No description available.

Ce mémoire s’intéresse à la prévention des accidents liés à la petite enfance au Moyen-Âge. Par l’étude de trois compilations de miracula, nous analyserons la thématique de l’enfant qu’ils présentent. Ces compilations sont les Miracles de la Sainte-Vierge par Gautier de Coincy, les Miracles de Nostre-Dame de Chartres par Jean le Marchant et le Rosarius. Dans cette étude, nous nous pencherons sur la diversité des discours normatifs entourant cette thématique. Ces analyses nous permettent de dresser un bilan des précautions entourant l’enfant au Moyen-Âge. Nous concluons que les Miracles de Nostre-Dame de Chartres ne sont pas représentatifs du corpus de miracula général, puisque les miracula qu’il contient présentent un caractère préventif davantage axé sur les dangers physiques courus par l’enfant. / Abstract This thesis focuses on the prevention of early childhood accidents in the Middle Ages. Through the study of three compilations of miracula, we will analyze the thematic of the child that they present. These compilations are the Miracles of the Blessed Virgin by Gautier de Coincy, the Miracles of Nostre-Dame de Chartres by Jean le Marchant and the Rosarius. In this study, we will look at the diversity of normative discourses surrounding this theme. These analyze allow us to take stock of the precautions surrounding children in the Middle Ages. We conclude that the Miracles of Nostre-Dame de Chartres are not representative of the general miracula corpus, cause the miracula it contains present a preventive character more focused on the physical dangers faced by the child.

[pt] A presente pesquisa se propõe a investigar a espiritualidade inter-religiosa de Nicolau de Cusa e suas contribuições para os cristãos na atualidade na busca pela boa convivência entre as diferentes religiões ou expressões religiosas no mundo. No geral, a pesquisa busca responder às seguintes indagações: quem foi Nicolau de Cusa, considerando seu contexto histórico, cultural, social e religioso? Qual é a importância do diálogo inter-religioso na atualidade e de que forma a espiritualidade inter-religiosa cusana pode contribuir nesse debate? Para tanto, a pesquisa parte do período da Baixa Idade Média, em especial o século XV, período em que viveu Nicolau de Cusa, até aos dias atuais. Inicialmente, faz-se uma descrição da vida, obra e ministério de Nicolau de Cusa com o objetivo de apresentar o cusano. Depois, faz-se uma análise da espiritualidade medieval, considerando as mudanças e transformações ocorridas nessa época, que, de alguma forma, contribuíram para uma espiritualidade mais aberta, inovadora, questionadora e inclusiva. O propósito é discorrer sobre movimentos que surgiram tanto no âmbito religioso, quanto no âmbito da sociedade da época e que a espiritualidade cusana, de certa maneira, recebeu influências dessas transformações. Em seguida, examinam-se algumas obras de Nicolau de Cusa, como, por exemplo, De pace fidei e Cribratio Alchorani, cuja intenção é demonstrar a espiritualidade inter-religiosa cusana, a partir de suas próprias obras. E, por último, discorre-se sobre a importância do diálogo inter-religioso e as contribuições cusanas, como, por exemplo, as propostas da compreensão, teológica e humanista. No tocante aos fundamentos metodológicos, a pesquisa se apoia em uma análise crítico-reflexiva das fontes cusanas, na bibliografia pertinente e em textos sobre o tema. / [en] This research proposes to investigate the inter-religious spirituality of Nicholas of Cusa and his contributions to Christians today in the search for good coexistence between different religions or religious expressions in the world. In general, the research seeks to answer the following questions: who was Nicholas of Cusa, considering his historical, cultural, social and religious context? What is the importance of inter-religious dialogue today and how can Cusa s interreligious spirituality contribute to this debate? Therefore, the research starts from the period of the Late Middle Ages, especially the 15th century, the period in which Nicholas of Cusa lived, until the present day. Initially, a description of the life, work and ministry of Nicholas of Cusa is made in order to introduce him. Afterwards, an analysis of medieval spirituality is made, considering the changes and transformations that occurred at that time, which, somehow, contributed to a more open, innovative, questioning and inclusive spirituality. The purpose is to discuss movements that emerged both in the religious sphere and in the sphere of society at the time and that Cusan spirituality, in a certain way, was influenced by these transformations. Next, some works by Nicholas of Cusa are examined, such as, for example, De pace fidei and Cribratio Alchorani, whose intention is to demonstrate the interreligious spirituality of Cusa, based on his own works. And, finally, the importance of interreligious dialogue and his contributions to the same are discussed, for example, the proposals of theological and humanistic understanding. With regard to the methodological foundations, the research is based on a critical-reflexive analysis of the Cusan sources, the relevant bibliography and texts on the subject.

