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A 4/3-approximation for Minimum Weight Edge CoverSteven Alec Gallagher (8708778) 17 April 2020 (has links)
This paper addresses the minimum weight edge cover problem (MEC), which is stated as follows: Given a graph <i>G= (V,E)</i>, find a set of edges <i>S:S⊆E </i>and ∑<sub>e∈S</sub><sup>w(e) </sup></∑<sub>e∈Q<sup>w(e)</sup>∀Q: Q is an edge cover. Where an edge cover <i>P</i> is a set of edges such that ∀v∈V <i>v</i> is incident to at least one edge in <i>P</i>. An efficient implementation of a 4/3-approximation for MEC is provided. Empirical results obtained experimentally from practical data sets are reported and compared against various other approximation algorithms for MEC.<br>
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Interface mem?ria e comunica??o - da pr?xis ao ontol?gico : um (re)dimensionar da mem?ria na comunica??o a partir do contexto organizacionalAndreoni, Renata 27 March 2018 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2018-03-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / (Re) Thinking about the memory and communication interface, based on the assumptions of the New Theory of Communication - NTC (MARCONDES FILHO, 2013a; 2013b; 2010a; 2010b; 2008; 2004) and the Philosophy of Henri Bergson (2006; 2005a; 2005b; 1999); 1988) is the journey we propose in this research. To accomplish this, in the light of complex thinking (MORIN, 2015a, 2015b, 2013, 2008), we set three objectives: To critically discuss the proposed interfaces between memory and communication, under the organizational memory configuration; to show possible dimensions that reveal how the organizational memory is configured, considering the academic propositions and their practices in the companies; (re) dimensioning the memory in the Communication, in addition to an instrumental approach. These objectives are designed to help us understand the landscapes that unveil at each step. The first landscape of this course is constituted by a critical and complex perspective of the praxis of academic productions and actions of different organizations on possible interfaces between memory and communication. For this, we consider the configuration of organizational memory, under which we show the predominance of the functional communication approach (SODR?, 2014a). In the second landscape we intertwine the NTC with the Bergsonian philosophical thought, constituting an ontological path for understanding memory in Communication. It is a theoretical study, in which we defend the thesis that the interface memory and communication can be established beyond a transmissive and instrumental relationship. Our efforts are aimed at developing an awareness to (re) think the communicational approach, having memory as a ubiquitous dimension in the relationships we establish in the continuous and indeterminate movement of life (I / Other). / (Re) penser l?interface m?moire et communication, ? partir des hypoth?ses de la Nouvelle Th?orie de la Communication - NTC (MARCONDES FILHO, 2013e; 2013b; 2010a; 2010b; 2008; 2004) et de la Philosophie de Henri Bergson (2006, 2005a; 2005b; 1999 1988) est le parcours que nous proposons dans cette recherche. Pour ce faire, ? la lumi?re de la pens?e complexe (Morin, 2015e; 2015b; 2013; 2008), nous avons ?tabli trois objectifs: discuter de fa?on critique les interfaces propos?es entre la m?moire et la communication, dans la configuration de la m?moire organisationnelle; mettre en ?vidence les dimensions possibles qui r?v?lent la constituition de la m?moire organisationnelle, en consid?rant les propositions acad?miques et leurs pratiques dans les entreprises; (re) dimensionner la m?moire dans la Communication, en plus d'une approche instrumentale. Ces objectifs sont con?us pour nous aider ? comprendre les paysages qui se d?roulent ? chaque ?tape. Le premier paysage de ce parcours se compose d'une perspective critique et complexe de la praxis des productions acad?miques et les actions des diff?rentes organisations sur les possibles interfaces entre la m?moire et de la communication. Pour cela, nous consid?rons la configuration de la m?moire organisationnelle, sous laquelle nous montrons la pr?dominance de l'approche de la communication fonctionnelle (SODR?, 2014a). Le second paysage parcourut d?veloppe une (re) tessiture entre la NTC et la pens?e bergsonienne, ce qui constitue un chemin ontologique ? la compr?hension de la m?moire en Communication. Il s?agit d?une ?tude th?orique dans laquelle nous soutenons la th?se, selon laquelle, l?interface m?moire et communication peut s'?tablir au-del? d'une relation transmissible et instrumentale. Nos efforts visent ? d?velopper une prise de conscience pour (re) penser l'approche communicative, ayant la m?moire comme dimension omnipr?sente dans les relations ?tablies dans le mouvement continu et ind?termin? de la vie (Moi/ Autre). / (Re)Pensar a interface mem?ria e comunica??o, partindo dos pressupostos da Nova Teoria da Comunica??o ? NTC (MARCONDES FILHO, 2013a; 2013b; 2010a; 2010b; 2008; 2004) e da Filosofia de Henri Bergson (2006; 2005a; 2005b; 1999; 1988), ? a jornada que propomos nesta pesquisa. Para realiz?