As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso de graduação em Odontologia determinam que, dentro das competências e habilidades que o cirurgião-dentista precisa desenvolver, encontra-se a capacidade de administração e gerenciamento de sua carreira, devendo estar apto para ser empreendedor, gestor e empregador, bem como para exercer papel de liderança dentro das equipes de saúde bucal. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo é verificar a percepção e os conhecimentos dos alunos do último ano da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo em relação às estratégias de gestão para o ingresso no mercado de trabalho. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo transversal, aplicando-se um questionário aos alunos que já haviam cursado a disciplina de Gestão e Planejamento em Odontologia de 2014. Os resultados foram tabulados em planilha Excel e analisados no pacote estatístico STATA 13.0. Dos 109 alunos matriculados na disciplina, 107 (99%) participaram da pesquisa, sendo a amostra composta por média de idade de 25 anos e por 70% dos participantes do gênero feminino. A partir da análise dos resultados, foi possível observar que 35,51% dos alunos sabem descrever com clareza o objetivo da organização na qual pretendem trabalhar; 45,79% acreditam que estão diante de uma oportunidade real para obter sucesso profissional; 58,88% estão seguindo esse caminho pela satisfação profissional; 37,38% aceitam riscos; 34,64% acreditam ter conhecimentos para gerir um bom negócio; e 54,21% consideram ter capacidade para liderar pessoas. Foi possível concluir, com este estudo, que a disciplina em questão consegue desempenhar o seu papel de auxiliar e orientar os alunos nessa transição para o ingresso no mercado de trabalho, tendo sido efetiva no aprendizado dos conhecimentos referentes às estratégias de gestão e empreendedorismo para esse início de carreira. Nesse sentido, observa-se ser fundamental que, ao longo do curso de graduação, a matriz curricular englobe conteúdos de gestão para o melhor desenvolvimento dessa competência. / The National Curriculum Guidelines for the degree course in Dentistry determine that, within the skills and abilities that the surgeon dentist needs to develop, it is the ability of administration and management of his career, and he should be able to be an entrepreneur, manager and employer and to exercise leadership role within the oral health teams. In this context, the aim of this study is to verify the perception and knowledge of students in the last year of the Faculty of Dentistry of University of São Paulo in relation to management strategies for entering the labor market. Thus, a cross-sectional study was conducted by applying a questionnaire to students who already had studied Management and Dentistry Planning in 2014. The results were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using the statistical package STATA 13.0. Among the 109 students enrolled in the course, 107 (99%) participated in the survey, the average age of the sample was 25 years old and 70% were female. From the analysis of the results, it was observed that 35.51% of students know clearly describe the organization\'s purpose in which they wish to work; 45.79% believe they are facing a real opportunity for professional success; 58.88% are following this path by job satisfaction; 37.38% take risks; 34.64% believe they have knowledge to manage a good deal; and 54.21% consider having the ability to lead people. It was possible to conclude from this study that the discipline in question manages its role to assist and guide students in the transition for entering the job market. It was effective in teaching entrepreneurship and management strategies for this early career. In this sense, it is observed it is essential that, throughout the course, the curricular matrix covers management contents for the best development of this competence.

Master of Science / Department of Agricultural Economics / Kevin C. Dhuyvetter / Risk is an inevitable part of production agriculture. Price risk is especially a concern for cattle producers in the Midwest. Producers can curtail profit volatility, to an extent, through the utilization of price risk management strategies such as forward contracting, hedging, using put and call options, Livestock Risk Protection Insurance (LRP), as well as Livestock Gross Insurance (LGM) for feedlot cattle. Learning about such price risk management tools can be a daunting task. Kansas State University Extension created a computer based simulation workshop to assist them in teaching cattle producers about price risk management strategies. The simulation paralleled a lecture where participants learned of the price risk management strategies that are available. The simulation allowed the workshop participants to practice using the management strategies as they assumed the role of a feedlot or ranch manager in charge of marketing the operation's calves. In a cooperative effort with Iowa State University, Kansas State University presented the Cattle Risk Management Workshops across the state of Iowa. Participants were given pre-and posttests to measure the effectiveness of the workshop. The overall post-test scores were 25 percentage points higher than the pre-test scores. This research also discusses the interest and perceptions of cattle producers regarding price risk management strategies. The effectiveness of simulations as a teaching tool in helping producers learn about price risk management strategies is also reviewed. In addition, the various price risk management strategies available to producers, as well as seasonality of prices and basis are analyzed. This research also explains and estimates the LRP Feeder Cattle Basis Model. The LRP Feeder Cattle Basis Model was developed with the objective of assisting producers in forecasting LRP basis. The model was developed using similar methodology applied in the creation of a CME basis forecasting model developed by Kansas State University Extension and Custom Ag Solutions, Inc. The LRP Feeder Cattle Basis Model automatically adjusts for the LRP price adjustment factor applied to beef steer calves weighing less than 600 pounds, and beef heifers weighing 600-900 pounds. The LRP Feeder Cattle Basis Model explains 71.37 percent of the variation of LRP basis.

