Submitted by Bruna Rodrigues (bruna92rodrigues@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-14T13:34:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFAP.pdf: 5507519 bytes, checksum: aaf62b16f926bbfc5bc09b96da1fa0d6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-15T13:52:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFAP.pdf: 5507519 bytes, checksum: aaf62b16f926bbfc5bc09b96da1fa0d6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-15T13:52:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFAP.pdf: 5507519 bytes, checksum: aaf62b16f926bbfc5bc09b96da1fa0d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-15T13:53:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFAP.pdf: 5507519 bytes, checksum: aaf62b16f926bbfc5bc09b96da1fa0d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-10 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / This dissertation wish to comprehend the strategic use of digital and mobile medias by men from countryside of São Paulo state that search for secret relations between men. My field has its base on Sao Carlos’s city, located in the central area of the state, and focus on the use of seeking applications for loving and sexual men partners between 18 and 60 ages. Considering Queer Theory, Brazilian studies of sexuality and other searches about digital medias, I take as hypothesis that the dynamic of secret that involves the homoerotic relations in this area has the objective to preserve the security in spaces such as family and work. Associating the ethnography work to the interviews, quantitative data and sources about use of digital medias, I look for understanding how the secret is connected to the interurban mobility, geographic location, life’s style, education, income and profession. Taking into consideration the social and technical context of medias reception, I analyze which displacements and repertory’s rearrangements to qualify the desire have been possible by means of the conventions and codes flow digitally mediated. / Esta dissertação deseja compreender o uso estratégico que homens do interior de São Paulo fazem das mídias digitais móveis visando criar relações com outros homens em segredo. Meu campo toma como base a cidade de São Carlos, localizada na região central do Estado, e foca no uso de aplicativos de busca para parceiros amorosos e sexuais por homens com idade entre 18 e 60 anos. Em diálogo com a Teoria Queer, os estudos brasileiros sobre sexualidade e outras pesquisas sobre mídias digitais, parto da hipótese de que a dinâmica do segredo que envolve as relações homoeróticas nessa região tem como objetivo manter a segurança nos espaços da família e do trabalho. Associando o trabalho etnográfico às entrevistas, aos dados quantitativos e às fontes sobre o uso das mídias digitais, procuro compreender como o segredo se liga ao acesso à mobilidade interurbana, à localização geográfica, ao estilo de vida, à educação, à renda, à profissão. Considerando o contexto sociotécnico de recepção das mídias, analiso quais deslocamentos e rearranjos no repertório para qualificar o desejo foram possíveis mediante o fluxo de convenções e códigos digitalmente mediados.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:39:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 714136 bytes, checksum: 4448eb70b1d25546b647fd8be4ebc5f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Along our study we discuss the construction of the protagonists of two narratives: O Barão de Lavos (1891), by the Portuguese writer Abel Botelho, and Bom-Crioulo (1895), by the Brazilian writer Adolfo Caminha. In both narratives, male homosexuality and hibridity are negatively portrayed through the naturalist perspective, being classified as abnormal and dangerous since they oppose the objectives of the civilizing project that would be implemented in Brazil and in Portugal. Thus, comparative readings of both novels allow us to recognize the way socially rejected masculinities as well as hybridity were integrated to the optic of colonial desire proposed by the civilizing project of the 19th century. In this way, in both narratives homosexuality appears attached to the (hybrid) baron of Lavos and to the (black) Bom Crioulo as marks of rejection and marginalization generally imputed to any sexuality or race opposed to the heterosexual model. Even the genetic formation of both characters made it impossible for them to participate of the future republican project desired by Portugal and Brazil. The very negative markers that were imputed on these two literary figures because of social, cultural and political reasons, masqueraded as genetic heritage, were the reasons for the development of our alternative reading of these narratives, an analysis that used cultural studies and gender studies as its theoretical foundations. In respect to the heterocentrist and white model recognized in several naturalist narratives, which here aimed, through the voice of narrators, to identify the Baron and Bom-Crioulo as transgressors, in our study we indicate the possibility of diverse expressions of subjectivity, showing how different these can be from the narrow limits offered by the imposed hegemonic culture. This space for a different reading came through the oscillations and ambiguities present in voice of naturalist narrator. / Neste trabalho discutimos como são moldados os protagonistas das narrativas O Barão de Lavos, do português Abel Botelho, e Bom-Crioulo, do brasileiro Adolfo Caminha. Nestas, as homossexualidades masculinas e a hibridização aparecem negativamente marcadas pelo olhar naturalista dos narradores, que as adjetivam de anormais e perigosas por serem antagônicas aos objetivos do processo civilizatório que deveriam ser implantados em Portugal e no Brasil do século XIX. Assim, a leitura dos respectivos romances pelo viés comparativo, permite que reconheçamos de que forma as masculinidades socialmente rejeitadas e a mistura racial estavam integradas à ótica do desejo colonial proposto. Deste modo, nas duas narrativas, as homossexualidades do híbrido Barão e do negro Bom-Crioulo, lhes são atribuídas como forma de rejeição e marginalização por serem manifestações contrárias à heterossexualidade compulsória. As respectivas formações genéticas destes personagens retiravam deles o direito de participar dos futuros projetos republicanos objetivados para Portugal e Brasil. Os marcadores negativos imputados a estas personagens literárias por questões sociais, culturais e políticas, mascaradas como herança genética, provocaram o desencadear de nossa análise, que se apoiou nos estudos culturais e de gênero. Assim, em relação ao reconhecido modelo heterocentrista e branco marcadamente presente nas narrativas naturalistas, que pretendeu, através de seus narradores, enquadrar o Barão e Bom- Crioulo como transgressores, indicamos em nosso estudo as diversas possibilidades de manifestação das subjetividades e como essas podem ir além das fronteiras da cultura imposta pela perspectiva do dominante, especificamente pela oscilação ou ambiguidade sempre possível na voz narrativa naturalista.