Bakgrund: När en person har hörselnedsättning påverkas indirekt dess omgivning. Konsekvenser som kan upplevas av en partner kan benämnas med begreppet Third-Party Disability (TPD) och innefattar ett flertal aspekter som exempelvis kommunikation och livskvalité. Med ålder blir hörselnedsättningar allt vanligare vilket leder till att allt fler par i övre medelåldern lever i en relation där ena partnern har hörselnedsättning. Syfte: Att undersöka hur partnern påverkas av en respektives hörselnedsättning och vad det har för eventuella konsekvenser på livskvalitén, sett till personer i övre medelåldern. Metod: En integrerad litteraturstudie utfördes för att besvara studiens syfte. Litteratursökning i databaserna PubMed, Cinahl och Web of Science resulterade i inklusion av åtta vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Resultaten påvisar att partnern påverkas av sin respektives hörselnedsättning. Det är främst kommunikationsmöjligheterna som försämras men även relationsförändringar kan uppstå. Vidare kan det leda till att livskvaliteten för den normalhörande personen försämras till följd av begränsningar i partnerskapet. Slutsatser: Kommunikationsmöjligheterna försämras till följd av hörselnedsättning och påverkar deltagandet i sociala aktiviteter och sammanhang. Indirekt påverkar detta partnerns förmåga för deltagande och kan leda till försämrad livskvalitet. / Background: When a person has hearing loss, their significant others become indirectly affected. The consequences from a partner perspective can be described with the term Third-Party Disability (TPD), which includes several aspects such as communication and quality of life. With age, hearing loss become increasingly more common, therefore it is likely that at least one partner in couples of upper middle age will have hearing loss. Aim: To investigate how the partner is affected by their spouse´s hearing loss and what consequences it has on the quality of life, for people in upper middle age. Methods: An integrated literature study was carried out to answer the purpose of the present study. The literature search conducted in the databases PubMed, Cinahl and Web of Science resulted in eight scientific articles for inclusion. Results: The results demonstrate that the partner is affected by their spouses hearing loss. Mainly it´s the communication opportunities that deteriorate, but relationship changes can also occur. This can further lead to a deterioration in the quality of life of the normal-hearing spouse as a result of limitations in the partnership. Conclusions: Communication possibilities deteriorate as a result of hearing loss and affect participation in social activities and contexts. Indirectly, this affects the partner's capacity for participation and can lead to a reduced quality of life.

No description available.

Strong opposing views exist with the popularly held notion that a midlife crisis is a normative phenomenon whilst a number of international researchers assert that the evidence shows the opposite to be true. It is nevertheless acknowledged that the psychology of midlife was one of the least researched areas internationally until the 1990s when certain aspects of midlife were investigated in the United States. Findings from these studies did not include the impact of a multiplicity of factors in combination at midlife. A new approach to the study of the life course using a combination model taking account of the influence of societal structures as well as the interplay between parts has been suggested. Such an approach to midlife transition and crisis research is not known to have taken place in South Africa or internationally. A conceptual model of midlife transition and crisis was constructed from known research and relevant literature and tested using a sample of 220 individuals aged between 30 and 65. The validity of the model was established and a methodologically sound measuring instrument was validated as a more accurate measurement of midlife crisis than a self-described experience. Two factors provisionally named stagnation and death and aging anxiety were found to exist. A true midlife crisis was experienced by a minority of individuals (IS percent) but an additional 31 percent had a troublesome but manageable experience. A neurotic disposition. the absence of good parental relationships, and the use of inappropriate coping skills such as wishful thinking were in combination related to high scores on the midlife crisis scales. A qualitative study revealed that over 90 percent of respondents were able to define a midlife crisis accurately although they tended to overstate the occurrence thereof. This replicates the research findings in the United States. Stagnation was experienced more acutely by individuals aged between 40 and 50 years whilst death and aging anxiety was the primary experience for those over 50 years. The validated conceptual model and measuring instruments can be used by therapists and coaches to facilitate the counselling or coaching process with clients experiencing midlife crisis. / Psychology / D. Comm. (Consulting Psychology)