Muscovy ducks are native only to Central and South America, Mexico, and parts of southern Texas and are considered invasive in some areas outside of their native range. Although they have been introduced worldwide, they remain largely unstudied. The primary focus of this study was to relate Muscovy duck abundance to habitat characteristics of wetlands in Tampa, Florida. Muscovy abundance was measured using point count methods at 21 wetland sites that occur within an eight km radius of the University of South Florida’s main campus. Habitat features at these sites were assessed using field methods and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) (Arc 10.1v). Mann-Whitney U tests and Chi-squared tests were performed to identify significant differences between quantitative data groups. A Chi-squared test determined that there was not a positive correlation between Muscovy abundance and fountains or water regime, yet identified a significant relationship between Muscovy abundance and fencing, in which Muscovies did not frequently occupy ponds with fencing. Mann-Whitney U tests did not identify significances between Muscovy abundance and other habitat groups. Since Muscovy ducks are listed as an invasive species, identifying habitat preferences and deterrents will assist land managers and property owners with habitat modifications in preventing or controlling nuisance Muscovy populations.

The shift in the strategic role that knowledge plays in business is forcing business managers to actively participate in, if not lead, knowledge management for decision making. Unfortunately there are not enough generic models or even guidelines for incorporating the management of knowledge into business and especially business strategy formulation. This leads to business managers considering knowledge management as being separate from business, leading to an inability to align knowledge management goals with corporate goals. The goal of the study was therefore to investigate the interdependency between knowledge, knowledge management and business from a managerial/strategic perspective rather than from a technological perspective. This was done to supply practitioners and managers with guidelines for successful institutionalization and management of knowledge. In order to achieve this goal, research focused on the following objectives: <ul> <li>Heightening awareness of the critical role knowledge plays as a strategic corporate resource.</li> <li>Determining the issues/models/methods and perspectives available, to guide strategists in the quest to efficiently and effectively manage knowledge, within a strategic/managerial perspective.</li> <li>The progression of knowledge management maturity from a strategic/managerial perspective.</li> <li>Knowledge management’s performance in relation to the objectives and measures that determine the overall efficiency and effectiveness of an organization.</li> <li>Formulation of guidelines (a knowledge management maturity questionnaire) to aid practitioners and strategists to successfully assess knowledge management maturity.</li> </ul> Finally, to expand the research beyond purely theoretical and/or academic value, i.e. to validate all propositions made in the scholarly review as being valid and applicable in a real world scenario, the knowledge management maturity questionnaire was tested in South African industry. Although not directly supportive of the aim, the knowledge gained from conducting research in industry supply knowledge management practitioners with a baseline of data to benchmark knowledge management maturity upon. The thesis therefore concludes with a summary of the main findings of the knowledge management maturity in 86 South African-based organizations. In focusing on the evolution of strategy, it was determined that knowledge has played an enabling role in the formulation of strategies. It was proposed that the evolution of strategy will continue not by replacing previous notions, but rather by building knowledgeably upon previous thought. The proposition was made that in order to set the stage for the successful institutionalization of knowledge management, organizations should decide upon issues that are proven to lead to the implementation of a knowledge management culture. In order to ensure uniformity in the institutionalizing of these issues, it was proposed that not only should issues be encapsulated within policy, but also that the strategic management process be used to determine the priority of issues. In placing knowledge management issues, policies and strategies in a chronological order, a new maturity model was formulated to reflect the progression of knowledge management endeavours from within a strategic/managerial perspective. Differences in opinion with regard to innovation’s role as measurement criteria for knowledge management were also critically reviewed. It was found that although numerous authors support a link between knowledge management and innovation, empirical evidence is not supportive. It was argued that the link between knowledge management and innovation is blurred, primarily due to the interdependency between knowledge, strategy and knowledge management. Owing to the complex nature of managing knowledge as a strategic enabler, the argument was proposed that the sum of the input will not equal the output. It was