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-15T17:24:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO - NATÁLIA FREITAS - PROGRAMA DE PÓS GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM - UFPE - 2016.pdf: 2745711 bytes, checksum: d57e553ab8051c4dd7a427270bf50af7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-15T17:24:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO - NATÁLIA FREITAS - PROGRAMA DE PÓS GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM - UFPE - 2016.pdf: 2745711 bytes, checksum: d57e553ab8051c4dd7a427270bf50af7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / A temática da homossexualidade, mesmo com todos os avanços, ainda se encontra incipiente na sociedade. A cultura da heterossexualidade preconizada pelos conceitos de multiplicação e povoação da terra dificulta a compreensão das relações entre indivíduos do mesmo sexo. Por não corresponderem às “normatizações” da sociedade e por não apresentarem, muitas vezes, o apoio da rede social, sobressai sobre esse grupo populacional uma atitude discriminatória alicerçada, no contexto histórico e cultural de culpabilização e punição dos mesmos, ao adquirirem infecção pelo vírus HIV, desta forma os homossexuais assumem uma orientação sexual heterossexual, e tornam-se indivíduos susceptíveis a fatores de risco que os deixam vulneráveis à infecção pelo vírus HIV. Assim, a Teoria das Representações Sociais surge para o conhecimento do senso comum sobre HIV/AIDS, neste sentido, o presente estudo foi conduzido a partir do seguinte questionamento: Quais as representações sociais de jovens homossexuais masculinos no que se refere ao comportamento sexual nas práticas de prevenção do HIV/AIDS? Para tanto, esta dissertação objetivou analisar as representações sociais de jovens homossexuais masculinos no que se refere ao comportamento sexual nas práticas de prevenção do HIV/AIDS. Para embasar a pesquisa, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados PUBMED/MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, BDENF e na biblioteca virtual SciELO. Essa revisão objetivou analisar as evidências científicas acerca da percepção social sobre os fatores de risco ao HIV/AIDS em jovens homossexuais masculinos. Os resultados foram submetidos a uma avaliação metodológica por um instrumento adaptado do Critical Appraisal Skills Programme e os que compuseram a amostra foram analisados no Software Atlas. Ti. A amostra foi composta por oito artigos, seis na língua inglesa, um na língua espanhola e um na língua portuguesa. A revisão evidenciou que diversos fatores podem contribuir para o risco de infecção ao HIV/AIDS em jovens homossexuais masculinos, como os comportamentais, sociais, econômicos, financeiros, educacionais e ambientes. Os artigos originais são estudos descritivos exploratórios, de abordagem qualitativa, guiado pela Teoria das Representações Sociais. Os participantes do estudo foram jovens homossexuais masculinos. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevistas gravadas com auxílio do roteiro semiestruturado e diário de campo. A análise dos dados foi concretizada por meio do Software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ) versão 0.7. O primeiro artigo original teve o objetivo de conhecer as representações sociais de jovens homossexuais masculinos sobre HIV/AIDS e Identificar a influência dessas representações no comportamento de risco. O mesmo evidenciou os conteúdos representacionais sobre HIV/AIDS e em que se encontram ancorados. O segundo artigo original, cujos objetivos foram conhecer as relações sociais dos jovens homossexuais masculinos com suas famílias, amigos, instituições religiosas e instituições trabalhistas, procurou identificar a influência dessas relações sobre os comportamentos de riscos. Informou sobre as relações sociais dos jovens homossexuais masculinos e a influencia na vulnerabilidade dos indivíduos. A amostra foi totalizada por 20 jovens na faixa etária dos 18 aos 24 anos selecionados pela técnica em cadeia (snowball). As representações sociais dos jovens homossexuais masculinos estão reportadas a doença e ancoradas nas percepções negativistas; portanto, torna-se necessária uma reflexão sobre o senso comum compartilhado neste público e uma reavaliação sobre os fatores que predispõem os jovens a infecção pelo HIV/AIDS. / The theme of homosexuality even with all the advances is still incipient in society. The culture of heterosexuality advocated by the concepts of multiplication and settlement of land hinders the understanding of the relationships between individuals of the same sex. It does not correspond to the "norms" of society and for not having often support from their social network, homosexuals assume an identity and different sexual orientation of their becoming susceptible individuals to risk factors that vulnerabilizam to infection HIV virus. Therefore, the Theory of Social Representations arises as a possibility for common sense knowledge about HIV / AIDS. Thus, this study was conducted from the following question: What are the social representations of young gay men about HIV / AIDS? To so this dissertation aimed to analyze the social representations of Young Gay Men HIV / AIDS. To support research, an integrative review was performed in PUBMED, CINAHL, LILACS, BDENF and SciELO virtual library. This review aimed to analyze the scientific evidence about the social perception of the risk factors for HIV / AIDS in young gay men. The results were subjected to a methodological assessment by an adapted instrument Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and in the sample were analyzed in the Atlas Software. It. The sample consisted of eight articles, six in English, one in Spanish and one in Portuguese. The review revealed that several factors may contribute to the risk of infection with HIV / AIDS in young gay men, for example, have been behavioral, social, economic, financial, and educational