-la, ? luz do pensamento complexo (MORIN, 2015a; 2015b; 2013; 2008), estabelecemos tr?s objetivos: discutir criticamente as interfaces propostas entre mem?ria e comunica??o, sob a configura??o da mem?ria organizacional; evidenciar poss?veis dimens?es que revelam como se configura a mem?ria organizacional, considerando as proposi??es acad?micas e suas pr?ticas nas empresas; e (re)dimensionar a mem?ria na Comunica??o para al?m de uma abordagem instrumental. Esses objetivos s?o tra?ados para nos auxiliarem a compreender as paisagens que se descortinam a cada passo. A primeira paisagem deste percurso ? constitu?da por uma perspectiva cr?tica e complexa da pr?xis de produ??es acad?micas e de a??es de diferentes organiza??es sobre poss?veis interfaces entre mem?ria e comunica??o. Para tanto, consideramos a configura??o da mem?ria organizacional, sob a qual evidenciamos o predom?nio da abordagem da comunica??o funcional (SODR?, 2014a). Na segunda paisagem percorrida, desenvolvemos uma (re)tecitura entre a NTC e o pensamento bergsoniano, constituindo um caminho ontol?gico para a compreens?o da mem?ria na Comunica??o. Trata-se de um estudo te?rico, no qual defendemos a tese que a interface mem?ria e comunica??o pode se estabelecer para al?m de uma rela??o transmissiva e instrumental. Nossos esfor?os s?o destinados ao desenvolvimento de uma consci?ncia para (re)pensarmos a abordagem comunicacional, tendo a mem?ria como dimens?o onipresente nas rela??es que estabelecemos no movimento cont?nuo e indeterminado da vida (Eu/Outro).
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A mem?ria individual e a mem?ria coletiva nas cr?nicas de origem cascudianas dos anos 20Madeiro, L?dja Lorena Ferreira da Cruz 28 July 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-07-28 / O presente trabalho analisa as Cr?nicas de Origem, de C?mara Cascudo, livro organizado pelo professor da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Raimundo Arrais, que tem como objeto de estudo a cidade de Natal nas cr?nicas cascudianas dos anos 20. A pesquisa tem por objetivo geral analisar a mem?ria individual e a mem?ria coletiva no conjunto de cr?nicas que Lu?s da C?mara Cascudo publicou na imprensa da cidade de Natal ao longo da d?cada de 20 do s?culo passado, visando mostrar a relev?ncia dessa obra de Cascudo n?o s? para Natal e para o Rio Grande do Norte, mas tamb?m para diversos pa?ses e de examinar a rela??o que Cascudo tinha com os seus conterr?neos, que se tornava singular gra?as as afinidades permitidas pelas mem?rias comuns aos interlocutores. Nessa dire??o, para a an?lise espec?fica da representa??o da mem?ria individual e da mem?ria coletiva nas cr?nicas em estudo, temos como aporte te?rico as sistematiza??es do pensamento cr?tico de Halbwachs (2006), Bosi (1976), Le Goff (1996). No que diz respeito ?s quest?es acerca da Tradi??o, tomamos como fundamenta??o o pensamento de Borheim (1987), de Santiago (2002) e de Benjamim (2012). Sobre a autofic??o, recorremos ?s discuss?es de Lejeune (2008). O trabalho n?o ? baseado apenas nesses autores, por?m eles s?o a ?ncora que fundamenta, no geral, toda a pesquisa. Interessa-nos perceber como as mem?rias individuais e as mem?rias sociais se articulam entre si, considerando que a literatura combina e cria a realidade. / The present masters dissertation analyzes ?Cr?nicas de Origem?, from C?mara Cascudo, book organized by Raimundo Arrais, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte professor, which has as study object Natal City in Cascudo?s Chronicles at 20s. The research has as general ob-jective to analyze the individual and collective memory inside Lu?s da C?mara Cascudo Chronicles published in Natal Town Press throughout the 20 decade at the last century, aim-ing to show the Cascudo?s research relevance not only for Natal and Rio Grande do Norte, but also for various countries and examine the relationship Cascudo had with their countrymen, which became singular because of allowed affinities by common memories from informants. In this direction, for the individual and collective memory representation specific analysis in the Chronicles, we have as theoretical supply the systematizations of critical thinking from Halbwachs (2006), Bosi (1976) and Le Goff (1996). With regard to tradition questions, we support as justification Borheim (1987), Santiago (2002) and Benjamin (2012) thoughts. About autofiction, we resort to Lejeune (2008) discussions. The dissertation is not based just on these authors, however they are the basis, in General, for all the research. We are interested in understanding how the individual and social memories fit together with each other, whereas the literature combines and creates the reality.
