tecnologia a ser adotada pela ind?stria. Com a fabrica??o de mem?rias utilizando a tecnologia FinFET, surge a preocupa??o com testes de mem?ria, uma vez que modelos de falhas e metodologias de teste utilizados para tecnologias planares podem n?o ser suficientes para detectarem todos os defeitos presented em tecnologias multi-gate. Uma vez que esta nova tecnologia pode ser afetada por novos tipos de falhas, testes que dependem da execu??o de opera??es, m?todos de endere?amento, checagem de padr?es, e outros tipos de condi??es de est?mulo, podem deixar de serem estrat?gias confi?veis para o teste dos mesmos. Neste contexto, este trabalho de mestrado prop?e uma metodologia baseada em hardware para testar mem?rias em FinFET que monitore par?metros do bloco de mem?ria e gere sinais baseados nessas caracter?sticas. Atrav?s do uso de sensores que monitoram os par?metros do circuito (como consumo de corrente, tens?o nas bit lines) e detectam mudan?as dos padr?es monitorados, os sensores criam pulsos que representam essas varia??es. Esses pulsos s?o modulados usando t?cnicas de modula??o. Uma vez que defeitos resistivos alteram os par?metros monitorados, c?lulas afetadas por esses defeitos apresentam diferentes sinais modulados, validando a metodologia proposta e permitindo a detec??o destes defeitos e consequentemente aumentando o yield de fabrica??o e a confiabilidade do circuito ao longo da sua vida. A metodologia baseada em hardware proposta neste trabalho foi implementada utilizando sensores integrados no pr?prio CI, e foi dividida em duas abordagens: monitoramento de consumo de corrente e monitoramento da tens?o nas bit lines. Cada abordagem foi validada com a inje??o de 12 defeitos resistivos de diferentes naturezas e localiza??es, a ap?s validados considerando diferentes temperaturas de opera??o e o impacto da varia??o de processo de fabrica??o. / Miniaturization has been the industry?s main goal over the last few years, as it brings benefits such as high performance and on-chip integration as well as power consumption reduction. Alongside the constant scale-down of Integrated Circuits (ICs) technology, the increasing need to store more and more information has resulted in the fact that Static Random Access Memories (SRAMs) occupy great part of Systems-on-Chip (SoCs). The constant evolution of nanotechnology brought many revolutions to semiconductors, making it also necessary to improve the integrated circuit manufacturing process. Therefore, the use of new, complex processing steps, materials, and technology has become necessary. The technology-shrinking objective adopted by the semiconductor industry promoted research for technologies to replace CMOS transistors. FinFET transistors, due to their superior electrical properties, have emerged as the technology most probably to be adopted by the industry. However, one of the most critical downsides of technology scaling is related to the non-determinism of device?s electrical parameters due to process variation. Miniaturization has led to the development of new types of manufacturing defects that may affect IC reliability and cause yield loss. With the production of FinFET-based memories, there is a concern regarding embedded memory test and repair, because fault models and test algorithms used for memories based on conventional planar technology may not be sufficient to cover all possible defects in multi-gate memories. New faults that are specific to FinFETs may exist, therefore, current test solutions, which rely on operations executing specific patterns and other stressing conditions, may not stand to be reliable tools for investigating those faults. In this context, this work proposes a hardware-based methodology for testing memories implemented using FinFET technology that monitors aspects of the memory array and creates output signals deriving from the behavior of these characteristics. Sensors monitor the circuit?s parameters and upon changes from their idle values, create pulses that represent such variations. These pulses are modulated applying the pulse width modulation techniques. As resistive defects alter current consumption and bit line voltages, cells affected by resistive defects present altered modulated signals, validating the proposed methodology and allowing the detection of these defects. This further allows to increase the yield after manufacturing and circuit reliability during its lifetime. Considering how FinFET technology has evolved and the likelihood that ordinary applications will employ FinFET-based circuits in the future, the development of techniques to ensure circuit reliability has become a major concern. The presented hardware-based methodology, which was implemented using On-Chip Sensors, has been divided in two approaches: monitoring current consumption and monitoring the voltage level of bit lines. Each approach has been validated by injecting a total of 12 resistive defects, and evaluated considering different operation temperatures and the impact of process variation.

