Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Christiane Cavalcante.pdf: 1437083 bytes, checksum: a73d416438445333a439ea317e0a64b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In recent years, under the liability, grew too much in the number of indemnities demands against private hospitals, especially under the allegation of medical mistakes. The doctor makes mistakes because he is human and makes mistakes because he had a poor training, because it is lacking residence for all graduated from schools of medicine, because he works too and has no time for study and research. Whatever the cause, the fact is that their conduct affects directly the entities hospital because the medical services provided by hospitals derive from the performance of professional doctor, which is the only authorized to practice of medical act. Though there is a close relationship between the hospital and medical liability and it is treated differently between the doctrine and jurisprudence, for the first, in the field of liability and subjective, for the second, objective. It is not the objective responsibility out of the hospitals, but only when acting as simple hospital service providers; outside that event, the hospital responds by attesting that the doctor acted with fault, as well as its own doctor. The proposal of this work is reflecting on the responsibility of private hospitals, particularly on the nature and various forms. In rich, the issue goes beyond the material aspect, so goes through some procedural peculiarities, which directly influences the indemnities demands such as evidences and third-party complaint / Nos últimos anos, no âmbito da responsabilidade civil, cresceu em demasia o número de ações indenizatórias contra os hospitais privados, notadamente sob a alegação de erro médico. O médico erra porque é humano, erra porque teve uma formação deficiente, porque falta residência para todos os egressos das escolas de medicina, porque trabalha demais e não tem tempo para estudo e pesquisa. Seja qual for a causa, o fato é que sua conduta influencia diretamente as entidades hospitalares porque os serviços médicos prestados pelos hospitais decorrem da atuação do profissional médico, que é o único habilitado à prática de ato médico. Apesar de existir uma estreita relação entre a responsabilidade médica e hospitalar, encontra-se na doutrina e jurisprudência tratamento diferenciado, para o primeiro no campo da responsabilidade subjetiva e, para o segundo, objetiva. Não se descarta a responsabilidade objetiva dos hospitais, mas somente quando atuam como prestadores de serviços meramente hospitalares; fora dessa hipótese, o hospital responde mediante a comprovação de que o médico agiu com culpa, assim como o próprio médico. A proposta do presente trabalho é refletir acerca da responsabilidade dos hospitais privados, em especial quanto à sua natureza e diversas formas. De tão rico, o tema não se esgota no aspecto material, por isso pincela algumas particularidades processuais, que diretamente influenciam as demandas indenizatórias, tais como a prova e a denunciação da lide

The fastest growing field of law is undoubtedly that of Medical Law with the civil and disciplinary cases flowing from it. Globalization, international communication, development and evolution of Law as well as Medicine, cause this worldwide rising medical litigation. Humanitarian rights, post-modern scepticism and even iconoclastic attitudes contribute to this phenomenon. Medico-legal litigation and disciplinary complaints rise (in South Africa) up to 10 per cent per year. To assist the courts and legal profession, in medico-legal issues, helping the parties where the plaintiff has the burden of proof and the defendant for rebuttal, a medical expert witness must be used. The dilemmas and pitfalls arise, in that although knowledgeable medical experts could be used to guide the courts to the correct decision, the lack of a legal mind setting, court procedure and legal knowledge could affect the relevance, credibility and reliability, making the medical evidence of poor quality. The legal profession, deliberately, could “abuse” medical expert witnesses with demanding and coercion of results, which have unrealistic and unreasonable expectations. “Case building” occurs, especially in the adversarial systems of law, making the medical expert vulnerable under cross-examination, when it is shown that the witness has turned into a “hired gun” or is unfair. Thus, lacunae develop, making reasonable cases difficult and a quagmire of facts have to be evaluated for unreasonableness, credibility and appropriateness, compounded by the fact that seldom, cases are comparable. The danger is that the presiding officer could be misled and with limited medical knowledge and misplaced values, could reach the wrong findings. Several cases arguably show that this has led to wrongful outcomes and even unacceptable jurisprudence. The desire to “win” a case, can make a medical witness lose credibility and reasonableness with loss of objectivity, realism and relevance. With personality traits and subjectivity, the case becomes argumentative, obstinate and could even lead to lies. The miasmatic, hostile witness emerges, leading to embarrassing, unnecessary prolongation of court procedures. The medical expert witness should be well guided by the legal profession and well informed of the issues. Medical witnesses should have legal training and insight into the legal and court procedures. At the time of discovery of documents, via arbitration or mediation, medical experts should strive to reach consensus and then present their unified finding, helping the parties fairly and expediting the legal procedure and processes. / Private Law / LLM