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Elabora??o e validade do teste de rastreio de doen?a da Alzheimer com prov?rbios (TRDAP) para indiv?duos a partir de sessenta anosSantos, Mauric?a Tab?sa Ferreira 25 September 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-09-25 / A escassez de instrumentos para a avalia??o e a triagem da doen?a de Alzheimer, (DA), notadamente denominados de rastreio, com caracter?sticas de padroniza??o e validados para o Nordeste, motivou este Estudo. Visando ? triagem de uma etapa mais leve da doen?a e encaminhamento precoce ao tratamento multidisciplinar foi elaborado o Teste de Rastreio da Doen?a de Alzheimer com Prov?rbios (TRDAP), a partir de um Jogo de Mem?ria de Prov?rbios, constru?do como recurso terap?utico ocupacional. Est? composto de tr?s etapas conforme a fun??o neuropsicol?gica avaliada, a A (mem?ria de curto prazo), B (fun??es executivas e linguagem) e C (mem?ria epis?dica), al?m do reconhecimento de prov?rbios. O Estudo foi realizado em uma amostra de conveni?ncia, com 91 idosos (28 DA e 63 controles), a partir de 60 anos, com um ou mais anos de escolaridade. Foram controladas as vari?veis, como doen?as intercorrentes ou d?ficits sensoriais que pudessem comprometer o desempenho dos pacientes, nos testes. O protocolo constou de oito testes selecionados por especialistas: Miniexame do Estado Mental (para validade convergente), Escala de Depress?o Geri?trica EDG (validade discriminante), Lista de Palavras, Flu?ncia Verbal, Span de D?gitos, Figura Neuropsi, Teste do Rel?gio, Atividade de Vida Di?ria e Instrumental. Os resultados confirmaram a validade de construto convergente e discriminante, assim como a rela??o significativa (p<0,005) com todos os testes, exceto com o EDG. Quanto ? validade concorrente, n?o houve discord?ncia com o crit?rio da avalia??o m?dica observou-se consist?ncia interna aceit?vel, conferindo confiabilidade no instrumento, o que n?o ocorreu com MEEM. Tais resultados permitem afirmar que o TRDAP possui caracter?sticas psicom?tricas, adequadas ao rastreio da fase leve da DA para popula??o estudada
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Estampa temporal na mem?ria de reconhecimento em estudantes universit?riosBarbosa, Fl?vio Freitas 13 April 2007 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2007-04-13 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Several studies have shown that there is a circadian modulation of explicit memory. This modulation can occur independently in each one of the mnemonic processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of time of training on short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM), using a recognition task. Moreover, a possible circadian modulation in retrieving was investigated when this process matched the acquisition hour (time stamp). The chronotype variable was also considered. Fifty-seven undergraduate students aging between 18 and 25 years (21,72 ? 2,14; 28 ♂) participated in this study. In the training phase (acquisition) the subjects heard a ten word list. Following this, they answered a recognition test to evaluate STM and one week later they answered a recognition test to evaluate LTM. In each chronotype, the subjects were divided in groups according to the training hour, part of them in the morning and the other in the afternoon. One week later some of the subjects in each group underwent LTM testing in the morning and others in the afternoon. When the subjects performances were analyzed together, independently of the chronotypes, a training hour effect was found in the LTM. The subjects trained in the afternoon had better performance. No time of day effect was found in the STM and in retrieving from the LTM. However, the morning types who were trained and tested in the same hour had a better performance in the LTM when compared to morning types trained and tested in different hours. This effect did not occur when the other chronotypes were analyzed. The circadian modulation seems to occur at least in two different ways. First, there