environments. Original articles are exploratory descriptive study of qualitative approach, guided by the theory of social representations. Study participants were young gay men. The data were produced through interviews recorded with the aid of semi-structured and the field diary. Data analysis was accomplished through the Software R Interface pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles of Textes et Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ) version 0.7. The first original article had order to know the social representations of young gay men about HIV / AIDS and identify the influence of these representations in risky behavior. The same evidenced representational content on HIV / AIDS and in which it is anchored. The second original article aims to better understand the social relations of young gay men with their families, friends, religious institutions and labor institutions and identify the influence of these relations on risk behaviors. He reported on the social relations of young gay men and influences the vulnerability of individuals. The sample was totaled by 20 young people aged 18 to 24 years selected by the chain technique (snowball). Social representations of young gay men are reported to pathology and anchored the naysayers perceptions. It is necessary to reflect on the common sense shared in the public and a reassessment of the factors that predispose young people to HIV / AIDS

Orientador: Maria Filomena Gregori / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T15:57:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Braz_CamiloAlbuquerquede_D.pdf: 2951275 bytes, checksum: c311186fb4630a1b18dba1052aeec890 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Esta etnografia foi feita a partir de locais comerciais para encontros sexuais entre homens, notadamente clubes de sexo, na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. O objetivo geral é o de trazer elementos empíricos para os debates sócio-antropológicos atuais em torno das sexualidades e erotismos "não-heterossexuais", em contextos de segmentação de mercado. Além disso, dialogar com os debates contemporâneos acerca da relação entre "homossexualidades" e "masculinidades". A escolha de clubes de sexo para homens como campo de investigação foi estratégica, pois permitiu articular 1) o processo de criação de novas segmentações no mercado de lazer sexual entre homens no Brasil com 2) a apropriação contextual de um processo que alude à valorização, incorporação e performatividade de estereótipos relacionados à virilidade nas relações afetivo-sexuais entre homens. Os leather sex clubs norte-americanos e europeus de meados dos anos 1960 a 1980 são aqui tomados como uma espécie de convenção, que migrou via mercado para outros contextos, a partir dos anos 1990. Uma aproximação para a compreensão deste processo no Brasil é dada a partir dos clubes de sexo duro de Madrid, na Espanha. Apresento a história dos clubes de sexo paulistanos a partir das entrevistas com seus donos e idealizadores, discutindo o contexto que tornou tais estabelecimentos possíveis, aliando segmentação de mercado às próprias trajetórias e escolhas eróticas dessas pessoas. Indago acerca dos sentidos que adquirem esses estabelecimentos para quem os usa e sobre como os freqüentadores interpretam as experiências neles vividas. Por fim, abordo o tema do controle, nos clubes, de práticas corporais tomadas como potencialmente descontroladas. Isso leva à questão: quais são os corpos que importam nesses locais? A análise sugere que essas experiências à meia-luz estão norteadas não apenas por marcadores sociais de diferença, mas também pela idéia do controle / Abstract: This ethnography stems from venues for sexual encounters between men, notably sex clubs in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The overall objective is to bring empirical evidence to the current socio-anthropological debates about the "non-heterosexual" sexualities and eroticisms, in contexts of market segmentation. In addition, there is the aim to liaise with contemporary debates about the relationship between "homosexuality" and "masculinities". The choice of sex clubs for men as a research was crucial as it links 1) the process of creating further fragmentation in men's sexual pleasure market in Brazil to 2) the appropriation of a contextual process which refers to valuation, incorporation and performativity of masculinity stereotypes in affective-sexual relationships between men. The mid-1960's to mid-1980's American and European leather sex clubs are viewed here as a kind of convention that migrated through the market to other contexts, from the 1990's onwards. One approach to understanding this process in Brazil is looking at the hard-core sex clubs (clubes de sexo duro) from Madrid, Spain. I present the history of sex clubs in São Paulo from interviews with owners and idealizers, discussing the context that generated the clubs and combining market segmentation with designers' own paths and erotic choices. I inquire about these establishments' hues which relate to those who use them and about how goers interpret their experiences at the clubs. Finally, I discuss the control of bodily practices taken as potentially uncontrolled at clubs. This raises the question: which are the bodies that matter at these venues? The analysis suggests that these experiences in half-light are guided not only by social markers of difference, but also by the idea of control / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais / Doutor em Ciências Sociais