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The cornerstone of the legal profession is the trust harboured by clients when depositing monies with legal firms. A few regulations usually exist to protect trust monies. In the absence of a client protection fund, a client has no insurance against theft of trust monies. Most countries have come to realise the importance of employing a client protection fund to reimburse victims of theft in order to protect the integrity of the legal profession. Client protection funds are operated on different business models and a broad overview of the funds of New York, British Columbia, New Zealand and Botswana indicated that such funds are not able to compensate all proven claims without enforcing limitations. There is currently no benchmark whereby client protection funds can assess their effectiveness and sustainability. A standard for evaluating these funds is created based on the following criteria common to all funds: the purpose of a fund, the status of a fund, proper management of the fund, the methods which a fund employs to limit liability, the financial strength and sustainability of a fund, the rights of a fund where claims are awarded and the preventative measures employed by a fund. After evaluation of these funds it became clear that all of them are financially unsustainable if they were to pay proven claims without imposing limitations on their liability. The Namibian fund appears to be the most sustainable fund and was also used as the benchmark in one of the criterion of the evaluation model. A more critical study of the Namibian fund indicated that it would in future become less sustainable as the growth rate in trust deposits exceeds the growth rate of the fund's reserves. After a SWOT analysis it is suggested that the Namibian fund continues its current preventative measures, as same is likely the reason why an insignificant amount of thefts occurred over the past 15 years, and should focus on increasing income by negotiating better agreements with banks and employ a dedicated inspectorate, not only to ensure compliance with such agreements, but provide the fund with annual reports on each firm's level of compliance with statutory regulations on trust accounting. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoeksteen van die regsprofessie is die vertroue wat kliënte in prokureurs plaas om trustgeld te bewaar. 'n Basiese stel boekhou regulasies is al wat normaalweg dien as beskerming van trustgeld. In die afwesigheid van 'n getrouheidsfonds het 'n klient geen versekering teen diefstal van trustgelde nie. Meeste lande het reeds die waarde van 'n getrouheidsfonds besef as beskermingsmeganisme van die integriteit van die professie. Getrouheidsfondse is baseer op verskillende besigheidsmodelle en 'n breë oorsig van die fondse van New York, British Columbia, New Zealand en Botswana dui daarop dat sulke fondse nie in staat is om alle eise te vergoed sonder om daadwerklike beperkinge op hul verpligtinge te plaas nie. Daar bestaan huidiglik geen universele maatstaf waaraan fondse hul effektiwiteit en volhoubaarheid kan meet nie. 'n Eenvormige evaluasie model is ontwerp wat gebruik maak van die volgende ooreenstemmende kenmerke van alle fondse: die doel van die fonds, die status van die fonds, die behoorlike bestuur van die fonds, die metodes wat die fonds aanwend om verpligtinge te beperk, die finansiële vermoë en volhoubaarheid van die fonds, die regte van die fonds na betaling van eise en die voorkomende maatreëls wat die fonds aanwend. Na evaluasie van die bogenoemde fondse is dit duidelik dat sulke fondse nie finansieel volhoubaar sal wees as hulle alle goedgekeurde eise ten volle sou uitbetaal sonder die afdwing van beperkende maatreëls nie. Die Namibiese fonds blyk die mees volhoubare fonds te wees en word ook as maatstaf gebruik in een van die kriterium van die evaluasie model. By nadere ondersoek van die Namibiese fonds is vasgestel dat die fonds in die toekoms minder volhoubaar sal raak omdat die groeikoers in trust deposito's hoër is as die groeikoers van die reserwes van die fonds. Na 'n SWOT-analise word voorgestel dat die Namibiese fonds moet volhart in die uitvoering van voorkomende maatreëls en ook inkomste moet verhoog deur beter ooreenkomste met banke aan te gaan. 'n Toegewyde ondersoek afdeling sal verseker dat firmas sulke ooreenkomste nakom, asook aan die fonds raporteer oor firmas se nakoming van statutêre reëls.