is a circadian modulation in the acquisition/consolidation processes, with a better performance occuring in the afternoon. Secondly, there is a modulation in the retrieval mnemonic process, called time stamp phenomenon. This phenomenon, that occurred in the morning types, is showed for the first time in humans / Na literatura h? diversas evid?ncias da modula??o circadiana na mem?ria expl?cita. Essa modula??o pode acontecer de forma independente em cada um dos processos mnem?nicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do hor?rio do dia sobre o desempenho da mem?ria de curto-prazo (MCP) e de longo-prazo (MLP), utilizando testes de reconhecimento de palavras. Al?m disso, foi investigada uma poss?vel modula??o na evoca??o quando esta ocorria no mesmo hor?rio da aquisi??o (estampa temporal), levando em considera??o a vari?vel cronotipo. Participaram do estudo 57 estudantes universit?rios, sendo 28 homens, entre 18 e 25 anos (21,72 ? 2,14). No treino (aquisi??o), os sujeitos escutaram uma lista de dez palavras. Logo a seguir, realizaram um teste de reconhecimento para avaliar a MCP e uma semana depois, realizaram um teste de reconhecimento para avaliar a MLP. Em cada um dos cronotipos, os sujeitos foram divididos em grupos conforme o hor?rio de realiza??o do treino da tarefa, parte pela manh? e a outra parte pela tarde. Uma semana depois parte dos sujeitos em cada um dos grupos realizou o teste para MLP pela manh? e outra pela tarde. Quando o desempenho dos sujeitos foi analisado conjuntamente, independente da classifica??o do cronotipo, foi encontrado um efeito do hor?rio da aprendizagem na MLP, tendo melhor desempenho os sujeito que foram treinados pela tarde. N?o foi evidenciado um efeito do hor?rio na MCP e na evoca??o da MLP. No entanto, os matutinos que foram treinados e testados no mesmo hor?rio tiveram um melhor desempenho do que os matutinos que foram treinados e testados em hor?rio diferentes. Esse fen?meno n?o foi encontrado nos outros cronotipos. A modula??o circadiana na mem?ria de reconhecimento parece ocorrer de pelo menos duas formas distintas. A primeira, no hor?rio da aquisi??o/consolida??o, tendo o hor?rio da tarde uma superioridade em rela??o ao da manh?. E a outra de acordo com o hor?rio em que ocorre a evoca??o (estampa temporal), tendo sido pela primeira vez demonstrado esse fen?meno em seres humanos, ainda que apenas nos matutinos
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O Partido Comunista (1922-1962): lugar de mem?ria, espa?o de disputaSouza, Vital Nogueira de 27 March 2007 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2007-03-27 / This work studies the dispute by Party Communist s memory in Brazil during and after division which it resulted in the appearance of two parties entitled communists, in the brazilian political context, in the final of the fifties and beginning of the sixties: the Brazilian Communist Party (in Portuguese, Partido Comunista Brasileiro) and the Communist Party of Brazil (in portuguese, Partido Comunista do Brasil). Along of yours three chapters, the author tries to answer some questions as: what were the elements which constituted the Communist Party s memory, in the period from 1922 to 1956? At which moment did this memory pass to be fiercely contested? Who and which documents reveal this? How did it happen the dispute by this memory? The approach to topic consider which the production of memory by Communist Party and the dispute for your possession by communists of PCB and of PCdoB happened in scope of national reality and of party, spaces notions understand from concept of memory developed for authors as Halbwachs, Le Goff, Pollack and Pierre Nora. To explain the objectives of historical research it has used as methodology the exam and the interpretation of documentary and bibliographical sources, with priority for the party s documents then it was depicted a collective interpretation about the events considered more importants. The sites of Partido Comunista do Brasil (www.pcdob.org.br or vermelho.org.br) and of