This dissertation examines the emergence of a cohort of independent literary, intellectual, and political publications—“little magazines”—in New York City over the past decade. Helmed by web-savvy young editors, these publications have cultivated formidable reputations by grasping and capitalizing on a constellation of economic, political, and technological developments. The little magazines understand themselves as a radical alternative both to a journalistic trend toward facile, easily digestible content and to the perceived insularity and exclusivity of academic discourse. However, the bohemian tradition in which they operate predisposes them toward an insularity of their own. Their particular web of allusions, codes, and prerequisite knowledge can render them esoteric beyond the borders of a specific subculture and, in so doing, curtail their political potency and reproduce systems of privilege. This dissertation explores the tensions and limitations of the bohemian artist-activist ideal, and locates instances in which little magazines were able to successfully transcend subcultural boundaries to productively engage in a broader politics.

La thèse traite de l'industrialisation qui s'opère au sein des systèmes de distribution de la presse dans les pays de l'union européenne, notamment la France, la Grande-Bretagne, l'Allemagne, l'Italie et l'Espagne. L'accent est porté sur la libéralisation et la régulation du processus de diffusion des journaux et magazines selon des mécanismes et procédés empruntés à la logistique industrielle et au marketing distributeur propres au secteur de la distribution des marchandises courantes. Après avoir présenté les contraintes et les spécificités liées à l'étude comparative des marchés de la diffusion de la presse, nous proposons dans un premier temps, une analyse structurelle du système de distribution des titres afin de mettre en évidence les mutations managériales au sein de la chaîne d'édition et de diffusion. Dans un second temps, nous analysons le processus relationnel et de rémunération régulant le travail d'échange et de prestation entre les membres en vue de faire ressortir les pratiques marchandes. Le cadre de résolution globale s'inscrit dans une perspective méthodologique développée à l'origine par l'économie industrielle en vue d'analyser la structure du marché de l'offre d'une industrie, et se réfère également à des approches juridique, financière et de gestion. Hormis ce cadre théorique, la thèse essaie de rendre compte de l'environnement industriel des différents maillons de la chaîne de diffusion en s'appuyant sur les modèles d'analyse des canaux de la distribution courante. En somme, la démarche méthodologique que nous revendiquons se situe à l'intersection de l'économie industrielle et de l'économie de la culture et de la communication.

<p>Abstract:</p><p>Title: “Solo has got a little sister! – A study how the form and content differ between the magazines Solo and Solo G</p><p>(Solo har fått en lillasyster! – En studie om hur formen och innehållet skiljer sig emellan tidningarna Solo och Solo G)</p><p>Number of pages: 37 pages</p><p>Author: Johanna Laurell</p><p>Tutor: Göran Svensson</p><p>Course: Media and communication studies C</p><p>Period: Autumn term 2005</p><p>University: Division of Media and Communication, Departement of Information Science, Uppsala University.</p><p>Pupose/Aim: This essay aims to investigate how the form and content in the magazine Solo G, which direct to a younger target group, differ from the magazine Solo which directs to an older target group. In this analyse of form and content have I also chose to study how the magazine present femininity and how this affect the female identity.</p><p>Material/Method: The material consists of 4 magazines from Solo and Solo G during 2005. A qualitative text analysis has then been used as a method of analysing the material.</p><p>Main results: Solo G focuses a lot more on celebrities than Solo. Solo G uses the celebrities as role models to the youth to look up to. There is also a difference how the magazines talk to their readers. Solo directs to their readers and they try to analyse their behaviour. Solo G focuses on celebrities and tells to their readers to look as them and to behave like they behave. Both magazines are mainly about female beauty, sex and how women should loose weight.</p><p>Keywords: Women magazines, identity, identification, and femininity</p>

Abstract: Title: “Solo has got a little sister! – A study how the form and content differ between the magazines Solo and Solo G (Solo har fått en lillasyster! – En studie om hur formen och innehållet skiljer sig emellan tidningarna Solo och Solo G) Number of pages: 37 pages Author: Johanna Laurell Tutor: Göran Svensson Course: Media and communication studies C Period: Autumn term 2005 University: Division of Media and Communication, Departement of Information Science, Uppsala University. Pupose/Aim: This essay aims to investigate how the form and content in the magazine Solo G, which direct to a younger target group, differ from the magazine Solo which directs to an older target group. In this analyse of form and content have I also chose to study how the magazine present femininity and how this affect the female identity. Material/Method: The material consists of 4 magazines from Solo and Solo G during 2005. A qualitative text analysis has then been used as a method of analysing the material. Main results: Solo G focuses a lot more on celebrities than Solo. Solo G uses the celebrities as role models to the youth to look up to. There is also a difference how the magazines talk to their readers. Solo directs to their readers and they try to analyse their behaviour. Solo G focuses on celebrities and tells to their readers to look as them and to behave like they behave. Both magazines are mainly about female beauty, sex and how women should loose weight. Keywords: Women magazines, identity, identification, and femininity

