The days of English as the hegemonic language of cinema are slowly disappearing. Nowadays, filmmakers from different film industries are gradually embracing a multilingual shoot where languages coexist and play a key role within a film’s diegesis. This polyglot reality has brought up interesting questions and issues for the discipline of Translation Studies, where translation has been traditionally understood more in terms of going from one source language into one target language. Within the field of Audiovisual Translation (AVT), studies have concentrated on films where the presence of foreign languages is either sporadic or secondary and, as such, foreign languages have been mostly relegated to purely linguistic approaches. Interestingly, films in which foreign languages constantly reoccur or have a primary function have been hitherto widely disregarded, despite presenting the most complex scenario. Similarly, although researchers increasingly stress the relevance of film language on translational solutions, multimodal approaches to multilingualism in films remain scant. In light of this, this thesis designs a descriptive and multimodal methodology to investigate the issue of multilingualism at every stage of the dubbing process and to explore the effect of dubbing on both the plot and characterisation of polyglot films. This methodology is further complemented by para-textual information and semi-structured interviews to obtain a global perspective of the translation of the multilingual aspect. To this end, this thesis examines four polyglot films in which it is difficult to determine a predominant language. By investigating those with recurring use of languages, this project accounts for the most complex films in terms of language quantity and interplay to transcend textual restrictions and incorporate further issues surrounding translation as both process and product. This examination of original polyglot films brings to light the relevance of intermediate translations for the dubbing process as these are the foundations of the ‘rough’ translation on which the whole process relies. In turn, the macrostructure analysis unveils the use of a plethora of AVT modalities when dealing with foreign languages. Similarly, it suggests that decisions at this level depend on a complex interplay of factors of diverse natures such as filmmakers’ requests, screening habits, financial means, and film features. At the micro-textual level, a thorough list of translation techniques is compiled and their application is measured in relation to the influence of signifying codes. Additionally, a close linguistic examination of dialogue reveals a tendency towards standardisation, although certain nuances are sometimes enforced by character synchrony or added optionally to minor characters. Throughout these analyses, it becomes evident that all dubbing agents manipulate some aspects of multilingualism. Ultimately, this study suggests that dubbing affects polyglot films by hiding certain linguistic connotations and by providing different information to domestic and target audiences.