Partido Popular Socialista (www.pps.org.br) also went consulted / Este trabalho estuda a disputa pela mem?ria do Partido Comunista no Brasil durante e depois da cis?o que resultou no aparecimento de duas agremia??es intituladas comunistas, no cen?rio pol?tico brasileiro, no final da d?cada de 1950 e in?cio dos anos de 1960: o Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB) e Partido Comunista do Brasil (PCdoB). Ao longo de seus tr?s cap?tulos, o autor tenta responder quest?es como: quais os elementos que constitu?ram a mem?ria do Partido Comunista, no per?odo de 1922 a 1956? Em que momento essa mem?ria passou a ser disputada, por quem e quais documentos revelam isso? Como aconteceu essa disputa pela mem?ria? A abordagem do tema considera que a produ??o da mem?ria pelo Partido Comunista e a disputa por sua apropria??o pelos comunistas do PCB e do PCdoB aconteceram no ?mbito da realidade nacional e partid?ria, no??es espaciais compreens?veis a partir do conceito de mem?ria desenvolvido por autores como Halbwachs, Le Goff, Pollack, e Pierre Nora. Para dar conta dos objetivos da pesquisa hist?rica foi utilizado como metodologia o exame e a interpreta??o de fontes documentais e bibliogr?ficas, com prioridade para os documentos partid?rios que representavam uma interpreta??o coletiva sobre os acontecimentos considerados mais relevantes. Os sites do Partido Comunista do Brasil (www.pcdob.org.br ou vermelho.org.br) e do Partido Popular Socialista (www.pps.org.br) tamb?m foram consultados
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Dizajn i minimizacija rekurzivnih Bulovih formula za memristivna logička kola / Logic design and minimization of recursive Boolean formulas for memristive circuitsTeodorović Predrag 02 July 2014 (has links)
<p>U radu je razmatran problem dizajna i minimizacije rekurzivne<br />Bulove formule konstruisane za proizvoljnu Bulovu funkciju y:BN<br />→B.<br />U cilju rešavanja ovog problema, predstavljene su dve algoritamske<br />heuristike za minimizaciju rekurzivne Bulove formule. Minimizacija<br />rekurzivne Bulove formule vrši se korišćenjem regularnih poredaka<br />pozitivnih proizvod termova. U disertaciji je dokazano kako je ova<br />regularnost poredaka zapravo potreban i dovoljan uslov da željena<br />Bulova funcija y bude korektno predstavljena rekurzivnom Bulovom<br />formulom konstruisanom na osnovu tih poredaka. Pokazano je i kako<br />predstavljeni algoritmi daju bolje rezultate za veći broj instanci<br />problema u poređenju sa algoritmima dostupnim u literaturi.</p> / <p>In this thesis, the problem of design and minimization of recursive Boolean<br />formula, based on an arbitrary Boolean function y:BN<br />→B , is considered. As a<br />solution of a problem, two heuristic algorithms that minimize the length of<br />recursive Boolean formula, were presented. Minimization, itself, is done by<br />using regular orders of positive product terms. In the thesis it was proved that<br />the regularity of orders represents necessary and sufficient condition for<br />correct representation of Boolean function y by recursive Boolean formula<br />based on such regular order. Developed algorithms are compared with other<br />heuristic algorithms for recursive Boolean formula minimization, available in<br />the literature, and it is shown how algorithms proposed in this thesis provide<br />better results for more problem instances.</p>
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Educa??o e mem?ria do sofrimento em T. W. AdornoSavi Neto, Pedro Savi 24 February 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The present thesis aims at the adequate understanding of the memory duty from the
categorical imperative formulated by T.W. Adorno, that events like Auschwitz
mustn?t be repeated, as an educational foundation for the de-barbarization of society
from its fundamental dimension: the subject. For this, the research starts from the
analysis of bourgeois society as a social organization that appropriated and reinforced