Submitted by PPG Letras (letraspg@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-07T13:16:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O_SAMLA.pdf: 842743 bytes, checksum: ed530d173e5afdd37b1fde2d115ea526 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-08T14:42:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O_SAMLA.pdf: 842743 bytes, checksum: ed530d173e5afdd37b1fde2d115ea526 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-08T14:46:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O_SAMLA.pdf: 842743 bytes, checksum: ed530d173e5afdd37b1fde2d115ea526 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-18 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The present study aims to analyse the use of memory, especially of family memory, in the novel Vermelho (2003), from the portuguese writer Mafalda Ivo Cruz. In it, the narrator protagonist, Tito, seeks to recover the genealogy of his family, resulting in a narrative marked by a form that largely reflects the discourse of memory, a theme dear to the author's work. Thus, the theoretical reference used here mainly consists of memory theorists such as Henri Bergson, Maurice Halbwachs, Paul Ricoeur, Aleida Assmann and J?el Candau. Besides that, we resorted to texts from narratology to support the reading of the novel, especially in what concerns the construction of the narrator. From the analysis performed, one can see that, contrary to what is expected of a memory narrative, that is, an organization of the past in a coherent and temporally linear whole, Tito transmits the family's past into a construction that reflects his disturbed mind. The chaos is also a reflection of the fact that the family history in evidence is full of gaps and silences that are often fictionally filled by its members, especially the manipulation elaborated by M?rio, the stepfather, the main responsible for the oral transmission of events to Tito. Ultimately, the objects of the family archive, in addition to being suspected of falsehood, may have been selected arbitrarily to serve the protagonist's purposes. Therefore, the narrator ends by, rather than reconstituting, founding a memory of the family, but the result is problematic, once Tito is not a reliable narrator. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o aproveitamento da mem?ria, especialmente da mem?ria familiar, no romance Vermelho (2003), da escritora portuguesa Mafalda Ivo Cruz. Nele, o protagonista narrador, Tito, procura recuperar a genealogia de sua fam?lia, do que resulta uma narrativa marcada por uma forma que reflete, em grande parte, o discurso da mem?ria, tema caro ? obra da autora. Sendo assim, o referencial te?rico utilizado consiste, principalmente, em te?ricos que tratam da mem?ria, tais como Henri Bergson, Maurice Halbwachs, Paul Ricoeur, Aleida Assmann e J?el Candau. Al?m disso, recorremos a textos da narratologia para embasar a leitura do romance, principalmente no que tange ? constru??o do narrador. Da an?lise realizada, pode-se perceber que, ao contr?rio do que se espera de uma narrativa de mem?ria, isto ?, uma organiza??o do passado em um todo coerente e temporalmente linear, Tito transmite o passado da fam?lia em uma constru??o que reflete sua mente perturbada. A caoticidade ? tamb?m reflexo do fato de a hist?ria familiar em jogo ser repleta de lacunas e de sil?ncios que s?o preenchidos n?o raro ficcionalmente pelos seus membros, destacando-se a manipula??o elaborada por M?rio, o padrasto, principal respons?vel pela transmiss?o oral dos eventos a Tito. Por fim, os objetos do arquivo familiar, al?m de serem suspeitos de falsidade, podem ter sido selecionados arbitrariamente para servir aos fins do protagonista. Assim, o narrador acaba por, mais que reconstituir, fundar uma mem?ria da fam?lia, mas o resultado ? problem?tico, uma vez que Tito n?o se mostra um narrador confi?vel.

