Dagens taximarknad har på senare tid fått in nya innovativa aktörer som lyckats pressa ner priserna så pass mycket att de blivit ett globalt hot mot traditionella taxibolag. Dessa nya aktörer innefattar Uber och Heetch som etablerat sig inom Stockholmsregionen. Följande arbete innefattar en kartläggning av den nya moderna taximarknaden i Stockholmsområdet med ett stort fokus på traditionella taxibolag (multi-cab bolag) och moderna innovativa plattformsbaserade taxibolag (non-cab bolag). Huvudfokus är på Taxi Stockholm som är en ledande aktör i Stockholmsområdet samt Uber och Heetch. Vad kan traditionella taxibolag göra för att konkurrera med de nya taxiplattformarna som har ett stort kostnadsledarskap och vad kan plattformsföretagen göra för att lyckas konkurrera på taximarknaden och ta över marknadsandelar? Moderna non-cab bolag behöver satsa stort på att följa lagstiftning och regleringar i den marknaden de bedriver verksamhet och inte konkurrera på sina egna villkor, göra satsningar på bättre arbetsvillkor för anställda och följa miljökrav är också av prioritering. Traditionella taxibolag behöver satsa resurser på innovation för att hänga med i den tekniska utvecklingen av taximarknaden, pressa ner sina priser eller erbjuda kunna bättre tillgänglighet gentemot sina kunder i form av stora taxiflottor och satsningar gentemot företagskunder och statliga uppdrag ses som möjligheter för konkurrenskraft. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka taximarknaden i Stockholm för att ta reda på hur de traditionella taxibolagen ska kunna hantera inflytandet från de nya, moderna och innovativa taxiaktörerna. Studien innefattar intervjuer, datainsamling och observationer hos Taxi Stockholm 15 00 00 AB och användning av sekundära källor för att få in information om de nya aktörerna och deras styrkor och svagheter. Dessutom läggs ett stort fokus på vetenskapliga artiklar och kurslitteratur. Studien är baserad på en fallstudie med inslag av explorativ forskning för att undersöka en case-studie om ett traditionellt taxibolag. Semistrukturerade intervjuer gjordes hos VD samt övriga ledningschefer för att kunna kartlägga hur deras bolag ligger till i förhållande mot de konkurrerande innovativa aktörerna samt de traditionella aktörerna. / The taxi market has recently gotten new competition from innovative companies that have managed to reduce the prices of cab transport so much that they are now a serious contender in the global market. Some of these new companies include Uber and Heetch which are now competing in the taxi market of Stockholm, Sweden. This upcoming thesis includes mapping of the new modern taxi market in the Stockholm region with a big focus on traditional cab companies (multi-cap enterprises) and modern innovative platform-based cap companies (non-cab enterprises). The focal point is on Taxi Stockholm 15 00 00 AB which is the leading competitor in Stockholm, with focus on Uber and Heetch as well. What can traditional cab companies do so that they can better compete with new platform-based cab companies which have big cost and pricing advantages and what can they do to become powerful competitors and subsequently gain market shares? Modern non-cab companies need to respect the laws and regulations of the markets that they compete in which differs depending on which country they operate in. They also need to improve the working conditions for their drivers and be more environmentally oriented. This will show that they take responsibility and are high calibre enterprises that take their societal responsibilities and duties seriously. Traditional cab companies and multi-cab companies need to invest resources and R&D into innovation, so that they can follow the technological development and the digitalization of the taxi market. Lowering their prices and cost is also important so that they can utilize better prices towards their customers, otherwise they would need to have many caps available to have big availability. Multi cap companies have good opportunities to utilize companies and big enterprises as their customers and government orders, this will in turn make them more competitive in the new era of Taxi businesses. The purpose of this comprehensive study is to research and compel the taxi market of Stockholm to discover and learn how the traditional multi-cap companies can handle the influence of the new innovative modern taxi companies. The study includes interviews, collection of data and observations of Taxi Stockholm 15 00 00 AB and the utilization of secondary sources to gain information about the new competitors and their strengths and weaknesses. A big part of secondary sources is also from scientific articles and course literature.   The study is based on a case study and some exploratory research methods in order to identify the mission and goal of this study. The interviews were done in a semi structured manner which was done with the CEO and the rest of the department executives, to be able to map their company in alignment with the rest of the competition in Stockholm including new innovative companies (non-cab) and traditional multi-cab companies.