Multimodala texter influerade av fantasy-genren har visat sig vara en motivationshöjande tillgång som kan gynna språkkunskaperna. I studien förklarar den narrativa teorin vad som sker när läsaren upplever ett litterärt verk, men även i mötet med rörliga bilder. I studien har det använts olika former av kvalitativa undersökningsmetoder; (1) en enkät, (2) en kvalitativ dataanalys i form av två tester och (3) två fokusgruppsintervjuer utifrån the grounded theory. Denna studie har syftat till att utforska multimodalitetens möjligheter och jämfört elevernas (1) narrativa kompetens och (2) textrörlighet i tryckt text och film. Förutom jämförelsen av elevernas textrörlighet i de olika multimodala formerna har det även diskuterats vad intresse och attityd har för påverkan på elevernas svar i respektive förståelse. Slutligen sammanfattas graden av möjligheter för att integrera filmen som en multimodal text i den språkliga undervisningen. Studien besvarar frågorna; ”Hur påverkar berättelsen i de två olika medieformaten elevers textrörlighet?”, ”I vilken mån påverkar attityd och intresse vad filmen respektive textutdraget förmedlar?” och ”I vilken utsträckning kan film bidra som ett komplement till läsförståelsen i undervisningen?”.   Resultatet visar att textrörligheten i undersökningen hade en högre grad i samtliga läsfärdigheter hos de deltagande eleverna som såg filmen samt att attityd och intresse har påverkat deras svar, både positivt och negativt. / Multimodal texts influenced by the fantasy genres have proven to be a motivational boost that can benefit the language skills. In the study, the narrative theory explains what happens when the reader experiences a literary work, but also in the encounter with moving images. The study has used various forms of qualitative research methods; (1) a survey, (2) a qualitative data sheet in the form of two tests and (3) two focus group interviews based on the grounded theory.   This study aims to explore the possibilities of multimodality and comparing students' narrative skills and (2) envisionment in printed text and film. In addition to the comparison of the students ‘ envisionment in the various multimodal forms, it has also been discussed how interest and attitude affects the students' responses in their respective understanding. Finally, the degree of opportunity for integrating the film is summarized as a multimodal text in the linguistic teaching. The study answers the questions; "How does the story in the two different media formats affect the student's envisonment?", "To what extent does the attitude and interest affect what the film and the text represent?" And "To what extent can films contribute as a complement to reading comprehension in the language teaching? ".   The results shows that the envisonment of text in the survey was higher in all reading skills of the participating students who saw the film, and that attitude and interest have influenced their responses, both positively and negatively.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2007. / Submitted by Luis Felipe Souza (luis_felas@globo.com) on 2008-11-17T17:30:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_2007_AndreOliveiraNunes.pdf: 2075776 bytes, checksum: b6b4118786c12b9b3736f8d06dbf98d7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Georgia Fernandes(georgia@bce.unb.br) on 2009-01-28T12:22:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_2007_AndreOliveiraNunes.pdf: 2075776 bytes, checksum: b6b4118786c12b9b3736f8d06dbf98d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2009-01-28T12:22:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_2007_AndreOliveiraNunes.pdf: 2075776 bytes, checksum: b6b4118786c12b9b3736f8d06dbf98d7 (MD5) / O Transporte Multimodal de Cargas é a realização da operação de transporte por meio de um único operador, o Operador de Transporte Multimodal - OTM, o qual se responsabiliza pela carga em todo seu trajeto, desde a origem até o seu destino final, utilizando apenas um único documento de transporte. Assim, a operação de transporte configura-se em uma cadeia hierarquizada a partir do OTM, diminuindo o número de recorrências ao mercado que um expedidor realiza para poder transportar sua carga, reduzindo assim os custos conseqüentes das negociações com o mercado, ou seja, os Custos de Transação. No Brasil, o mercado de operadores de transporte multimodal é formado basicamente por operadores dos sistemas aéreo, aquaviário, dutoviário, ferroviário e rodoviário, os quais se diferenciam, dentre outros fatores, pelo número de operadores habilitados. Segundo a Teoria dos Custos de Transação, o número de operadores habilitados na produção de um bem ou serviço implica na forma em que os mesmo agem em seus mercados, podendo levá-los a atitudes oportunistas nas negociações, as quais originam os Custos de Transação. Nesse trabalho objetivou-se identificar onde se localizam os operadores de transporte multimodal propícios a tomarem atitudes oportunistas agregando custos em suas transações. Para tal, identificou-se o universo de operadores de transporte multimodal, agregando-os em função dos modos de operação e da área de atuação, concluindo que operadores dos modos ferroviário e dutoviário, pelo fato de estarem inseridos em mercados mais restritos, se encontram em condições favoráveis para agregar custos oportunistas em suas transações. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The Multimodal Cargo Transportation is the achievement of operational transportation by only one operator, known as Multimodal Transport Operator – MTO. The MTO is responsible for the loading over the itinerary from the origin to final destination, in this case, using only one transportation document. Thus, the transport operation is characterized as a hierarchical chain with the starting point in MTO, reducing the search market that a dispatcher carries out to transport his cargo, what cause the reduction of costs derived from market negotiations, in other words, the transaction costs. In Brazil, the MTO market is constituted basically by operators of the following systems: airway, waterway, pipeway, railway, and highway transportation. The differences identified among this systems was regarding by the number of qualified operators. According to the Transaction Costs Theory, the number of qualified operators necessary to make a good or a service concerns to the way as the operators work in their markets; this situation may lead to opportunist negotiations which originate the transaction costs. The goal of this study is to identify the appropriated place for the MTO take opportunists’ behavior at the time of negotiations. In this case, the universe of MTO has been identified according to the operational way and performance area. As result it has achieved that the operators of railway and pipeway transportation system are in appropriated conditions to add opportunist costs in their transactions, because due they are inserted in a more restricted markets.

Esta dissertação procura oferecer uma visão estratégica da importância da navegação fluvial praticada em vias interiores, focando de maneira especial a região da Lagoa Mirim, localizada no extremo sul do Brasil, que faz fronteira com a República Oriental do Uruguai. Inicialmente é realizada uma abordagem do transporte fluvial praticado em todo o mundo, prendendo-se com mais detalhes em nosso país, sendo efetuados levantamentos relativos ao comércio exterior brasileiro e quantificados os valores em termos globais, por blocos econômicos - dentre os quais o Mercosul - para finalmente deter-se no comércio bilateral Brasil - Uruguai. Neste contexto, são prospectadas e analisadas as potenciais cargas a serem movimentadas na Hidrovia da Lagoa Mirim, identificando-se os atuais fluxos de transporte na tentativa de estabelecer com que volumes de carga a futura hidrovia poderá ser viabilizada Considerando que o transporte hidroviário interior é função de uma série de fatores que extrapolam a simples existência de carga a ser transportada, são analisadas as atuais condições de infra-estrutura existentes na região e projetados investimentos necessários para que a hidrovia seja implantada, tornando-se uma realiadade atraente para seus futuros usuários, sejam eles armadores ou donos de mercadorias. Posteriormente, é realizada uma crítica ao atual modelo de transporte hidroviário brasileiro, procurando identificar novos caminhos a serem percorridos para que a sociedade venha a se beneficiar dos investimentos públicos realizados na área de transporte. Finalizando, faz-se uma discussão sobre a viabilidade da realização de investimentos públicos na área de infra-estrutura de transportes, especilamente, no setor hidroviário, onde o retorno tem como característica um alto grau de incerteza.