Submitted by PPG Biologia Celular e Molecular (bcm@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-04T12:33:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DARLAN_GUSSO_DIS.pdf: 1507228 bytes, checksum: e2389f511956dbb64bb7b767d8f73e40 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-19T16:26:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DARLAN_GUSSO_DIS.pdf: 1507228 bytes, checksum: e2389f511956dbb64bb7b767d8f73e40 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-19T16:43:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DARLAN_GUSSO_DIS.pdf: 1507228 bytes, checksum: e2389f511956dbb64bb7b767d8f73e40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of various pathogens. Over the past three years, the world has witnessed epidemics affecting all age groups, such as dengue fever, yellow fever, chikungunya and zika virus. To control and eliminate Aedes vectors responsible for the transmission of these diseases, it is necessary to use larvicides and insecticides such as pyriproxyfen. Pyriproxyfen is a larvicide used to control mosquitoes, mainly of the genus Aedes. This study evaluated the effects of pyriproxyfen on survival, morphology, behavior, and endocrine parameters at different stages of zebrafish development. We have demonstrated that pyriproxyfen can cause changes in the survival rate, behavior and morphology of exposed larvae, adults exposed at the larval stage, and adult offspring of exposed parents. Larvae exposed to pyriproxyfen for 1-96 hpf (hours post-fertilization) showed a decrease in survival rate, heart rate 3 dpf (days post-fertilization), and body length at 5 and 8 dpf. The distance traveled and the mean velocities of the exposed larvae were reduced in comparison to the vehicle group (1% DMSO). Therefore, pyriproxyfen changes the morphology and behavior of zebrafish in early stages of development and may affect the next generations. However, when the exposed larvae were maintained until the adult stage (6 months), we did not observe differences in locomotor parameters. Parental exposure to pyriproxyfen induced decrease in locomotion of zebrafish adult offspring as well as an anxiolytic-like behavior. We also tested pyriproxyfen exposure for 96 hours in adult zebrafish and the locomotion, anxiety, memory and endocrine parameters were analyzed as well as the gene expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). These results showed that there was no significant difference in locomotion, anxiety and endocrine parameters. In addition, there was an impairment of habituation memory in adult zebrafish exposed to pyriproxyfen. Therefore, it is important to control the use of larvicides due to their toxic effects on non-target species. Our findings demonstrated the importance of studies related to the use of larvicides, since they are potential causes of morphological and behavioral alterations in aquatic species, such as zebrafish. / Mosquitos s?o respons?veis pela transmiss?o de v?rios agentes patog?nicos. Nos ?ltimos tr?s anos, o mundo testemunhou epidemias que afetam todas as faixas et?rias, tais como dengue, febre amarela, chikungunya e zika v?rus. Para controlar e eliminar vetores do g?nero Aedes, respons?vel pela transmiss?o destas doen?as, ? necess?rio usar larvicidas e inseticidas como o piriproxifeno. O piriproxifeno ? um larvicida usado para eliminar mosquitos, principalmente do g?nero Aedes. Este estudo avaliou os efeitos do piriproxifeno sobre a sobreviv?ncia, morfologia, comportamento e par?metros end?crinos em diferentes est?gios de desenvolvimento de peixe-zebra. N?s demonstramos que o piriproxifeno pode causar altera??es na taxa de sobreviv?ncia, comportamento e morfologia de larvas expostas, adultos expostos no est?gio larval e descendentes adultos de pais expostos. As larvas expostas ao piriproxifeno durante 1-96 hpf (horas p?s-fertiliza??o) mostraram uma diminui??o na taxa de sobreviv?ncia, frequ?ncia card?aca 3 dpf e comprimento corporal nos 5 e 8 dpf (dias p?s- fertiliza??o). A dist?ncia percorrida e a velocidade m?dia das larvas expostas foram reduzidas em rela??o ao grupo ve?culo (1% de DMSO). Portanto, o