CNS participó de la concepción del estudio y recolectó los datos. SAG, RECP y KCJ hicieron la revisión crítica. CNS y TCJ realizaron el análisis e interpretación de los datos. CNS redactó el borrador del artículo. Todos los autores aprobaron la versión final del artículo. / Objetivos. Determinar las características de las denuncias penales por responsabilidad profesional médica, a partir de los informes periciales emitidos en la División Clínico Forense de Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal donde se incluyeron todos los informes periciales emitidos del 2005 al 2010, en la División Clínico Forense de Lima, Perú. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo de cada una de las variables. Resultados. El 60,3% (495/821) de las denuncias penales por responsabilidad profesional médica fueron valoradas como acuerdo a la lex artis; el 16,8% (138/821) no acuerdo a la lex artis; en 13% (107/821) de los casos no se pudo emitir conclusiones, y en 9,9% (81/821) las conclusiones del informe pericial no incluyen una valoración del acto médico. Los casos donde la lesión se atribuyó al propio proceso de la enfermedad correspondieron al 80,9% (502/620), y los que se consideraron resultado de la asistencia sanitaria al 19,0% (118/620). La distribución de la causa de la lesión según el cumplimiento de la lex artis mostró diferencias significativas. Conclusiones. En nuestro país, las denuncias por presunta responsabilidad médica se encuentran en aumento, predominantemente en las especialidades quirúrgicas, donde la probabilidad de ser considerado como un acto médico no adecuado a la lex artis es mayor. Asimismo en un porcentaje importante de casos no se llegan a emitir conclusiones valorativas sobre el acto médico. / Objectives.To determine the characteristics of the criminal complaints claining medical professional liability, based on the expert reports issued by the Forensic Examination Division of Lima, Peru. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out, which included all the expert reports issued between 2005 and 2010 at the Forensic Examination Division of Lima, Peru. A descriptive analysis of each of the variables was performed. Results. 60.3% (495/821) of the criminal complaints for medical professional liability were valued as being in accordance with the lex artis while16.8% (138/821) were not in accordance with the lex artis. In 13% (107/821) of the cases, conclusions could not be drawn;in 9.9% (81/821) of the cases, the conclusions in the expert report did not include an valuations of the medical act.The cases in which the injury was attributed to the process of the disease itself accounted for 80.9% (502/620), and those in which in the injury was considered a result of the health care received were 19.0% (118/620). The distribution of the cause of the injury based on accordance with the lex artis showed significant differences. Conclusions. In our country, the number of claims for claimed medical liability is increasing, predominantly in relation to surgical specialties, where a medical act is more likely to be considered not in accordance with the lex artis. In addition, in a significant percentage of cases, no conclusions are drawn about the medical act.

Cette étude se référera au caractère contractuel de la responsabilité civile médicale en droit chilien comparé avec le droit français. Je commencerai donc par une analyse historique de la privatisation de la santé et du phénomène de la contractualisation de l’activité sanitaire au Chili. Le principal problème a été que les demandeurs ont échappé au caractère contractuel de la responsabilité et ce principalement à cause du problème du cumul des responsabilités. Ce problème présent en droit chilien peut être résolu à travers une étude approfondie du contrat médical, de ses conditions d'existence et de validité, de ses principales caractéristiques et des différentes théories qui ont tenté d'expliquer sa nature juridique. Nous analyserons également les cas où la relation médicale initiale n'a pas pour source le contrat médical, bien qu’il ait de toute façon été considéré par la jurisprudence et la doctrine comme ayant un caractère contractuel. Nous étudierons dans le même temps les différentes théories qui ont eu comme finalité de contractualiser la responsabilité des centres hospitaliers, tant publics que privés, par le fait de leurs salariés, pour ainsi éviter que la responsabilité de ces centres devienne effective conformément aux normes de la responsabilité extracontractuelle. / The contractual nature of the medical liability had no the same interest in chilean law that french law. However, the increasing privatization of health and the phenomenon of contracting activity for Chilean takes us a deal to make a further study to determinate the contours from the French law. The main problem was that the applicants have escaped the contractual liability and mainly because of the problem of overlapping responsibilities. This problem present in chilean law can be resolved through a thorough study of the medical contract, the conditions of its existence and validity of its main characteristics and different theories have attempted to explain its legal nature and it provide a legal regime that atypical contracts. On the other hand we have to deal with all cases where the initial medical relationship does not source the medical contract, although it has been considered anyway by courts and commentators as having a contractual, and why try to analyze the different theories that have had the purpose of contractualize responsibility for private and public hospitals,, by the fact of their employees, to avoid the responsibility of these centers become effective in accordance with standards of tort.