Queer Transgressions: The choreographing of a male homosexual presence with reference to selected choreographers explores queer identity and in particular representations of a male homosexual presence in dance. Within the methodological framework of dance studies and queer theory I explore the ―self fashioning‖ of my male homosexual presence in dance. This is achieved by critically deconstructing my choreographic process when making choreography. Therefore this thesis is informed by both academic research and my self-reflexive experience of choreography and dance performance. The deconstruction of my autobiography and choreographic process is discussed with reference to both international and South African queer choreographers. This means that by accounting for my own experiences and approaches toward representing a male homosexual presence in dance, I explore the history and engagements of other queer choreographers also creating such representations. I therefore examine the works of selected choreographers and chart the development of the representation of a male homosexual presence in dance. By exploring the choreographic process of other queer choreographers I identify choreographic tactics that queer choreographers are using when making work. From this point of departure I shift the focus away from international queer choreographers and provide insight into the choreographic processes of South African queer choreographers. By accounting for the works and choreographic processes of South African choreographers, I provide a context in which my choreographic explorations on the subject matter can take place. This choreographic exploration manifests itself through a self-reflexive/autobiographic account on the research and practice of my choreographic process. During my choreographic exploration I set the challenge to both engage with and explore further, established ―queering tactics. This is done with the intention to reveal and create representations of a male homosexual presence in dance.

Little is known about the healthcare experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) young adults (ages 18-24) and even less is known about LGB college students (ages 18-24). Helping LGB college students effectively access appropriate, sensitive healthcare has the potential to reduce negative long-term health consequences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the healthcare experiences of LGB college students (ages 18-24) in the local college community using community-based participatory research (CBPR). Three online synchronous focus groups and one online individual interview were conducted with 19 LGB college students between January and February 2011. The focus groups were segmented into lesbian (n= 7), gay (n= 7), and female bisexual (n = 4) groups. One male bisexual was interviewed individually. The mean age of the sample was 20.7 years (SD = 1.2, range = 19-24). The sample was predominately White non-Hispanic (85%). Qualitative content analysis was used to describe the healthcare experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual college students in the local community. One overarching theme (not all the same), one main theme (comfort during the clinical encounter), three sub themes (personalizing the clinical encounter, deciding to disclose and social stigma, and seeking support of self-identified sexual orientation) and one preliminary sub theme (perceived confidentiality) emerged from the analysis. One major action emerged from the analysis and supported the development of the social network site (on Facebook) entitled: College Alliance Towards Community Health (CATCH). The mission of CATCH is to provide LGB college students in the local community with a comfortable forum to learn about various healthcare concerns of lesbian, gay, and bisexual college students. Additional implications for nursing practice and implications for further research in the LGB college community are addressed.

Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / Same-sex sexuality research in the field of psychology has adopted various different perspectives during recent history. Often these perspectives have been limiting in how sexuality is understood, and in answering why different forms of expression manifest. The normative research approach is to comprehend sex and sexuality as a set of physical behaviours that ideally should be regulated through models of rational decision making. Also, much of same-sex research has placed an almost exclusive focus on the behaviours of white, middle-class men. International same-sex sexuality research places heavy emphasis on matters of sexual health, notably that of HIV. Furthermore, the research is strongly influenced by quantitative methods of capturing information. Limited studies have been conducted on African same-sex interactions. The work that has been done is clustered mainly around the field of historical, sociological and anthropological investigations. In South Africa, it is remarked that we have not yet begun to debate the complexities of differing ‘sexual orientations’, both in terms of how it relates to HIV, as well as how sexual orientation is understood amongst the many cultural and ethnic groups in the country. Also, sexuality in all its forms has historically been understood as a private matter, and was also highly regulated by the state apparatus, resulting in the extreme limitation of any kind of public sexual dialogue. Still, even in post-apartheid South Africa, sexuality remains contested. This study attempted to address some of the many issues relating to sexuality research in South Africa and elsewhere. It was decided to collect information on same-sex sexuality by focusing on coloured1 men from a rural district in the Western Cape. This target group was selected due to the immense lack of knowledge in the field of South African psychology regarding the constructions of sexuality of both same-sex practices and coloured men. The objective of the study was to gain an understanding of how sexuality is constructed and experienced in this specific community. This goal was reached by collecting qualitative data from in-depth, unstructured interviews. The qualitative results indicate a highly complex interplay between understandings of gender identity and sexuality. The respondents all identified as ‘gay’ men, connecting this with being feminine and “like a woman.” A strong focus on a specific type of bodily representation was also noted. The sex act was read by me as an act of submission, with respondents placing great emphasis on behaviour, with little or no weight given to the emotional loading of the event. Sex just “happens”, with participants constructing experiences that strongly suggest the importance of them being passive. This in turn lead to me interpreting narratives as suggesting continued exposure to sexual coercion. Meanings around oral and anal sex were also explored. The grounded theory method was used to analyse the qualitative data. The core category identified the need to be like a woman and to demonstrate extreme forms of femininity. I showed that specific communities of practice produce and hold the idea of equating gay with having to be feminine. Further, I argued that the idea of a passive female subjectivity strongly informs the participants’ sexual decision making. I conclude by suggesting that a different way of being feminine is needed in order for these participants’ to expand their sexuality.

Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research paper set out to discover whether a Christian Spiritual perspective (within a framework of a theology of affirmation and a psychological strengths perspective of fortigenesis) on basic threatening existential issues, such as HIV/AIDS Stigma, Homophobia, etc. can help MSM to reformulate the quest for meaning and be integrated in a holistic approach to spiritual healing in order to overcome the schism in HIV/AIDS: Friend or Foe? Setting the stage for exploring the world‟s worst global challenge within the health sector, and how it relates to the South African context for MSM. The research uncovered that MSM face the greatest challenge and burden of HIV/AIDS in many countries, however little research has focused on MSM and HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Literature links this to the fact that throughout Africa, the predominant view of same sex relationships as being un-African, sinful and an abomination. Pointing out that for MSM, the development of God-images usually occurs during the process of growth and maturation as an individual, where a multitude of experiences are based primarily through the filter of belonging to a minority, which are seen predominantly from society as being sinful. The possible multitude of traumatic and often fearful life experiences, including the potentially highly stressful and difficult process of informing their parents and families of their sexuality, may influence their emotional experience and ultimately their God-image. The God-image of parental love, acceptance and caring may be impacted on by fear of rejection and the lack of acceptance. The development of ambivalence may strongly impact on MSM God-images, resulting in conflicted experiences and understanding of God, where the God-image could become distant and judgmental (Hoffman, 2009:15-18). Something that is exacerbated by the stance of some belief systems promote the concept of “love the sinner, hate the sin”, which only results in MSM being ignored or having their partners/relationships rejected, thus isolating them within their own faith community. This impacts their spiritual/religious development and their participation in a non-affirming faith community can result in levels of increased internalized homonegativity (this is defined as negative attitudes to one‟s own homosexuality), causing poorer psychological health and lower self-regard. The dignity, identity and meaning of MSM are further impacted on by their minority existence within the context of South Africa, which places various traumatic stresses on MSM. These traumatic stresses are amplified by the constant negotiation of fear regarding the contracting of HIV/AIDS or even being diagnosed with the life threatening disease. Despite all these external and the resultant internal stressors, Graham and Kiguwa (2005) found that religion and spirituality is important to MSM-youth as it provides possible supportive structures and environments. Many of the MSM-youth believe in the Bible or ancestors (or even both), yet have chosen to adapt their beliefs by taking what was important for them from the Bible and ancestral belief systems. This they have done as the traditional view of religion and the Bible held by most people, where the scriptures are taken literally, is that homosexuality is a sin (Graham and Kiguwa, 2005:7-8). Within this research, the interviewees experienced all this; however the results also showed that all the participants found some beneficial aspects out of contracting HIV/AIDS, with various levels of meanings relating to a sense of growth for each interviewee, while 4 out of 5 indicated that spirituality played an important role in assisting them in improving their lives. It aided in helping them to develop a sense of connection to themselves and others, something that many felt was missing within their lives. They felt that if it hadn‟t been for HIV, they would not have increased their levels of spirituality. This is an important empirical finding with respect to the research question and hypothesis, which hypothesized that HIV/AIDS promoted changes within MSM that results in spiritual growth and the development of internal strengths that allow them to transcend above the stressor of HIV/AIDS. The idea that MSM experience spirituality as something helpful and essential, makes it important to note that comments in the empirical research indicated that they tended to believe that if a Higher Power is involved, that it is unconditionally loving, kind and friendly. This is an important description of a God image within Christian Spirituality, a possible God-image of a Partner for Life or Friend. Thus, for Christian Spirituality to play a role within the healing of MSM and to better enhance spirituality and lay a better spiritual foundation, and develop better internal strengths and existential states, it thus becomes important to explore how Christian Spirituality will be able to address these needs of MSM, within a theological framework of affirmation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Alexandre Costa Correia.pdf: 747330 bytes, checksum: 7dc32e072c783186f2b929ef7367bb23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper deals with the representation of old age and by the look of older gay men. The issue of aging has been discussed around the world, for it is a