piriproxifeno altera a morfologia e o comportamento do peixe-zebra em est?gios iniciais de desenvolvimento e pode afetar as pr?ximas gera??es. No entanto, quando as larvas expostas foram mantidas at? o est?gio adulto (6 meses), n?o observamos diferen?as nos par?metros locomotores. A exposi??o parental ao piriproxifeno induziu uma diminui??o na locomo??o da prole adulta, bem como um comportamento do tipo ansiol?tico. N?s tamb?m avaliamos o efeito da exposi??o ao piriproxifeno em peixe-zebra na fase adulta durante 96 horas sobre a locomo??o, ansiedade, mem?ria e par?metros end?crinos, como express?o g?nica do receptor de glicocorticoide (GR) e fator de libera??o de corticotrofina (CRF). Os resultados demonstraram que n?o houve diferen?a significativa na locomo??o, ansiedade e par?metros end?crinos. Al?m disso, houve um preju?zo da mem?ria de habitua??o do peixe-zebra adulto exposto ? piriproxifeno. Portanto, ? importante controlar o uso de larvicidas devido aos seus efeitos t?xicos em esp?cies n?o-alvo. Nossos achados demonstram a import?ncia de estudos relacionados com a utiliza??o de larvicidas, uma vez que s?o potenciais causadores de altera??es morfol?gicas e comportamentais em esp?cies aqu?ticas, como o peixe-zebra.

Submitted by PPG Biologia Celular e Molecular (bcm@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-24T12:44:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KARINA_VIDARTE_GASPARY_DIS.pdf: 1111674 bytes, checksum: e2b2dc4b1b1eea8b10007b7c07f592ec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-11T17:57:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 KARINA_VIDARTE_GASPARY_DIS.pdf: 1111674 bytes, checksum: e2b2dc4b1b1eea8b10007b7c07f592ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-11T18:03:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KARINA_VIDARTE_GASPARY_DIS.pdf: 1111674 bytes, checksum: e2b2dc4b1b1eea8b10007b7c07f592ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Memory and learning allow animals to adapt and modify their behavior towards new experiences. Some factors may result in memory deficits such as: neurodegenerative diseases, changes due to intoxication and the use of drugs. Zebrafish can be used to model complex human behavioral traits such as learning and memory. This study aims to establish a protocol for evaluating the object recognition memory or object location tasks in zebrafish. We evaluated novel object recognition memory and analyzed the exploration time of novel and familiar objects in the training and test sessions. There was a preference of the animal to explore the new object in comparison to the familiar object (61% of exploration time). We also evaluated the object location task and measured the exploration time of each object in the familiar and novel object locations. There was a preference of the animal to explore the object in the novel location in comparison to the object in the familiar location (63% of exploration time). We also evaluated the effect of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 on the object recognition and object location memory in zebrafish. In this regimen treatment, control (water only) and treated animals (5 ?M MK-801) presented a significant preference in exploring the familiar object in comparison to the new object (66 and 68% of exploration time, respectively); however, 10 ?M MK-801-treated animals did not show differences in the exploration time of the objects. In the object location task, the animals treated with the 5 or 10 ?M MK-801 did not show a significant preference for the familiar or novel location whereas the control group had a higher preference in exploring the object in the familiar location (64% of exploration time). Therefore, it is possible to suggest that 5 ?M MK-801 impaired the memory formation in an object location task, which is in agreement with previous studies demonstrating the cognitive deficit induced by MK-801 treatment in aversive and spatial memory. Considering the different responses of the control group between original task and in the regimen treatment, we evaluated the impact of habituation on cortisol levels of animals in three different