therefore proposed that knowledge management enables strategists to formulate winning strategies. The key to determining the value of knowledge management therefore lies in the extent knowledgeable reasoning leads to organisational growth, profitability and sustainability and not purely within the amount of innovation it sparks. As mentioned earlier, building on the inductive reasoning followed in the literature review, a questionnaire of six sections, constituting 101 descriptive questions, was developed and used to empirically test the knowledge management maturity of 86 South African-based organizations. With regard to the level of knowledge management maturity reached it was found that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Information Management (IM) are fairly well institutionalised within South African industry. A large number of South African organizations still consider ICT, and especially, IM to be knowledge management. Most organizations understand the concepts and issues surrounding knowledge management. Organizations agree on the benefits of knowledge management. Findings also indicated that there are differences between the scores forwarded for small, medium, large and extra-large organizations. Also, it was found that there are significant differences between the score by the different managerial levels present within organizations. Organizations in general struggle with the successful institutionalization of formal knowledge management endeavours beyond their borders. Not only is there a strong indication that middle management (supported by senior management) hold the key to successful implementation and diffusion of knowledge management, but knowledge management maturity achievements seem to be more dependent on a deliberate, conscious and calculated managerial effort, than on factors such as organizational size, the industry competing within, number of managerial levels present and resources available such as ICT. The study not only commented on the knowledge management maturity of the 86 South African-based organizations, but also identifies the extent of maturity in South African organizations and industry groupings. It was found those organizations in the construction, building materials and mining sectors, banks and insurance, consulting, auditing, and service delivery and consumer goods and utilities were the leaders regarding knowledge management maturity. Score differences between groupings could mainly be attributed to the consistency of achievement over maturity. It was noted that sector leaders achieved higher than average scores in maturity sections, and in particular regarding the management of ICT and information, the formulation of knowledge management issues, plus policy and strategy. / Thesis (PhD(IT))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Informatics / unrestricted

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The 1996 and 2002 Farm Bill changes in milk support price legislation deregulated the market and milk prices are more volatile than ever. The use of a mechanism to reduce farmers' exposure to volatile milk prices has therefore become essential. This study evaluates the impact of two hedging strategies, one conservative and the other an intermediate one (more sophisticated). Optimal parameters for the two strategies are searched over a period of 5 years. Then, the performance, in terms of increased profitability and reduced variation, is assessed and the best performer is chosen and applied to an out-of-sample dataset. With the in-sample data, both strategies generate higher mean monthly profits than with the no-hedging option. Comparison of both strategies indicates that the intermediate strategy outperforms the conservative one in terms of higher profitability and lower variance. Out-of-sample results confirm the findings of the in-sample results. The additional profits and the reduction in volatility can make the difference between keeping a farm profitable and bankruptcy. / Master of Science

The real estate industry is undergoing changes. Licensing of Real Estate Managers to ensure competence has in recent years been studied and proposed. Standardization through ISO certification has been studied for property management and studies identified a possible need for standardization. However, the author of this essay not encountered Lean or practices from other sectors applied nor widely investigated in the property sector. Simple efficiency and cost saving measures have most likely already taken place, much as the effect of the financial crisis. Energy saving measures are required and sought by political and environmental goals. Long-term sustainable thinking is something that is required and is recommended by industry personnel for running an efficient administration. Strategic actions will be important in order to raise revenue or reduce expected future costs. A good planning is essential to deal with the uncertainties associated with property management. Communication, competence and continuity have been shown to be the keys to an efficient operation. By examining the activities and challenges of property management, people have expressed development opportunities in several areas. A possibly necessary development, following one of the report's findings, show that the industry consider itself to be somewhat inferior