This thesis applies the radical feminist perspective set out by MacKinnon (1993) and Dworkin (1995), to analyze the construction of female sexuality within popular Canadian men’s pornographic magazines and non-pornographic magazines. A mixed methods approach was used to analyze the images and text within the feature articles of the selected magazines. Results revealed that women continue to be constructed as sexual objects within both categories of magazines, but the earlier link identified by MacKinnon and Dworkin between violence and sexuality was on longer apparent. Instead, women were a sexual puzzle that the magazines attempted to unpack. Rather than a strict dichotomy between pornographic and non-pornographic magazines, a continuum of grey emerged whereby the level of explicitness between the two magazines increased as the continuum progressed from left to right, thereby demonstrating the pornographication of mainstream media, as per McNair (2002).

This thesis applies the radical feminist perspective set out by MacKinnon (1993) and Dworkin (1995), to analyze the construction of female sexuality within popular Canadian men’s pornographic magazines and non-pornographic magazines. A mixed methods approach was used to analyze the images and text within the feature articles of the selected magazines. Results revealed that women continue to be constructed as sexual objects within both categories of magazines, but the earlier link identified by MacKinnon and Dworkin between violence and sexuality was on longer apparent. Instead, women were a sexual puzzle that the magazines attempted to unpack. Rather than a strict dichotomy between pornographic and non-pornographic magazines, a continuum of grey emerged whereby the level of explicitness between the two magazines increased as the continuum progressed from left to right, thereby demonstrating the pornographication of mainstream media, as per McNair (2002).

Consiste en un análisis sistemático y comparativo, durante los últimos 25 años, periodo de importantes transformaciones históricas, sociales y culturales en España (1974-1999). El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar cómo han presentado los dominicales, tanto en las informaciones y artículos de opinión como en la publicidad, dichos cambios sociales, poniendo atención en los nuevos estilos de vida, en los valores éticos y estéticos que impone la sociedad de consumo. Asimismo, sistematizar algunas pautas para la lectura crítica de las informaciones y la publicidad de la prensa, que den una visión más amplia y plural de la realidad social. Otra finalidad es contrastar los textos periodísticos seleccionados con el contexto histórico y la explicación histórica del periodo, elaborada por los historiadores, con el objetivo de dar a conocer aspectos de la realidad social que el discurso historiográfico ha invisibilizado. La hipótesis central de esta investigación es que los dominicales han jugado un papel fundamental en la consolidación de la sociedad de consumo en España durante los últimos 25 años, estableciendo modelos de conducta, estilos de vida y valores éticos y estéticos dirigidos principalmente a las elites dominantes como una forma de identificación y a la sociedad en general, como una forma de control. La muestra del análisis la constituyen los suplementos dominicales de tres diarios publicados entre 1974 y 1999 de difusión nacional (España). Para el análisis cuantitativo se revisaron 15 ejemplares, o sea, un total de 776 unidades comunicativas y para el análisis cualitativo se revisaron aproximadamente 440 ejemplares. / This doctoral thesis is a systematic and comparative analysis, during last twenty five years, an important historical, social and cultural period of transformations in Spain (1974-1999). The objective of this investigation is to analyze how the newspapers magazines have presented these social changes in the information, opinion articles and publicity, paying attention in the new life styles, in the ethical and aesthetic values that the consumer society imposes. Also, to systematize some guidelines for the critical reading of the press information and publicity, that give an ampler and plural vision of the social reality. Another proposal is to compare selected journalistic texts with the historical context and the historiographic works of period, in order to demonstrate to social reality aspects that the historians silence. The investigation main hypothesis is that the newspapers magazines have played a fundamental role in the consolidation of the consumer society in Spain during last twenty five years, establishing conduct models, life styles and ethical and aesthetic values directed mainly to the dominant elites as a identification form and to all the society, as a control form. The analysis sample is the newspapers magazines of three newspapers published between 1974 and 1999 of national diffusion (Spain). For the quantitative analysis 15 units were reviewed, corresponding to 776 communication units and for the qualitative analysis reviewed approximately 440 units.

This essay is an analysis of mythologies in the Swedish women´s magazine VeckoRevyn. The magazine’s own explicit purpose is to break down the unhealthy opinion of what beauty is in their industry today. By content and linguistic analysis the results of this study are interconnected to the beauty myth as it was established by Naomi Wolf in 1991. The goal is to pinpoint how VeckoRevyn’s question and answer columns construct relationships to their readers, and the mythologies that they maintain. The columns mostly focus on the readers’ physical appearance, and the beauty myth is clearly an inevitable influence. The main conclusion that can be drawn from this is that the beauty myth is hard-wired into our society’s subconscious. VeckoRevyn is working to prevent this, and even though they have not fully succeeded, they are a part of bringing the phenomenon to the surface of society.