Obligation to compensate for personal injury in connection with provision of health care This dissertation is focused on the obligation to compensate for personal injury in connection with the provision of health care. The aim of the dissertation is to analyse relevant general elements of the obligation to compensate for personal injury as well as relevant special elements of such obligation. The dissertation surveys the interpretation of conceptual changes related to the recodification of Czech private law in the area of tort law in connection with the provision of health care. Legal basis of the doctor-patient relationship will also be analysed because such analysis is crucial for determination which elements of the obligation to compensate for personal injury will regularly be applied in this field. Therefore, the first chapter is devoted to the legal nature of the doctor-patient relationship. The second chapter deals with the obligation to compensate for personal injury caused by the provision of health care, i.e. with the definition and analysis of relevant elements of such obligation in this field. The third chapter is focused on the wrongfulness as one of the significant elements of the obligation to compensate for personal injury; substantial attention of this chapter is aimed at the...

The aim of this study was to describe and understand how individuals in adulthood experienced a childhood with neglect, and how they handled neglect. In order to reach the perspective of the individuals who grew up with neglect, we chose to use autobiographical books as our empirical material. The criteria the autobiographies had to meet in order to fall within the scope of this study was that the biographies had to display the experience of neglect during childhood, and thereto the books had to be written by individuals who themselves experienced neglect. Based on the aim of this study we sought answers to three questions: How do the individuals describe their upbringing with a mentally or socially disabled parent? How have the individuals coped with the neglect they’ve been exposed to? What consequences have the neglect supposedly led to? The findings of this study show that the extent to which the individuals experienced neglect were profound and comprising. Most prominent in the material was physical and mental abuse. For survival the individuals used different strategies to master the different situations they were subjected to. The strategies the individuals described were most often used to provide food, confirmation and to keep emotions in check. Furthermore the individuals described that the neglect and abuse led to various consequences, some that were prominent during childhood others not until the individuals reached adulthood.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-05-09T20:33:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabrizio Cezar Chiantia.pdf: 1012296 bytes, checksum: 27c8f159f597b763934cd26ebe7c6006 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-09T20:33:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabrizio Cezar Chiantia.pdf: 1012296 bytes, checksum: 27c8f159f597b763934cd26ebe7c6006 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the role of business in digital media with regard to advertising directed at children. We realize the amplitude, speed and the immediate reach of advertising when it comes to the public concerned in the face of communication formats used by suppliers, through digital media, when they transmit the advertising of your products or services. The research hypothesis is that, because of the wide children's vulnerability, communication techniques considering those used in digital media for the realization of advertising, the protection of the rights of the inserted child the fundamental rights list becomes a paradigm to be observed by the suppliers of products or services when they transmit advertising directed to children, so as not to focus on the practice of abusive advertising. Patent, therefore, the need to examine possible affront to the rights of the child, which does not hold the insight needed to understand the charge that was made subject, due to the abusive practice of advertising in digital media. In addition, case studies is analyzed and reflected in the applicability of the laws governing advertising, focusing on the child audience and digital media. Is adopted in this study, although the method of hypothetical-deductive approach, since, by checking, we intend to corroborate or refute the hypothesis. As research method is adopted the rules of research and literature, in books, journal articles, dissertations, theses etc. Stands out , finally, the importance of designing effective fundamental rights of children in digital media, to be fostered sustainable consumption , this guided