comparing work for efficiency with other industries. Therefore there is a relevance of a survey of industry philosophies, in this case Lean. This work aims to disclose Lean and to investigate and analyze some of the industry's organizational challenges. Several interesting results have been obtained within the work with this paper. A relatively large proportion of respondents who participated in the survey believe that there is a positive effect of greater use of philosophies such as Lean - a perception that increases as Lean knowledge held by the respondent increases. Here, studies also show a spread depending on the position of the respondent, within the company and within the industry. For example: In questions about work concerning efficiency improvements and development opportunities. / Fastighetsbranschen genomgår idag till viss del förändringar och utvecklas. Auktorisation av förvaltare för att säkerställa kompetens har under de senare åren undersökts och föreslagits. En standardisering genom ISO certifiering har undersökts för fastighetsförvaltningens del och identifierat ett möjligt behov av standardisering. Däremot har författaren till denna uppsats inte stött på Lean eller metoder från andra sektorer tillämpade eller i större utsträckning undersökta inom fastighetsförvaltning. Många enkla effektiviserings- och kostnadsbesparingsåtgärderna har redan tagit plats, mycket som effekt av finanskrisen. Energibesparingsåtgärder krävs och eftersträvas i politiska och miljömässiga mål. Ett långsiktigt hållbart tänkande är någonting som krävs och förordas av branschaktiva för att driva en effektiv förvaltning. Strategiska åtgärder blir viktiga för att kunna höja intäkter eller minska förväntade framtida kostnader. En bra planering är viktig för att hantera de osäkerheter som är förknippade med fastighetsförvaltning. Kommunikation, kompetens och kontinuitet har visats vara nycklar till en effektiv verksamhet. Genom att undersöka verksamheten och utmaningar för fastighetsförvaltning har personer uttryckt utvecklingsmöjligheter inom flera områden. En möjligtvis nödvändig utveckling då en av rapportens upptäckter visar på att branschen anser sig vara lite sämre vad gäller effektiviseringsarbete än andra. Därför finns en relevans av undersökning en av industrins filosofier, i detta fall Lean. Inom ramen för detta arbete får avses att upplysa om Lean och undersöka samt analysera några av branschens organisationsmässiga utmaningar. Flera intressanta resultat har erhållits i arbetet. En relativt stor del av respondenter som deltagit i undersökningen tror på positiva effekter av ökad användning av filosofier som Lean - En uppfattning som ökar när vetskapen om Lean hos de svarande ökar. Undersökningar visar även på en spridning beroende på position inom företagen, dels inom jämförelse av effektiviseringsarbete och dels inom var utvecklingsmöjligheterna anses finnas.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / An increase in the awareness of environmental conservation is leading the automotive industry into the adaptation of alternatively fueled vehicles. Electric, Fuel-Cell as well as Hybrid-Electric vehicles focus on this research area with the aim to efficiently utilize vehicle powertrain as the first step. Energy and Power Management System control strategies play a vital role in improving the efficiency of any hybrid propulsion system. However, these control strategies are sensitive to the dynamics of the powertrain components used in the given system. A kinematic mathematical model for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) has been developed in this study and is further optimized by determining optimal power management strategy for minimal fuel consumption as well as NOx emissions while executing a set drive cycle. A multi-objective optimization using weighted sum formulation is needed in order to observe the trade-off between the optimized objectives. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm has been used in this research, to determine the trade-off curve between fuel and NOx. In performing these optimizations, the control signal consisting of engine speed and reference battery SOC trajectory for a 2-hour cycle is used as the controllable decision parameter input directly from the optimizer. Each element of the control signal was split into 50 distinct points representing the full 2 hours, giving slightly less than 2.5 minutes per point, noting that the values used in the model are interpolated between the points for each time step. With the control signal consisting of 2 distinct signals, speed, and SOC trajectory, as 50 element time-variant signals, a multidimensional problem was formulated for the optimizer. Novel approaches to balance the optimizer exploration and convergence, as well as seeding techniques are suggested to solve the optimal control problem. The optimization of each involved individual runs at 5 different weight levels with the resulting cost populations being compiled together to visually represent with the help of Pareto front development. The obtained results of simulations and optimization are presented involving performances of individual components of the PHEV powertrain as well as the optimized PMS strategy to follow for a given drive cycle. Observations of the trade-off are discussed in the case of Multi-Objective Optimizations.