Strong opposing views exist with the popularly held notion that a midlife crisis is a normative phenomenon whilst a number of international researchers assert that the evidence shows the opposite to be true. It is nevertheless acknowledged that the psychology of midlife was one of the least researched areas internationally until the 1990s when certain aspects of midlife were investigated in the United States. Findings from these studies did not include the impact of a multiplicity of factors in combination at midlife. A new approach to the study of the life course using a combination model taking account of the influence of societal structures as well as the interplay between parts has been suggested. Such an approach to midlife transition and crisis research is not known to have taken place in South Africa or internationally. A conceptual model of midlife transition and crisis was constructed from known research and relevant literature and tested using a sample of 220 individuals aged between 30 and 65. The validity of the model was established and a methodologically sound measuring instrument was validated as a more accurate measurement of midlife crisis than a self-described experience. Two factors provisionally named stagnation and death and aging anxiety were found to exist. A true midlife crisis was experienced by a minority of individuals (IS percent) but an additional 31 percent had a troublesome but manageable experience. A neurotic disposition. the absence of good parental relationships, and the use of inappropriate coping skills such as wishful thinking were in combination related to high scores on the midlife crisis scales. A qualitative study revealed that over 90 percent of respondents were able to define a midlife crisis accurately although they tended to overstate the occurrence thereof. This replicates the research findings in the United States. Stagnation was experienced more acutely by individuals aged between 40 and 50 years whilst death and aging anxiety was the primary experience for those over 50 years. The validated conceptual model and measuring instruments can be used by therapists and coaches to facilitate the counselling or coaching process with clients experiencing midlife crisis. / Psychology / D. Comm. (Consulting Psychology)

The purpose of this study was to construct a model of midlife work adaptation that depicts a basic framework outlining coping processes by which midlife adults use to approach changes identified in the current midlife context that challenge them cognitively, physically, and emotionally.

Selon l’image reçue des Vikings, ce peuple incarne l'esprit d’une immense solidarité primitive ayant su résister rudement au joug du christianisme et à la domination du Latin en Europe occidentale. Cette image n’est pas sans ses contradictions et, s’il est vrai que l’écriture était encore inconnue en Scandinavie durant les premiers siècles de l’expansion viking, on sait maintenant que le commerce et la colonisation, autant que les célèbres raids, motivèrent l’irruption des peuples scandinaves sur la scène médiévale. Quant aux navires de ces marchands, colonisateurs, pêcheurs et guerriers, ils apparaissent, un peu à l’image des Vikings eux-mêmes, sur le grand tableau de l’histoire nautique sous l’enseigne d’une originalité et d’une technicité sans parallèle. Comment les Vikings construisaient-ils leurs navires, en leur donnant une symétrie, un équilibre et une finesse si achevés? Les premiers ethnologues qui se sont intéressés à cette question ont privilégié les idées issues d'une tradition acquise par des générations de constructeurs, et d'astuces simples pour équilibrer tribord et bâbord. Puis, ils se sont rapidement tournés vers les techniques inhérentes à la construction à clin : utilisation de planches fendues et non sciées et de rivets abondants témoignant d’une sidérurgie acquise depuis peu. Le problème que présentent ces navires, est que leur construction artisanale demeure conforme à l’image reçue des Vikings, mais que leur conception architecturale, réalisée selon des connaissances théoriques très exactes, brise la notion d’une Scandinavie médiévale illettrée et coupée des grands centres du savoir. Ce travail s’intéresse précisément à la conception architecturale des navires scandinaves du VIIIe au XIe siècle pour montrer comment ils s’insèrent dans un haut savoir européen dès leur apparition. Il explore ensuite les liens qui unissent ce savoir théorique aux aspects véritablement originaux des navires vikings, en l’occurrence leur construction à clin et leur homogénéité sur une grande région à travers plus de cinq siècles. Au terme de cette recherche, l'analyse réalisée sur le maître-couple de trois épaves vikings, une épave antique et une épave scandinave pré-viking, a permis de mettre en évidence plusieurs indices de l'utilisation du système de conception géométrique apparaissant pour la première fois dans les traités d'architecture navale de la Renaissance, et ce, sur chacune de ces épaves. Les résultats obtenus démontrent qu'il est possible d'employer un système transversal de conception pour des navires vraisemblablement construits bordé premier et assemblés à clin. / According to the popular image of the Vikings, this people embodied a spirit of immense solidarity that resisted the yoke of Christianity and the dominance of Latin in Western Europe. This image is not without its contradictions, and while it is true that writing was unknown in Scandinavia during the early centuries of the Viking expansion, we now know that trade and colonization, as much as their famous raids, motivated the irruption of the Scandinavian people on the medieval stage. However, there is an important area where the contradictions between the image of the Vikings and archaeological data still remain intact : the Vikings ships. These ships were designed for traders, settlers, fishermen and warriors. Like the Vikings themselves, their ships reflect a genius of unparallelled originality and high performance. How did the Vikings build their ships, conferring them with such impressive symmetry, balance and finesse? The first ethnologists who studied this issue favoured ideal notions of traditions compiled over generations of builders, along with simple tips for balancing portside and starboard. Following this reductive cultural representation, they then quickly turned to the essential elements of clinker built construction: use of split planks and a great number of iron rivets, evidence of a new metallurgy. The problem with these ships is that, while their construction is made using traditional methods fitting to the popular image of the Vikings, their architectural design, deriving from very refined knowledge, contradicts the idea of an illiterate medieval Scandinavia cut off from the main centres of learning. This work focuses on the architectural design of Scandinavian ships from the eighth to the eleventh century, to show their place in high European knowledge. It then seeks to understand the links between the theoretical and practical aspects of Vikings ships : the clinker built construction and a great homogeneity over more than five centuries. Analysis of the master frames of five wrecks – three Viking ships, one Ancient wreck and a pre-Viking Scandinavian vessel – has found positive indicators of the use of geometric design principles that were formerly thought to be original in Renaissance shipbuilding treatises. Each wreck showed signs of the application of these design principles. The results show moreover that it was possible to use a transverse system of hull design for ships that were built shell-first in the clinker style.