This thesis Interactive content of eBooks presents complex view on preparations and development of interactive and enhanced electronic book from technical, legislative, content and economic perspective. It describes types of interactivity modules, available interactive eBook formats, reading devices and software. It also compares USA market to the Czech market of interactive eBooks. This thesis processes results of questionnaire survey in the area of Czech readers awareness of interactive eBooks. In practical part of the thesis process of interactive book creation in Czech environment is engineered.

The Building is a combination of a green house and multi familyhousing building. The building´s courtyard is transformed in to a winter garden and creates an climate controlled environment with exotic vegitation blooming all year around. The courtyard is working as an extra livingroom with nice public walks in different levels were people can relax, exercise and socialise. The heat generated from the winter garden can be reused and recycled in to the floor slabs. It can also be deposited into the ground under the garden creating a climate smart heating system. One important aspect when drawing the plans was to give all the apartments a private space inside the wintergarden. I created plans where the allocation of the garden is equal. the private space is located on the second floor in the duplex apartments but some apartments only consist of one level and some extra care went in to making a private space for them too. The winter garden not only allows people to watch the trees and plants it also gives them the possibility to grow there own food on the private balcony and  just outside the kitchen window. Having plants outside the kitchen blocks the view from people passing by on the public promenade. / Byggnaden är en kombination av ett växthus och ett flerbostadshus. Byggnadens innergår har ett glastak som som möjliggör ett controllerat climat med växter som blommar året runt. innergården fungerar som ett extra vardagsrum med trevliga promenader i olika nivåer där människor kan träna, socialisera eller bara slapna av och njuta naturen. Värmen som genereras av den inglasade gården kan återanvändas och pupmas in i bjälklagen och marken under gården vilket skapar ett klimatsmart uppvärmningssystem.  en viktig aspekt när jag ritade planerna var att ge alla lägenheter ett privat rum inne i gården. Jag skapade planer där anspråket av gården var så lika som möjligt. Det privata rummet är placerat på övervåningen i etage lägenheterna men några lägenheter har bara ett plan vilket ledde till några special lösningar för att skapa ett avgränsat rum för dem också. Den ingalsade gården erbjuder inte bara en vacker miljö med växter och träd, det finns även möjlighet att odla sia egna frukter och grönsaker på den privata balkongen samt utanför köksfönstret. Planteringen av högre växter utanför fönstret kan skydda insynen från grannar som går förbi på den publika prommenaden.

The 21st century is marked by a technological revolution that features digital implementation and high interconnectivity between systems across different domains, such as transportation, agriculture, education, and health. Although these technological changes resulted in modern systems capable of easing individuals’ lives, these systems are increasingly complex, and that increased complexity is only expected to continue. The increased system complexity is due to the rapid exchange of information between subsystems, which creates high interconnectivity and interdependence between the subsystems and their elements. Workforce skill sets, as a result, must be modified appropriately to ensure the systems’ success. Systems Thinking is an approach that helps individuals better understand and effectively solve modern complex systems problems by encouraging holistic thinking. Systems thinking consists of two approaches holistic and reductionist views. This dissertation aims to study college engineering and non-engineering students’ preference for holistic thinking versus reductionist thinking, their ranking to the systems thinking dimensions, and whether this preference varies depending on demographics and general factors. Additionally, this study investigates the possibility of predicting the students’ preference for holistic thinking. The study uses the multi-criteria decision-making method, the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process to determine the student’s preferences, and uses statistical analysis such as independent sample t-test and ANOVA to evaluate the factors. Also, the study uses machine learning classification models such as Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes, Decision Trees, voting classifiers, Bagging, and Random Forest to predict and evaluate the most predicting model. The results of the dissertation conclude that overall students prefer the reductionist approach and report the students’ preference towards dimensions of complexity, independence, uncertainty, systems worldview, and flexibility and the ranking difference based on some factors. Lastly, the results show that the students’ preference for holistic thinking can be predicted with a 77% accuracy using the Random Forest classifier.