With the progress achieved to this date in mobile computing technologies, mobile devices are increasingly being used to store sensitive data and perform security-critical transactions and services. However, the protection available on these devices is still lagging behind. The primary and often only protection mechanism in these devices is authentication using a password or a PIN. Passwords are notoriously known to be a weak authentication mechanism, no matter how complex the underlying format is. Mobile authentication can be strengthened by extracting and analyzing keystroke dynamic biometric from supplied passwords. In this thesis, I identified gaps in the literature, and investigated new models and mechanisms to improve accuracy, usability and resilience against statistical forgeries for mobile keystroke dynamic biometric authentication. Accuracy is investigated through cost sensitive learning and sampling, and by comparing the strength of different classifiers. Usability is improved by introducing a new approach for typo handling in the authentication model. Resilience against statistical attacks is achieved by introducing a new multimodal approach combining fixed and variable keystroke dynamic biometric passwords, in which two different fusion models are studied. Experimental evaluation using several datasets, some publicly available and others collected locally, yielded encouraging performance results in terms of accuracy, usability, and resistance against statistical attacks. / Graduate / 2019-09-25

Esta dissertação procura oferecer uma visão estratégica da importância da navegação fluvial praticada em vias interiores, focando de maneira especial a região da Lagoa Mirim, localizada no extremo sul do Brasil, que faz fronteira com a República Oriental do Uruguai. Inicialmente é realizada uma abordagem do transporte fluvial praticado em todo o mundo, prendendo-se com mais detalhes em nosso país, sendo efetuados levantamentos relativos ao comércio exterior brasileiro e quantificados os valores em termos globais, por blocos econômicos - dentre os quais o Mercosul - para finalmente deter-se no comércio bilateral Brasil - Uruguai. Neste contexto, são prospectadas e analisadas as potenciais cargas a serem movimentadas na Hidrovia da Lagoa Mirim, identificando-se os atuais fluxos de transporte na tentativa de estabelecer com que volumes de carga a futura hidrovia poderá ser viabilizada Considerando que o transporte hidroviário interior é função de uma série de fatores que extrapolam a simples existência de carga a ser transportada, são analisadas as atuais condições de infra-estrutura existentes na região e projetados investimentos necessários para que a hidrovia seja implantada, tornando-se uma realiadade atraente para seus futuros usuários, sejam eles armadores ou donos de mercadorias. Posteriormente, é realizada uma crítica ao atual modelo de transporte hidroviário brasileiro, procurando identificar novos caminhos a serem percorridos para que a sociedade venha a se beneficiar dos investimentos públicos realizados na área de transporte. Finalizando, faz-se uma discussão sobre a viabilidade da realização de investimentos públicos na área de infra-estrutura de transportes, especilamente, no setor hidroviário, onde o retorno tem como característica um alto grau de incerteza.

abstract: In baseball, the difference between a win and loss can come down to a single call, such as when an umpire judges force outs at first base by typically comparing competing auditory and visual inputs of the ball-mitt sound and the foot-on-base sight. Yet, because the speed of sound in air only travels about 1100 feet per second, fans observing from several hundred feet away will receive auditory cues that are delayed a significant portion of a second, and thus conceivably could systematically differ in judgments compared to the nearby umpire. The current research examines two questions. 1. How reliably and with what biases do observers judge the order of visual versus auditory events? 2. Do observers making such order judgments from far away systematically compensate for delays due to the slow speed of sound? It is hypothesized that if any temporal bias occurs it is in the direction consistent with observers not accounting for the sound delay, such that increasing viewing distance will increase the bias to assume the sound occurred later. It was found that nearby observers are relatively accurate at judging if a sound occurred before or after a simple visual event (a flash), but exhibit a systematic bias to favor visual stimuli occurring first (by about 30 msec). In contrast, distant observers did not compensate for the delay of the speed of sound such that they systematically favored the visual cue occurring earlier as a function of viewing distance. When observers judged simple visual stimuli in motion relative to the same sound burst, the distance effect occurred as a function of the visual clarity of the ball arriving. In the baseball setting, using a large screen projection of baserunner, a diminished distance effect occurred due to the additional visual cues. In summary, observers generally do not account for the delay of sound due to distance. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2017