Cette étude menée sur les fondations canoniales de Geoffroy du Loroux, archevêque de Bordeaux de 1136 à 1158, a pour objectif de montrer une implication du prélat dans le parti architectural de ses fondations qui présentent a priori une similitude en plan et en élévation. Grand artisan de la réforme grégorienne en Aquitaine, l’action de Geoffroy du Loroux est bien cernée par sa collection de sermons mais ses fondations n’ont jamais fait l’objet d’une étude de synthèse. Chacune des quatre fondations attribuées à l’archevêque, l’Isle et Pleine-Selve (Gironde), Sablonceaux (Charente-Maritime) et Fontaine-le-Comte (Vienne), a été soumise à une analyse architecturale approfondie, complétée d’une étude métrologique, afin d’appréhender chaque édifice dans sa globalité. Les éléments conservés du XIIe siècle ont ensuite été soumis à une étude comparative. En outre, une discussion est menée autour de l’attribution à Geoffroy du Loroux de la reconstruction de la cathédrale de Bordeaux dès le XIIe siècle.Il s’avère que les fondations liées à Geoffroy du Loroux adoptent un parti architectural stéréotypé et d’une esthétique ostensiblement austère. L’archevêque apparaît comme un prélat soucieux de laisser à ses successeurs des modèles pour transmettre le message de la réforme grégorienne, tant au travers de ses sermons qu’au niveau de ses fondations. Ces dernières se devaient d’être représentatives d’une grande humilité et du retour à la rigueur prôné par la réforme, en totale opposition avec le faste clunisien. Ce travail amène à s’interroger sur le rôle des collégiales qui, utilisées tel un outil de diffusion de la réforme, ont pu freiner l’implantation de Cluny dans le Bordelais. / The purpose of this study on the canonical foundations of Geoffroy du Loroux, Archbishop of Bordeaux from 1136 to 1158, is to reveal the involvement of the prelate in the architectural party of its foundations that seem a priori to show similarities in plan and elevation. As a great artisan of the Gregorian reform in Aquitaine, the action of Geoffroy du Loroux is well surrounded through his collection of sermons while its foundations were never subjected to a dedicated study.Each of the four foundations attributed to the Archbishop, l’Isle and Pleine-Selve (Gironde), Sablonceaux (Charente-Maritime), and Fontaine-le-Comte (Vienne), was subjected to a in depth architectural analysis, completed by a metrological study, to apprehend each building as a whole. The elements preserved from the XIIth century were then subjected to a comparative study. Moreover, a discussion is also conducted on the attribution to Geoffroy du Loroux of the rebuilding of the Cathedral of Bordeaux starting in the XIIth century.It turns out that the Foundations related to Geoffroy du Loroux adopt a stereotypical and ostensibly austere architectural party. The Archbishop appears as a prelate who intended to leave to his successors models to convey the message of the Gregorian reform, both through his sermons and its foundations. The latter had to be representative of the great humility and return to the rigour advocated by the reform, in contrast with the pomp of Cluny. This work brings into question the role of canon communities as a dissemination tool for the reform, which could account for the slowdown of the implementation of Cluny in the region of Bordeaux.