the logic of domination of nature to structure a society managed by economic interests
and marked by the coldness in personal relations. The context in which the
pedagogical character of the memory of suffering does not find its place in human
development, reduced to mere training for the labor market, of two fundamental
dimensions: negativity and mimesis. The research goes through the understanding of
the negative moral philosophy of Adorno exposed relationally with the moral
philosophy of Kant, with the purpose of explaining the type of moral conscience that
must be formed by the education to resist the barbarism. Memory raised to the moral
category is not confused with history; memory is related to the perspective to face
history, a political position in front of history, committed to the past suffering erected
to the condition of foundation to think the moral philosophy and, consequently, to
define the values that humanity understands fundamental to conserve to the future
generations. The constant presence of barbarism in the history of mankind is analyzed
from the critique of the conception of history as progress, present in Hegel's
philosophy. The educational importance of the elaboration of the past is founded with
support in the work of Reyes Mate. From these theoretical-philosophical elements, the
duty of memory is defended as an ethical stance and political conviction necessary to
enable the construction of a just society from an education committed to an adequate
understanding of the causes that have made possible so much suffering in the past and
that remain present in the world to enable a different future. The thesis, then, is that
the humanization of the human, understood as the main objective of the educational
process, only occurs when the memory of suffering is the basis of its structuring. / A presente tese tem como objetivo a compreens?o adequada do dever de mem?ria a partir do imperativo categ?rico formulado por T.W. Adorno, de que eventos como Auschwitz n?o se repitam, como fundamento educacional para a desbarbariza??o da sociedade a partir de sua dimens?o fundamental: o sujeito. Para tanto, a pesquisa parte da an?lise da sociedade burguesa, enquanto organiza??o social que se apropriou e
refor?ou a l?gica de domina??o da natureza para estruturar uma sociedade administrada pelos interesse econ?micos e marcada pela frieza nas rela??es pessoais. Contexto no qual, o car?ter pedag?gico da mem?ria do sofrimento n?o encontra lugar pelo n?o desenvolvimento na forma??o humana, reduzida a mero treinamento para o mercado de trabalho, de duas dimens?es fundamentais: negatividade e mimese. A
pesquisa passa pela compreens?o da filosofia moral negativa de Adorno exposta de forma relacional com a filosofia moral de Kant, com o objetivo de explicitar o tipo de consci?ncia moral que deve ser formado pela educa??o para resistir ? barb?rie. A mem?ria elevada ? categoria moral n?o se confunde com a hist?ria; a mem?ria est? relacionada ? perspectiva para encarar a hist?ria, uma posi??o pol?tica diante da hist?ria, comprometida com o sofrimento passado erigido ? condi??o de fundamento para pensar a filosofia moral e, por consequ?ncia, definir os valores que a humanidade entende fundamentais para conservar ?s gera??es futuras. A presen?a constante da barb?rie na hist?ria da humanidade ? analisada a partir da cr?tica ? concep??o de hist?ria como progresso, presente na filosofia de Hegel. A import?ncia educacional da elabora??o do passado ? fundamentada com apoio na obra de Reyes Mate. A partir desses elementos te?rico-filos?ficos, o dever de mem?ria ? defendido como postura ?tica e convic??o pol?tica necess?ria para viabilizar a constru??o de uma sociedade justa a partir de uma educa??o comprometida com a adequada compreens?o das causas que possibilitaram tanto sofrimento no passado e que permanecem presentes no mundo para possibilitar um futuro diferente. A tese, ent?o, ? de que a humaniza??o do humano, entendida como objetivo principal do processo educacional, somente se d? quando a mem?ria do sofrimento est? na base de sua estrutura??o.