The purpose of this study was to see if there are any differences between high school girls and boy’s reception ability and memory after reading two Swedish lifestyle magazines. 9 boys and 9 girls from ages 17-18 were chosen to participate in the study. They were placed in a room one by one where they had to read one women’s magazine (Cosmopolitan) and one men’s magazine (Café). They did not know this was a memory and reception test until after they finished their reading. With help from former reception studies and the magazines, questions were selected so the interviews would give as much information as possible. The study gave some unexpected results, for example both genders seemed to remember numbers very well even if they didn’t remember the article itself. The myth that boys pay immediate attention to half naked girls more than anything else was not confirmed. They seemed to look at the half naked guys to compare themselves instead. When it comes to who remembered the most, girls outshined the boys. They paid more attention to the magazines and they got higher scores on the questions during the interviews. Overall the participants remembered far less than they thought which indicated that when they read these magazines they don’t think or reflect much. Interesting was the most common answer to why they seemed to remember an article.

Avsikten med denna fallstudie är att jämföra annonsering i några svenska magasins tryckta och digitala upplaga. Fokus ligger på hur annonseringen förändrats i övergången från tryckt till digital produkt. Skillnader i mängden annonser, dess layout samt avsändare och budskap har undersökts.  I vilken grad annonsering i de digitala magasinen använder sig av multimedieinnehåll ämnas också undersökas. Det vill säga ljud, video och hyperlänkning samt länkning till sociala nätverk. Uppsatsens uppgift är att ge en inblick i hur annonseringen i de digitala magasinen ter sig och skiljer sig från den i de analoga utgåvorna. Undersökningen ska också ge svar på om den webbaserade annonseringsmetoden affiliate annonsering kan vara ett sätt för magasinen att skapa nya och lönsamma modeller för annonsering i den digitala upplagan. Genom att använda en kombination av den kvalitativa och kvantitativa innehållsanalysen har tre olika svenska magasin i båda upplagor undersökts. Dessa är Runners World, Mobil och Sköna hem. Överlag har magasinen lika mycket annonsering i sina båda upplagor och dessa upptar generellt lika mycket utrymme och är placerade på samma sidor. Några skillnader i hur annonsernas layout är utformad i de digitala magasinen förekommer inte. Detta gäller också avsändare och budskap för annonserna. Det finns dock undantag från dessa likheter och beror då på att den digitala upplagan i undantagsfall är kraftigt omarbetad och innehåller en mindre mängd annonser, från helt andra annonsörer. Beträffande användandet av multimedia och interaktivitet har de digitala magasinen utvecklats olika mycket. Den digitala annonseringen spänner från helt statiska annonser hämtade från den tryckta upplagan till att använda en rik flora av olika multimedieelement. Hyperlänkning är relativt vanligt förekommande medan video är relativt ovanligt.  Några kopplingar till sociala nätverk förekommer inte i de digitala magasinen. I de magasin som tillämpar hyperlänkning och multimedia skulle affiliate annonsering vara ett sätt för förlagen att vända trenden med minskade annonsintäkter och skapa en attraktiv, prestationsbaserad betalningsmodell. / The purpose of this case study is to compare advertising in Swedish magazines printed and digital editions. Focus is on how the advertising has changed in the transition from printed to digital product.  The amount of advertisements, the layout, company or organization behind it and the overall advertising message is also a part of this study. To which degree the digital magazines utilize multimedia content such as video, sound, hyperlinks and connections with social networking sites are also meant to be investigated. The overall aim of this thesis is to give a clear understanding of how advertising in both digital and printed editions differs from each other. This study should also answer if the web-based marketing method affiliate marketing could be one way for the magazines to create a new and profitable advertising model for the digital edition. By using a combination of qualitative and quantitative content analysis three Swedish magazines in both editions has been compared to each other. These are Runners World, Mobil and Sköna hem. Overall the magazines contain the same amount of advertising in both printed and digital edition. They occupy the same space and are place at the same pages in both editions. Differences in layout has not ben observed. This also applies to company or organization behind the advertisement and the message mediated in them. There are off course exemptions from these similarities. This because of rare cases where the digital editions have been substantially revised, resulting in fewer pages than in the printed edition and a completely new set of advertisers. The use of multimedia and interactivity in the digital magazines has evolved in various degrees. Digital advertisement differs from the completely static as in printed magazines to the implementation of a rich variety of multimedia. Hyperlinks is common but video is still rare. Integration with social networks in the advertisements of digital magazines is non-existent. In magazines that utilize hyperlinks and other multi media could affiliate marketing be one solution for the publishers to turn the negative trend with declining ad revenues and create an attractive and performance based economic model.