population in adherence among this population quota is the gay old. The development of this research is presented by analyzing and interpreting the representations of the speech of older gay men. Through a qualitative methodology. The research seeks to know a little of this old world of homosexuals, new social arrangements, as well as new emotional relationships outside heterosexual dominant group in society. Understand how the prejudice and stigma in relation to group and described and analyzed. Seek to understand their offices on aging, family, sexual orientation in order to meet this social group. The analysis of the data were grouped into categories testimonies that are recurring themes in the discourse of the subject, and his analysis was based on the theoretical / Este trabalho tratada da representação sobre velho e velhice através do olhar de homens homossexuais velhos. A questão do envelhecimento tem sido debatida em todo o mundo, por se trata de uma população em acessão, dentre este contingente populacional encontra-se os homossexuais velhos. O desenvolvimento desta pesquisa é apresentado pela analise e interpretação das representações do discurso de homens homossexuais velhos. Através de uma metodologia qualitativa. A pesquisa busca conhecer um pouco deste universo dos homossexuais velhos, novos arranjos sociais, assim como também novas relações afetivas distintas do grupo heterossexual dominante na sociedade. Entender como o preconceito e o estigma em relação a grupo e descritos e analisados. Buscar compreender suas representações sobre velhice, família, orientação sexual de maneira a conhecer este grupo social. A analise dos dados os depoimentos foram agrupados em categorias que são temas recorrentes no discurso dos sujeitos, e sua analise foi fundamentada nos teóricos

介紹 / 愛滋病在中國男男性行為者中的流行持續增長，而新感染HIV的男男性行為者扮演著重要角色。本民族志研究採用了社會生態模式來探討與新感染HIV的男男性行為者中HIV二代傳播、心理健康、以及使用健康服務相關的問題。研究方法包括深入訪談、焦點小組訪談、非正式訪談和參與觀察。此外還採訪了志願者和醫護人員。資料分析採用主題內容分析法。 / 結果 / 在確診為HIV呈陽性後，大多數的男男性行為者經受過一定程度的心理及精神上的問題。與HIV相關的緊張性刺激影響著他們適應這個確診。HIV與一些重要的心理、社會和文化的條件呈現一種綜合流行。而大多數的男男性行為者通過自身的應變能力逐漸康復，其中一些人甚至體驗到某種程度的成長。人的應變能力是一種基於個人與環境互動的建構。 / 11名（占24.4%）HIV呈陽性的男男性行為者報告發生過無保護的肛交行為。基於性伴侶的不同類型，與無保護肛交行為相關的因素則有所不同。這些無保護的肛交行為往往同時伴隨著物質濫用、對風險的錯誤認識、以及消極的情緒或者心理和精神問題。阻礙無保護肛交行為發生的積極因素包括社會支援、自我保健、自我保護和志願服務。 / 自上而下的公共衛生服務傾向於控制和檢測而不是賦權于男男性行為人群，並且在很大程度上忽視了新感染HIV的男男性行為者的心理和精神健康、性健康、以及自我保健的能力。新感染HIV的男男性行為者的未滿足的需求已經被識別，且他們更願意到男男性行為人群的社區，尤其是感染者小組那裏去尋求服務和支援。但男男性行為人群的草根組織卻缺乏資金和技術的支持。 / 結論 / 新感染HIV的男男性行為者所遭遇的問題都植根於特定的個人際遇以及他們所生活的社會生態系統。是時候採取一種廣泛而綜合的“健康同志社區的觀點、促進自我保健的策略、以及具有文化敏感性和社會效能的措施來預防HIV的二代傳播以及促進新感染HIV的男男性行為者的社會福祉。人類行為的非線性的特徵要求愛滋病健康行為研究從強調生物行為的範式轉移到著重愛滋病的社會根源的範式中來。 / Introduction / Newly diagnosed HIV positive men who have sex with men (NHIVMSM) play an important role in accelerating the high HIV prevalence in China. This ethnographic study, employing a modified social ecological model integrating concepts of adaptation, cognition, affect and action, investigated the inter-related issues on secondary HIV transmission, mental health and services utilization in this population. Methodologies included in-depth interviews, focus groups, informal interviews and participant observations. Moreover, information was also obtained from volunteers and health care workers. Thematic content analysis was performed. / Results / Most respondents commonly experienced psychological or mental health problems (e.g. depressive symptoms and anxiety) after their HIV diagnosis. HIV stressors, such as constraints of being HIV positive, limited information and knowledge of HIV/AIDS, ART and its side effects, associated co-morbidities and significant costs in health care, appeared to shape their adaptation to the diagnosis. Moreover, a syndemic was apparent among NHIVMSM and some influential psycho-social and cultural conditions, such as adversities in their migrants’ life, social suffering as MSM, cultural trauma, stigma and discrimination. Most respondents drew on a range of personal resilience strategies and some respondents testified to have achieved post-traumatic growth. Resilience was presented within a person-situation interactional construct. / Eleven (24.4%) respondents reported practicing unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). Several respondents reported their UAI had occurred in the first few months after their diagnosis when they suffered considerably from uncertainty, perceived stigma and identity struggles. Factors associated with UAI were based on differing partner types, such as fear of losing partners in a context of non-serostatus disclosure in lovers or stable partners, tongzhi (gay) sauna setting and moral judgment in casual partners, and poor economic status in commercial partners. UAI usually happened simultaneously in context of substance use, risk misconceptions, encountering negative emotion or mental health problems. Positive factors against UAI included social support, self-care, self-protection and volunteerism. / The current top-down public health services tended to operate on control and surveillance instead of empowering MSM. This approach largely ignored psychological and mental health, sexual health and self-care capacities among NHIVMSM, whose unmet needs were identified as preferring to obtain services and support from MSM and/or PLWH communities. However, current MSM organizations lacked funding and technical support. Health care providers operated with