Thesis (M. Ed.) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / Bullying is a major challenge that affects learners in schools world-wide. Negative effects of bullying on learners are physical and psychological including depression, anxiety and school declining performances. Every learner is entitled to a safe school environment without being a victim or a bystander of bullying. Therefore the main objective was to explore strategies that could be implemented to manage bullying in schools. A qualitative approach with a case study was used to provide an understanding of the phenomenon of bullying and how it could be managed. The grade three and six learners of two former model-c schools in Potgietersrus circuit in Limpopo Province were purposively selected as participants with the aim of representing learners in the junior and intermediate phase. Observation, interviews and document analysis were used as data collection methods. The data collected was developed through thematic content data. The results indicated that bullying is receiving increasing attention with appropriate responsiveness and effective management strategies. Additional measures that can help reduce the prevalence of bullying and impact were explored and included bullying intervention strategies, increased playground supervision, behaviour modification strategies, encouraging learners to report bullying incidents and the adoption of School Based Support Team to assist in combating bullying. It is recommended that the department of education, educators and learners can adopt the explored strategies as part of intervention process to combat bullying in the school environment and to ensure that schools are still seen as safe places for all learners

En la dirección de proyectos actual, se ha fortalecido la tendencia de una gestión de realización de beneficios, los cuales están directamente relacionados con los objetivos organizacionales de la empresa que desea materializar estos beneficios. Este proceso plantea, al inicio de los proyectos, una identificación de beneficios, para luego asegurar durante el desarrollo del proyecto que estos se realicen y se sostengan cuando el proyecto culmine. Es por ello, que ante la evolución vertiginosa de la competencia en el sector servicios, la empresa CIME busca generar valor en la entrega de trabajos de construcción y mantenimiento industrial en refinerías. Para esto, es necesario lograr que sus proyectos se entreguen de forma exitosa a sus clientes y que estos logren materializar los beneficios propuestos para la compañía. En el presente trabajo de investigación se propone desarrollar una metodología para la dirección de proyectos de la empresa CIME basada en los lineamientos de la Guía de los Fundamentos del PMBOK® 6ª. Ed. y en la Guía Práctica de Realización de Beneficios, ambas publicaciones del Project Management Institute (PMI). Esta metodología buscará cerrar la brecha existente entre la situación actual de la empresa y la situación deseada en relación a la Dirección de Proyectos y la Gestión de Realización de Beneficios desde el origen del proyecto, buscando formalizar sus procesos y estandarizar las actividades promoviendo una gestión óptima de los proyectos. Además, la metodología velará por la búsqueda de una alineación estratégica de sus proyectos a los objetivos organizacionales. En el desarrollo de este trabajo de investigación se diseñarán procesos que abarcarán desde la evaluación de ejecución del proyecto hasta el logro de los beneficios que contribuirán a la implementación de la estrategia de CIME. Para cada uno se especifican sus entradas, herramientas y técnicas, salidas, plantillas y subprocesos de fácil uso del Director del Proyecto y su equipo. / In the current project management, the trend of managing the realization of benefits has been strengthened; those benefits are directly related to the organizational objectives of the company that wishes to materialize them. This process proposes, at the beginning of the projects, to identify the benefits, and then guarantee, during the development of the project, that these are realized and sustained when the project ends. For this reason, given the dizzying evolution of competition in the service sector, the CIME Company seeks to generate value in the delivery of construction and industrial maintenance work in refineries. For this, it is necessary to ensure that their projects are successfully delivered to their clients and that they achieve the proposed benefits for the company. In this research work it is proposed to develop a methodology for project management of the Company CIME based on the guidelines of the PMBOK® Guide 6th. Ed. and in the “Benefits Realization Management: A practice guide”, both publications of the Project Management Institute (PMI). This methodology will seek to close the gap between the current situation of the company and the desired situation in relation to Project Management and Benefits Realization Management from the beginning of the project, seeking to formalize its processes and standardize activities promoting optimal management of projects. In addition, the methodology will ensure the search for a strategic alignment between its projects and the organizational objectives. In the development of this research work, processes will be designed, ranging from the project evaluation to the achievement of project benefits and contribution to CIME’s strategic implementation; for each of them, its inputs, tools and techniques, outputs and threads are specified in a user friendly way for the project manager and his team. / Trabajo de investigación