Coalitions are collections of agents that join together to solve a common problem that either cannot be solved individually or can be solved more efficiently as a group. Each individual agent has capabilities that can benefit the group when working together as a coalition. Typically, individual capabilities are joined together in an additive way when forming a coalition. This work will introduce a new operator that is used when combining capabilities, and suggest that the behavior of the operator is contextual, depending on the nature of the capability itself. This work considers six different capabilities of Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) and determines the nature of the new operator in the context of each capability as coalitions (squadrons) of UAVs are formed. Coalitions are formed using three different search algorithms, both with and without heuristics: Depth-First, Depth-First Iterative Deepening, and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The effectiveness of each algorithm is evaluated. Multi agent-based UAV simulation software was developed and used to test the ideas presented. In addition to coalition formation, the software aims to address additional multi-agent issues such as agent identity, mutability, and communication as applied to UAV systems, in a realistic simulated environment. Social potential fields provide a means of modeling a clustering attractive force at the same time as a collision-avoiding repulsive force, and are used by the simulation to maintain aircraft position relative to other UAVs.

Dans les systèmes de communications sans fil, le canal de transmission entre les antennes d'émission et de réception est l'une des principales sources de perturbation pour le signal. Les modulations multiporteuses, telles que l'OFDM (pour orthogonal frequency division multiplexing), sont très robustes contre l'effet des multi-trajets, et permet de retrouver le signal émis avec un faible taux d'erreur, quand elles sont combinées avec un codage canal. L'estimation de canal joue alors un rôle clé dans les performances des systèmes de communications. Dans cette thèse, on étudie des techniques fondées sur les estimateurs LS (pour least square, ou moindres carrés) et MMSE (pour minimum mean square error, ou erreur quadratique moyenne minimum). La technique MMSE est optimale, mais est beaucoup plus complexe que LS, et nécessite la connaissance a priori des moments de second ordre du canal et du bruit. Dans cette présentation, deux méthodes permettant d'atteindre des performances proches de LMMSE en évitant ses inconvénients sont étudiées. Une troisième partie étudie quant à elle les erreurs d'estimation dues aux interpolations.

Ce travail a pour but d'étudier la tolérance à l'impact de 3 stratifiés carbone/époxy soumis simultanément à différents types de chargements hygrothermiques et mécaniques. Ces stratifications présentant des caractéristiques mécaniques globales particulières d'isotropie, il s'agit ici de déterminer l'influence de la séquence d'empilement sur le développement de l'endommagement lors d'un impact. Dans un premier temps, la cinétique de vieillissement hygrothermique des trois stratifications est étudiée et analysée. Ensuite, leur tolérance à un unique impact ainsi qu'à des impacts répétés est évaluée. L'endommagement résultant de ces impacts est analysé par contrôle ultrasonore. La morphologie générale et l'amplitude de l'endommagement dans la profondeur des matériaux sont mises en relation avec les propriétés mécaniques et la séquence d'empilement spécifique à chaque stratifié. Dans un deuxième temps, l'influence combinée de plusieurs sollicitations est étudiée. Différents scénarii associant un vieillissement hygrothermique ainsi qu'un ou deux impacts sont mis en oeuvre. L'endommagement résultant est mis en rapport avec les temps relatifs de vieillissement et la position des impact durant le cycle de vieillissement. Ensuite, l'influence d'une précharge de traction sur la tolérance à l'impact est mise en évidence. Un montage spécifique a été conçu et fabriqué pour réaliser ces tests. Enfin, l'association d'un vieilllissement hygrothermique et d'une précharge de traction est abordée afin d'identifier la sollicitation la plus pénalisant en terme de tolérance et d'impact / This study examines impact damage processes in three types of CFRP composite materials simultaneously subjected to different hygrothermal and mechanical loading conditions. The composite structures tested are chosen for having particular global isotropic responses when loaded, the aim being to ascertain the exact influence of lay-up sequence on impact damage propagation. The work is presented in four main sections. Firstly by establishing hygrothermal ageing dynamics for the three composite structure types and their behaviour when impacted once or several times ; impact damage is measured and analysed using ultrasonic method. The extent and general morphology of the damage through the material thickness is correlated with mechanical properties and lay-up sequence specific to each material. Secondly the influence of simultaneous load combinations is examined. These include different durations of hygrothermal ageing associated with single or double impacts.The resulting damage incurred is analysed with respect to overall ageing time and time during the ageing cycle when the impact was applied. Thirdly the effect of tensile loading during impact on damage within the material was studied. This was achieved using a specially designed test apparatus that allows loading and impacting conditions to be independently modified. By associating a high-speed digital camera to film specimen impacts it is possible to evaluate a relationship between overall composite specimen stiffness and the impact damage. Finally, in order to identify the most unfavourable situation with regard to impact damage resistance an association between hygrothermal ageing and an applied tensile load is examined