Denna studie bygger på en innehållsanalys av hur Babblarna samtalas om i Facebookgruppen ”Tips och idéer med Babblarna”. Gruppens fokus ligger på att tipsa varandra om hur deras arbete kring konceptet Babblarna ser ut. Studien har utgått från de inlägg som publicerats under en angiven tid i den slutna Facebookgruppen. Konceptet Babblarna har sitt ursprung i Irene Johanssons språkliga modell som kallas Karlstadmodellen. Denna modell lyfter vikten av att låta barn möta språket på flera olika sätt. Detta innebär mer specifikt att låta barnen möta bild, text och tecken i kombination med det verbala språket. Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur pedagoger förmedlade sitt arbete kring konceptet Babblarna i Facebookgruppen samt se hur den multimodala kommunikationen lyftes fram i det arbetet. Med hjälp av de didaktiska frågorna undersökte delstudie 1 hur pedagogen lyfte fram lärandet i inläggen. Delstudie 2 undersökte hur Babblarna synliggjordes i lär- och lekmiljön samt hur den multimodala kommunikationen lyftes fram i inläggen. Analysen och resultaten av den insamlade empirin visade att en majoritet av inläggen inte lyfte varken metod eller syfte med aktiviteterna trots att vi genom analysen kunde identifiera olika lärandeområden. Vidare visade resultaten att majoriteten av inläggen kunde kategoriseras inom kategorin lekmiljö. Analysen och resultaten visade även att inläggen inte lyfter fram den multimodala kommunikationen som Babblarna förespråkar.

abstract: Modern machine learning systems leverage data and features from multiple modalities to gain more predictive power. In most scenarios, the modalities are vastly different and the acquired data are heterogeneous in nature. Consequently, building highly effective fusion algorithms is at the core to achieve improved model robustness and inferencing performance. This dissertation focuses on the representation learning approaches as the fusion strategy. Specifically, the objective is to learn the shared latent representation which jointly exploit the structural information encoded in all modalities, such that a straightforward learning model can be adopted to obtain the prediction. We first consider sensor fusion, a typical multimodal fusion problem critical to building a pervasive computing platform. A systematic fusion technique is described to support both multiple sensors and descriptors for activity recognition. Targeted to learn the optimal combination of kernels, Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL) algorithms have been successfully applied to numerous fusion problems in computer vision etc. Utilizing the MKL formulation, next we describe an auto-context algorithm for learning image context via the fusion with low-level descriptors. Furthermore, a principled fusion algorithm using deep learning to optimize kernel machines is developed. By bridging deep architectures with kernel optimization, this approach leverages the benefits of both paradigms and is applied to a wide variety of fusion problems. In many real-world applications, the modalities exhibit highly specific data structures, such as time sequences and graphs, and consequently, special design of the learning architecture is needed. In order to improve the temporal modeling for multivariate sequences, we developed two architectures centered around attention models. A novel clinical time series analysis model is proposed for several critical problems in healthcare. Another model coupled with triplet ranking loss as metric learning framework is described to better solve speaker diarization. Compared to state-of-the-art recurrent networks, these attention-based multivariate analysis tools achieve improved performance while having a lower computational complexity. Finally, in order to perform community detection on multilayer graphs, a fusion algorithm is described to derive node embedding from word embedding techniques and also exploit the complementary relational information contained in each layer of the graph. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2018

Esta dissertação procura oferecer uma visão estratégica da importância da navegação fluvial praticada em vias interiores, focando de maneira especial a região da Lagoa Mirim, localizada no extremo sul do Brasil, que faz fronteira com a República Oriental do Uruguai. Inicialmente é realizada uma abordagem do transporte fluvial praticado em todo o mundo, prendendo-se com mais detalhes em nosso país, sendo efetuados levantamentos relativos ao comércio exterior brasileiro e quantificados os valores em termos globais, por blocos econômicos - dentre os quais o Mercosul - para finalmente deter-se no comércio bilateral Brasil - Uruguai. Neste contexto, são prospectadas e analisadas as potenciais cargas a serem movimentadas na Hidrovia da Lagoa Mirim, identificando-se os atuais fluxos de transporte na tentativa de estabelecer com que volumes de carga a futura hidrovia poderá ser viabilizada Considerando que o transporte hidroviário interior é função de uma série de fatores que extrapolam a simples existência de carga a ser transportada, são analisadas as atuais condições de infra-estrutura existentes na região e projetados investimentos necessários para que a hidrovia seja implantada, tornando-se uma realiadade atraente para seus futuros usuários, sejam eles armadores ou donos de mercadorias. Posteriormente, é realizada uma crítica ao atual modelo de transporte hidroviário brasileiro, procurando identificar novos caminhos a serem percorridos para que a sociedade venha a se beneficiar dos investimentos públicos realizados na área de transporte. Finalizando, faz-se uma discussão sobre a viabilidade da realização de investimentos públicos na área de infra-estrutura de transportes, especilamente, no setor hidroviário, onde o retorno tem como característica um alto grau de incerteza.