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Livros da Vida: Mem?rias das crian?as e/em pr?ticas pedag?gicas na Educa??o Infantil / Books of Life: Children's Memories and Pedagogical Practices in Early Childhood EducationRabelo, Gabriela Moreira 16 February 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-02-16 / This research aimed to analyze the contributions of the Book of Life as an instrument mediating the memory of children about their experiences in school. The specific objectives were (i) Identify the forms of production and use of the Book of Life in the daily life of a class of Early Childhood Education; (ii) Analyze the measure of students participation in the production of the Book of Life; (iii) Analyze what kind of content the handling of the Book of Life allows to children remember about their school experiences and (iv) To analyze if in these remembered contents there is prevalence of affective or cognitive aspects. The Book of Life is a pedagogical practice proposed by C?lestin Freinet that is a class book where the students record their impressions and discoveries about themselves and their school life, by their own initiative or by a directed way. The locus of the investigative work was a Kindergarten class. The production of empirical research was made from: (i) Observation the production of the Book of Life, focusing on the activities proposed in this paper; (ii) Interview with the teacher and (iii) Interviews with the children; The methodological procedures were videotaped. The material was analyzed from contributions of the Historical-cultural theory on mediated memory, its social constitution and its importance in the establishment of children's relations with school and with pedagogical practices. After analyzing, we conclude that the Book of Life in the hands of children, becomes an instrument that represent memory and teaching. The book becomes a document of memory and can act as a teaching tool, since it was built in a historical way (within a school year) and was contextualized through the activities that were elaborated within the social context of these children, thus enabling , The transformation of images into memories and feelings, transforming these external signs into internal processes, thus being memorized. / Esta pesquisa de Mestrado teve como objetivo analisar as contribui??es do Livro da Vida, como instrumento mediador da mem?ria das crian?as sobre suas viv?ncias no cotidiano escolar. Os objetivos espec?ficos foram (i) identificar os modos de produ??o e uso do Livro da Vida no cotidiano de uma turma de Educa??o Infantil; (ii) analisar o grau de participa??o dos alunos na produ??o do Livro da Vida; (iii) analisar que tipo de conte?do o manejo do Livro da Vida permite ?s crian?as recordarem-se sobre suas viv?ncias escolares e (iv) analisar se nestes conte?dos recordados h? preval?ncia de aspectos afetivos ou cognitivos. O Livro da Vida ? uma pr?tica pedag?gica proposta por C?lestin Freinet, a partir da qual, em um caderno da turma, os alunos registram suas impress?es e descobertas sobre si e sobre o seu cotidiano escolar, por iniciativa pr?pria e/ou de forma dirigida. O l?cus do trabalho investigativo foi uma turma de Educa??o Infantil. A produ??o da pesquisa emp?rica foi realizada atrav?s de: (i) observa??o da produ??o do Livro da Vida, focalizando-se as atividades propostas neste trabalho; (ii) entrevista com a professora e (iii) entrevistas com parte de seus alunos (cinco); a realiza??o dos procedimentos metodol?gicos foi v?deo filmada. O material foi analisado a partir dos aportes da teoria Hist?rico-cultural sobre a mem?ria mediada, sua constitui??o social e sua import?ncia no estabelecimento das rela??es das crian?as com a escola e com as pr?ticas pedag?gicas. Ap?s as an?lises chegamos ? conclus?o que o Livro da Vida nas m?os das crian?as, se transforma em instrumento de materializa??o, de representa??o, de mem?ria e de ensino. O Livro se transforma em um documento de mem?ria e pode agir como instrumento de ensino, pois foi constru?do de forma hist?rica (dentro de um ano letivo escolar) e foi sendo contextualizado atrav?s das atividades que foram elaboradas dentro do contexto social dessas crian?as, possibilitando assim, a transforma??o de imagens em lembran?as e sentimentos, transformando esses signos externos em processos internos, sendo assim memorizados.
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Um estudo comparativo da micro e da macroestrutura de narrativas orais na les?o de hemisf?rio esquerdo e direito e sua rela??o com volumetria cerebralSchneider, Fernanda 31 October 2018 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2018-10-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This research aims to analyze the micro and macrostructure in the oral production of three narratives, produced from a sequence of pictures, comparing the performance of participants with right hemisphere damage (RHD) and participants with left hemisphere damage (LHD) with the performance of control groups. Furthermore, the linguistic analysis was related to data of memory constructs (working and semantic), reading and writing habits and brain volumetry. The research is divided into Study 1 and Study 2. For Study 1, 32 adult participants who suffered ischemic stroke were selected (with a minimum of four months before collection) to compose the experimental group ? 