social responsibility and consumer education in order to ensure full sustainability among generations, focusing on the preservation of health and well-being of children. / O objetivo principal desta dissertação é analisar o papel das empresas nas mídias digitais no que tange à publicidade direcionada ao público infantil. Percebe-se a amplitude, a rapidez e o alcance imediato da publicidade quando se trata do público em questão, em face dos formatos de comunicação utilizados pelos fornecedores, por meio das mídias digitais, ao veicularem a publicidade de seus produtos ou serviços. A hipótese de pesquisa é a de que, em virtude da ampla vulnerabilidade da criança, técnicas comunicacionais considerando as utilizadas nas mídias digitais para a realização da publicidade, a proteção aos direitos da criança inserida no rol dos direitos fundamentais passa a ser um paradigma a ser observado pelos fornecedores de produtos ou serviços ao veicularem a publicidade direcionada à criança, de forma a não incidir na prática da publicidade abusiva. Patente, desta forma, a necessidade de se analisar eventual afronta aos direitos da criança, a qual não detém o discernimento necessário para compreender a imposição a que ficou sujeita, em razão da prática da publicidade abusiva nas mídias digitais. Além disso, analisa-se estudos de casos e pondera-se sobre a aplicabilidade da legislação que regulamenta a publicidade, com enfoque no público infantil e mídias digitais. Adota-se no presente trabalho, ainda, o método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo, uma vez que, por meio da verificação, pretende-se corroborar ou refutar a hipótese levantada. Como método de pesquisa será adotado a pesquisa de legislação e bibliográfica, em livros, artigos científicos, dissertações, teses etc. Destaca-se, por fim, a importância de se conceber efetividade aos direitos fundamentais da criança nas mídias digitais, para que seja fomentado o consumo sustentável, este pautado na responsabilidade social e na educação para o consumo, de modo a garantir a plena sustentabilidade entre as gerações, com enfoque à preservação da saúde e do bem estar do público infantil.

It has been estimated that in the United States, between 44,000 to 98,000 patients succumb to medical errors each year. Due to a shortage of graduates of domestic medical schools, many graduates of foreign medical schools are practicing in the United States. The medical education received in foreign medical schools may not be equivalent to the medical education received in domestic medical schools, which are schools located in the United States, Puerto Rico and Canada. Differences due to the educational backgrounds of the foreign-schooled physicians may contribute to an increase in medical board disciplining. Furthermore, graduates of medical schools where the instruction is not conducted in the English language may receive increased medical board disciplining when compared to the graduates of medical schools where English is the language of instruction. Finally, domestic medical schools that are ranked low according to The Gourman Report, 8th Edition may provide a substandard medical education, causing their graduates to have increased rates of discipline when compared to peers who have graduated from higher ranked medical schools. This study examines the effects of undergoing foreign medical training as opposed to domestic medical training and receiving medical school instruction in the English language or another language, on the frequency and severity of disciplinary action taken by the Florida Board of Medicine against medical doctors licensed in Florida since 1952 (N = 39,559). Also examined are the effects of attending domestic medical schools that are ranked lower than other domestic medical schools on the frequency and severity of disciplinary action taken by the Florida Board of Medicine against medical doctors licensed in Florida since 1952 (n = 25,479). Control variables used in this logistic regression analysis include whether the medical doctor is specialty board certified or not, the specialty practiced and the medical doctor's race and gender. Archival data from the Florida Department of Health were used for this study. This study found that the graduates of medical schools where the instruction is not in the English language are more likely to receive discipline and are more likely to receive more severe types of discipline than graduates of medical schools where the instruction is in the English language. It was also found that medical doctors who are ABMS certified, are practicing either a surgical specialty, obstetrics, gynecology, psychiatry, emergency medicine, family medicine or diagnostic radiology, or are male have increased odds of being disciplined by the Florida Board of Medicine.

No description available.