suboptimal care protocols, training and technical support. Coordination and collaborations among health care institutes and MSM communities were relatively weak. Tailored participatory health care is warranted, such as volunteerism, greater involvement of PLWH, health navigators and building supportive environment and services. / Conclusions / The problems of psychological and mental health, risky sexual behavior (UAI) and health services utilization that NHIVMSM encountered resulted from interactions between personal experiences and the social ecological systems they inhabited. Recommendation drawn include adopting a comprehensive and inclusive “healthy MSM community“ approach and a strategy of facilitating self-care to carry out culturally sensitive and socially effective measures to prevent secondary HIV transmission and to promote wellbeing among NHIVMSM. An emerging theoretical implication is that the nonlinearity of human behaviour requires paradigm shifting from a bio-behavioural emphasis to the social origin of HIV/AIDS. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Li, Haochu. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 425-457). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese; appendixes includes Chinese. / Abstract (English) --- p.iv / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.vii / Acknowledgements --- p.ix / Table of Contents --- p.xi / List of Tables and Figures --- p.xv / Glossary --- p.xvi / Abbreviation --- p.xviii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- High HIV prevalence and incidence among MSM in China --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Social and cultural environment faced by HIV positive MSM --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Sexual risk and secondary HIV transmission among HIV positive (and newly diagnosed) MSM --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- Psychological and mental health among HIV positive (and newly diagnosed) MSM --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4 --- Health service utilization among HIV positive (and newly diagnosed) MSM --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5 --- Exploring complexities of secondary HIV transmission through qualitative studies --- p.14 / Chapter 1.6 --- Theories, concepts and the research framework --- p.15 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Conceptualization of adaptation in medical anthropology --- p.15 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- The social ecological model --- p.17 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Cognitive adaptation and self-control --- p.19 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Emotion and motivation are influential in health behaviour --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6.5 --- Action world and its role in health behaviour --- p.24 / Chapter 1.6.6 --- Social control/social order --- p.26 / Chapter 1.6.7 --- Stigma --- p.27 / Chapter 1.6.8 --- Identity control --- p.29 / Chapter 1.6.9 --- Research framework --- p.32 / Chapter 1.7 --- Goals, objectives and research questions --- p.34 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Methodology --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1. --- Entrée into the field --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- The start of the research --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Pilot work --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2 --- The participants --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3 --- Data collection --- p.50 / Chapter 2.4 --- Data analysis --- p.58 / Chapter 2.5 --- Rigour --- p.62 / Chapter 2.6 --- Reflexivity --- p.68 / Chapter 2.7 --- Ethical considerations --- p.75 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Social circumstances and MSM communities in Shenzhen --- p.78 / Chapter 3.1 --- Population and economic circumstances --- p.78 / Chapter 3.2 --- Shifting political situation --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3 --- A migrant society --- p.87 / Chapter 3.4 --- Shenzhen Culture --- p.93 / Chapter 3.5 --- MSM community and tongzhi subculture --- p.98 / Chapter 3.6 --- The subgroup of HIV positive MSM --- p.113 / Chapter 3.7 --- Public health implications --- p.117 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Health care system and services related to HIV case detection and follow up --- p.118 / Chapter 4.1 --- Formal health care system --- p.118 / Chapter 4.2 --- Health insurance --- p.125 / Chapter 4.3 --- “Four Free and One Care“ policy --- p.126 / Chapter 4.4 --- Informal health care --- p.127 / Chapter 4.5 --- Services related to HIV case detection and follow up --- p.131 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Psychological and mental health --- p.142 / Chapter 5.1 --- Negative mental health outcomes --- p.142 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Depressive symptoms --- p.142 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Anxiety symptoms --- p.146 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Factors associated with negative mental health outcome --- p.150 / Chapter 5.1.3.1 --- Individual factors --- p.150 / Chapter 5.1.3.2 --- Interpersonal factors --- p.157 / Chapter 5.1.3.3 --- Cultural factors in community and family --- p.160 / Chapter 5.1.3.4 --- Institutional and structural factors --- p.163 / Chapter 5.2 --- Positive