16 participants in LHD and 16 participants in RHD aged between 50 to 79, with a minimum of two and maximum of 12 years of schooling; and 16 participants within the health control (CG), paired in age and schooling with the clinics. From these, 10 participants of each group ? capable to perform magnetic resonance imaging exams ? were selected to make part of Study 2, which relates data from neuropsychological and linguistic tasks to data from structural neuroimaging ? known as Voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Inferential analysis in Study 1 showed that post-stroke writing and naming variables influenced significantly the performance in the micro and macrostructure, with the clinical group obtaining a statistically inferior result in the microstructure in relation to the CG. In relation to the macrostructure, there was also a significant correlation in the Digit span (working memory) in the three groups, but without statistical difference between the groups. In Study 2, LHD performance was significantly lower in the microstructure compared to RHD and CG. In the microstructure, in Study 2, the brain regions were grouped into four major components (CP). Thus, in the inferential analysis, all the main components of the brain areas (CP1, CP2, CP3 and CP4) showed a correlation with the microstructure variable, as well as significantly correlated post-stroke writing and naming variables. In the macrostructure, in Study 2, the variables that presented a statistically significant effect were GLH, writing habits after stroke, working memory and interaction between GLH variables and one of the main components of brain area (CP3). The parahippocampal area of the RH showed a correlation with CP3, which implies that this region significantly differentiates LHD from RHD in macrostructure processing. Thus, based on the analyzes and discussions proposed in the study, it was intended to contribute to the understanding of micro and macrostructure characterization in the production of oral narratives in right hemisphere and left hemisphere lesions and their correlation with
cognitive constructs, more specifically of working memory and semantics and volume of brain areas involved. The work sought to advance in the discussion surrounding hemispheric specialization for the processing of oral discourse, especially of narratives, for the benefit of future research and clinical intervention. / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o processamento da micro e da macroestrutura na produ??o oral de tr?s narrativas, produzidas a partir de sequ?ncia de figuras, comparando o desempenho de participantes com les?o de hemisf?rio esquerdo (LHE) e participantes com les?o de hemisf?rio direito (LHD), com a de controles. Outrossim, a an?lise lingu?stica foi relacionada a dados de construtos de mem?ria (de trabalho e sem?ntica), h?bitos de leitura e escrita e de volumetria cerebral. A pesquisa foi dividida em Estudo 1 e Estudo 2. Para o Estudo 1, foram selecionados 32 participantes adultos que sofreram acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) isqu?mico - 16 participantes no GLHE e 16 participantes no GLHD - entre 50 e 79 anos, com m?nimo de 2 e m?ximo 12 anos de escolaridade; 16 participantes saud?veis controles (GC), pareados por idade e escolaridade com os cl?nicos. Desses, 10 participantes de cada grupo foram selecionados para fazerem parte do Estudo 2, em que se relacionaram os dados das tarefas neuropsicol?gicas e lingu?sticas a dados da neuroimagem estrutural de morfometria baseada em voxel (em ingl?s, Voxel-based morphometry - VBM). A an?lise inferencial mostrou, no Estudo 1, que as vari?veis escrita p?s-AVC e nomea??o influenciaram de modo significativo o desempenho na micro e na macroestrutura com o grupo cl?nico obtendo resultado estatisticamente inferior na microestrutura em rela??o ao GC. Em rela??o ? macroestrutura, houve uma correla??o significativa tamb?m no Digit span (mem?ria de trabalho) nos tr?s grupos, por?m sem diferen?a estat?stica entre os grupos. No Estudo 2, a performance do GLHE foi significativamente inferior na microestrutura em compara??o com GLHD e GC. Na microestrutura do Estudo 2, as regi?es cerebrais foram agrupadas em quatro componentes principais (CP). Assim, na an?lise inferencial, todos os componentes principais das ?reas cerebrais (CP1, CP2, CP3 e CP4) apresentaram correla??o com a vari?vel microestrutura, assim como correlacionaram significativamente as vari?veis escrita p?sAVC e nomea??o. Na macroestrutura, do Estudo 2, as vari?veis que apresentaram efeito estatisticamente significativo foram GLHE, h?bitos de escrita posteriores ao AVC, mem?ria de trabalho e a intera??o entre as vari?veis GLHE e um dos componentes principais de ?rea cerebral (CP3). A ?rea parahipocampal do HD demonstrou correla??o com o CP3, o que implica afirmar que essa regi?o diferencia significativamente o GLHE do GLHD quanto ao processamento da macroestrutura. Assim, a partir das an?lises e discuss?es propostas no estudo, pretendeu-se contribuir para a compreens?o da caracteriza??o da micro e da macroestrutura na produ??o de narrativas orais na les?o de HD e HE e sua correla??o com construtos cognitivos, mais especificamente da mem?ria de trabalho e sem?ntica, e volume de ?reas cerebrais implicadas. Procurou-se avan?ar na discuss?o sobre a especializa??o hemisf?rica para o processamento do discurso oral, em especial de narrativas, para benef?cio de pesquisas futuras e de interven??es cl?nicas.
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