L'intelligence ambiante est considérée comme l'une des évolutions majeures de l'informatique ubiquitaire. Elle vise la mise en œuvre des environnements ambiants ou des espaces intelligents permettant d'améliorer la vie quotidienne des utilisateurs, leur bien-être et leur sécurité. Un environnement ambiant dispose d'une multitude d'équipements (capteurs, actionneurs), fournissant des services ubiquitaires atomiques qui sont distribués et de nature hétérogène. Ces services atomiques disponibles dans ce type d'environnement, ne répondent pas directement ou complètement à toutes les exigences et les besoins des utilisateurs. Par ailleurs, ces services de haut niveau peuvent impliquer l'interaction de services ubiquitaires appartenant et/ou contrôlés par différentes structures ou domaines (i.e. environnement multi-domaine). Dans ces travaux de thèse, on a étudié les problématiques reliées à l'agrégation des services ubiquitaires atomiques dans des coopérations et des compositions dans un environnement ambiant multi-domaine afin de répondre à des besoins utilisateurs. Cette étude concerne l'interopérabilité sémantique et comportementale des compositions de services ainsi que leurs spécifications dans un modèle formel basé sur la logique constructive BCDL0. Cette thèse a contribuée par la réalisation d'un canevas sémantique permettant la conception et la vérification formelles des processus coopératifs dans l'assistant à la preuve Isabelle/HOL. Le canevas sémantique proposé consiste en une ontologie de coopération extensible et un langage de spécification de services fiable (Sound) ainsi que des modules de mise en correspondance vers des infrastructures cibles / Ambient Intelligence is considered as the major application domain of ubiquitous computing. It aims at implementing intelligent environments to improve the daily activities, the well-being and the safety of users. An ambient environment has a multitude of devices (sensors, actuators), providing atomic ubiquitous services which are distributed and heterogeneous. These atomic services available in these environments, do not directly or fully meet all the requirements and the needs of users. Moreover, these high-level services may involve the interaction of ubiquitous services owned and/or controlled by different structures or domains (i.e. multi-domain environment). In this work, we studied the problems related to the aggregation of atomic ubiquitous services in cooperations and compositions in an ambient multi-domain environment in order to meet users' needs. This study concerns the semantic and behavioral interoperability of high-level composite services and their formal specification. This latter, is based on the Basic Constructive Description Logic, namely, BCDL0 formal model. This work contributes by realizing a semantic framework for the design and formal verification of cooperative processes in the interactive theorem prover Isabelle/HOL. The proposed semantic framework consists of an extensible cooperation ontology, a sound formal specification language of ubiquitous services and a components for mapping the formally proved cooperatives processes to the targeted infrastructures