mental health outcomes --- p.166 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Integrating negative experiences and recovery --- p.166 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Resources for recovery --- p.169 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Back to normal functioning --- p.170 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Post-traumatic growth --- p.172 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Factors associated with positive mental health outcome --- p.175 / Chapter 5.2.5.1 --- Individual factors --- p.175 / Chapter 5.2.5.2 --- Interpersonal factor --- p.181 / Chapter 5.2.5.3 --- Community-related factors --- p.184 / Chapter 5.2.5.4 --- Institutional factors --- p.187 / Chapter 5.3 --- Public health concern of suicidal ideation --- p.190 / Chapter 5.4 --- Impacts of psychological and mental health --- p.194 / Chapter 5.5 --- Summary of psychological and mental health in a modified socio-ecological mode --- p.195 / Chapter 5.6 --- Discussion --- p.197 / Chapter 5.6.1 --- The emerging of a syndemic in HIV and some psycho-social and cultural conditions --- p.197 / Chapter 5.6.2 --- Powerful social and cultural factors associated with mental health --- p.200 / Chapter 5.6.3 --- Resilience among newly diagnosed HIV positive MSM --- p.208 / Chapter 5.6.4 --- Service implications --- p.213 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Sexual risk --- p.221 / Chapter 6.1 --- Continued unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) after being diagnosed HIV positive --- p.221 / Chapter 6.2 --- Changes in practising UAI during the study period --- p.222 / Chapter 6.3 --- Factors associated with UAI with non-commercial sex partners --- p.224 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Individual factors --- p.225 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Interpersonal factors --- p.229 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Community-based factors --- p.231 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- Institutional factors --- p.234 / Chapter 6.4 --- UAI with commercial sex partners --- p.235 / Chapter 6.5 --- Comparing factors associated with UAI among commercial and non-commercial partners --- p.238 / Chapter 6.6 --- Reduced risky behaviour after diagnosis --- p.239 / Chapter 6.7 --- Factors associated with condom use --- p.241 / Chapter 6.7.1 --- Individual factors --- p.241 / Chapter 6.7.2 --- Interpersonal factors --- p.246 / Chapter 6.7.3 --- Community factors --- p.248 / Chapter 6.8 --- Other special issues related to risky sexual behaviour --- p.250 / Chapter 6.9 --- Summary of sexual risk in a modified socio-ecological model --- p.261 / Chapter 6.10 --- Discussion --- p.263 / Chapter 6.10.1 --- Prevalence of UAI --- p.263 / Chapter 6.10.2 --- Partner types and UAI --- p.265 / Chapter 6.10.2.1 --- Fear of losing partners in a context of non-serostatus disclosure --- p.266 / Chapter 6.10.2.2 --- Anonymous sexual encounters and moral judgment --- p.267 / Chapter 6.10.2.3 --- Economic barriers --- p.270 / Chapter 6.10.2.4 --- Intrapersonal contexts --- p.271 / Chapter 6.10.3 --- Critical views on some practices --- p.274 / Chapter 6.10.4 --- Emerging positive experiences from Shenzhen --- p.276 / Chapter 6.10.5 --- Service implications --- p.279 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Health service seeking --- p.285 / Chapter 7.1 --- Problems identified in health service seeking --- p.285 / Chapter 7.2 --- Processes of adaptation --- p.289 / Chapter 7.3 --- Negative factors associated with health service seeking --- p.296 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Individual factors --- p.296 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Interpersonal factors --- p.302 / Chapter 7.3.3 --- Community-based factors --- p.304 / Chapter 7.3.4 --- Health care institution-based factors --- p.309 / Chapter 7.4 --- Positive factors associated with health service seeking --- p.319 / Chapter 7.4.1 --- Individual factors --- p.319 / Chapter 7.4.2 --- Interpersonal factors --- p.321 / Chapter 7.4.3 --- Community-based factors --- p.325 / Chapter 7.4.4 --- Factors in the health care institutes--free services --- p.328 / Chapter 7.5 --- Summary of health service seeking in a modified socio-ecological model --- p.329 / Chapter 7.6 --- Discussion --- p.331 / Chapter 7.6.1 --- Problems in health care institutes --- p.331 / Chapter 7.6.1.1 --- The top-down approach -- controlling instead of community building --- p.331 / Chapter 7.6.1.2 --- Problems among health care providers --- p.335 / Chapter 7.6.2 --- Tailored participatory approach to health care and education for HIV positive MSM --- p.339 / Chapter 7.6.3 --- Necessity for developing MSM communities --- p.342 / Chapter 7.6.4 --- Service implications --- p.349 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Discussion and implications --- p.355 / Chapter 8.1 --- The occurrences of UAI and its hidden meaning --- p.355 / Chapter 8.2 --- Informing the future HIV epidemic among MSM in Shenzhen --- p.357 / Chapter 8.3 --- Difficulties of controlling the HIV epidemic among MSM --- p.361 / Chapter 8.4 --- New HIV prevention approach --- p.368 / Chapter 8.5 --- Critiquing theories for recommended changes --- p.386 / Chapter 8.6 --- Limitations of the study --- p.400 / Chapter 8.7 --- Conclusion --- p.405 / Appendix I to IX --- p.409 / Bibliography --- p.425