protocols: 1) habituated at the experiment apparatus for 3 days (Condition 1 ? C1), 2) habituated at the experiment apparatus for 3 days plus treatment tank exposure at fourth day (Condition 2 - C2), 3) habituated at the treatment tank exposure and experiment apparatus for 3 days and exposed to treatment tank again at fourth day (Condition 3 ? C3). The results showed higher levels of cortisol in animals submitted to C2 and C3 conditions compared to animals submitted to C1. These results demonstrated that the animals submitted to treatment tank exposure have a different performance in object recognition and object location memory due to stress responses. Therefore, these tasks are prone to evaluate memory in physiological and pathological conditions, but its use is limited to perform pharmacological studies due to sensitivity to stress caused by manipulation. / A mem?ria permite que os animais possam adaptar e modificar seu comportamento diante de novas experi?ncias. Uma s?rie de fatores pode resultar num d?ficit de mem?ria como: doen?as neurodegenerativas, altera??es decorrentes de intoxica??es e uso de f?rmacos. O peixe-zebra vem sendo usado para modelar caracter?sticas comportamentais humanas complexas, como o aprendizado e mem?ria. Este estudo tem como objetivo estabelecer um protocolo para avaliar tarefas de mem?ria de reconhecimento de objetos ou de localiza??o de objetos no peixe-zebra. N?s avaliamos a mem?ria de reconhecimento de objeto novo e analisamos o tempo de explora??o de objetos novos e familiares nas sess?es de treino e teste. Houve uma prefer?ncia do animal em explorar o novo objeto em compara??o com o objeto familiar (61% do tempo de explora??o). Tamb?m avaliamos a tarefa de localiza??o de objeto e medimos o tempo de explora??o de cada objeto nos locais familiares e novos. Houve uma prefer?ncia do animal para explorar o objeto na localiza??o nova em compara??o com o objeto na localiza??o familiar (63% do tempo de explora??o). Tamb?m avaliamos o efeito do antagonista n?o competitivo do receptor NMDA MK-801 na mem?ria de reconhecimento de objeto novo e na localiza??o de objeto em peixe-zebra. Neste tratamento, o controle (somente ?gua) e os animais tratados (MK-801 5 ?M) apresentaram uma prefer?ncia significativa na explora??o do objeto familiar em compara??o com o novo objeto (66 e 68% do tempo de explora??o, respectivamente); no entanto, animais tratados com MK-801 10 ?M n?o mostraram diferen?as no tempo de explora??o dos objetos. Na tarefa de localiza??o de objeto, os animais tratados com MK-801 5 ou 10 ?M n?o mostraram prefer?ncia significativa pelo objeto na localiza??o familiar ou nova, enquanto que o grupo controle teve uma prefer?ncia maior em explorar o objeto na localiza??o familiar (64% de tempo de explora??o). Portanto, sugere-se que o MK-801 5 ?M prejudicou a forma??o da mem?ria em uma tarefa de localiza??o de objeto, o que est? de acordo com estudos pr?vios, demonstrando o d?ficit cognitivo induzido pelo MK-801 em mem?rias aversivas ou espaciais. Considerando as diferentes respostas do grupo controle entre a tarefa original e no tratamento, avaliamos o impacto da habitua??o nos n?veis de cortisol dos animais em tr?s protocolos diferentes: 1) habituado ao aparato experimental por 3 dias (Condi??o 1 - C1) 2) habituado ao aparato experimental por 3 dias mais a exposi??o ao aqu?rio de tratamento no quarto dia (Condi??o 2 - C2), 3) habituado na exposi??o ao aqu?rio de tratamento e no aparato experimental por 3 dias e exposto ao aqu?rio de tratamento novamente no quarto dia (Condi??o 3 - C3). Os resultados mostraram n?veis mais elevados de cortisol em animais submetidos a condi??es C2 e C3 em compara??o com animais submetidos a C1. Esses resultados demonstraram que os animais submetidos ? exposi??o ao aqu?rio de tratamento apresentam desempenho diferente nas tarefas de mem?ria de reconhecimento de objetos e de localiza??o do objeto devido ao estresse. Portanto, essas tarefas s?o adequadas para avaliar a mem?ria em condi??es fisiol?gicas e patol?gicas, mas seu uso ? limitado em estudos farmacol?gicos devido ? sensibilidade ao estresse causado pela manipula??o.