Cette thèse est consacrée à l’optimisation des sources de lumière synchrotron. La dynamique de faisceau non linéaire de l'anneau de stockage du synchrotron SOLEIL est optimisée à l’aide d’algorithmes génétiques multiobjectifs (MOGA-ELEGANT). Le code ELEGANT est d’abord comparé avec le code étalon de SOLEIL, TRACY3. Le code MOGA est ensuite utilisé pour obtenir les meilleures configurations possible en termes d’ouvertures dynamiques et d’acceptances en énergie, qui sont fortement en rapport avec la durée de vie Touschek et l'efficacité d'injection respecti-vement. Après 1 mois de calcul sur le cluster de calcul de haute performance de SOLEIL en utilisant 200 CPU, un ensemble de solutions est trouvé. Elles sont testées expérimentalement dans la salle de contrôle du SOLEIL. L'amélioration de la durée de vie Touschek obtenue est confirmée par les mesures : la durée de vie du faisceau de l'anneau de stockage de SOLEIL est accrue de 50 à 60%. La deuxième partie de ce travail de thèse présente une étude expérimentale de la durée de vie du faisceau de l'anneau de stockage de SOLEIL. En particulier les contributions de la durée de vie Touschek et la durée de vie de gaz sont étudiées. La durée de vie du faisceau est mesurée en fonction de paramètres importants tels que le couplage, racleurs horizontaux et verticaux, et le courant. Les résultats expérimentaux sont comparés avec les durées de vie Touschek calculées par la formule Piwinski mise en œuvre dans le code TRACY3 et la durée de vie du gaz calculée analytiquement. Cette étude permet de montrer que la composition du gaz résiduel et la pression locale varient de manière importante le long de toute la machine: l’effet des ondulateurs sous-vide est dominant. Des nombres atomiques effectifs sont obtenus. La forme des courbes expérimentales est proche des courbes simulées et est compatible avec un nombre atomique effectif proche de 7. / This thesis is dedicated to the optimization of the nonlinear beam dynamics of synchrotron radiation light sources using Multi-objective Genetic Algorithms (MOGA-ELEGANT). In the first part the ELEGANT code is benchmarked against TRACY3; then MOGA is tuned and used to find the best settings of quadrupole and sextupole magnets in order to maximize the dynamic and momentum apertures, strongly related with the Touschek lifetime and the injection efficiency respectively. Solutions obtained after one month of computation in the high level computational cluster of SOLEIL using 200 CPUs are analyzed. The improvement of the Touschek lifetime obtained with MOGA is confirmed by the beam-based experiments. The beam lifetime of the SOLEIL storage ring is increased 50-60 % .The second part this PhD work is devoted to study experimentally the beam lifetime of the SOLEIL storage ring to improve the understanding of the beam lifetime and its contributions: the Touschek and gas lifetimes. The beam lifetime is measured in function of important parameters as coupling, horizontal and vertical scrapers, and bunch current. The experimental results are compared with the simulated ones. The Piwinski formula is implemented in the tracking code TRACY3 to replace Bruck approximation. The gas lifetimes were computed using analytical models. This study allows understanding that the composition of the residual gas and the local pressure along all the machine vary significantly between the arcs and the in-vacuum insertion devices: new effective atomic number are obtained. This type of measurement remains difficult to analyze without a large error margin; in-vacuum insertions have a dominant contribution. The shape of the experimental curves is closed to the expected ones and compatible with an effective atomic number of about 7.

This work presents a system for semi-autonomous optical localization of distant moving targets using multiple positionable cameras. The cameras were calibrated and stationed using custom designed calibration targets and methodology with the objective to alleviate the main sources of errors which were pinpointed in thorough precision analysis. The detection of the target is performed manually, while the visual tracking is automatic and it utilizes two state-of-the-art approaches. The estimation of the target location in 3-space is based on multi-view triangulation working with noisy measurements. A basic setup consisting of two camera units was tested against static targets and a moving terrestrial target, and the precision of the location estimation was compared to the theoretical model. The modularity and portability of the system allows fast deployment in a wide range of scenarios including perimeter monitoring or early threat detection in defense systems, as well as air traffic control in public space.