The Canadian health care system is a complex system under pressure due to an aging population. The annual health care budget has decreased, posing challenges for health care administrators. The purpose of this qualitative study, which was grounded in Deming's total quality management system framework, was to explore strategies 6 health care managers used to implement Lean initiatives to reduce health care costs in the province of Ontario, Canada. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed in accordance with Yin's approach, which includes compiling data, disassembling, reassembling, and interpreting data, and drawing conclusions. Four themes emerged from data analysis: the review of operational processes can reduce health care costs, specific management skills can reduce health care costs, employee engagement can have a positive impact on health care costs, and alignment can have a positive impact on health care costs. Findings from this study may contribute to positive social change by providing health care managers with successful strategies to improve operational processes and reduce health care costs, increase patient safety, and reduce negative patient outcomes. The results further contribute to positive social change by highlighting the importance of having employees participate in process improvement, which may improve employee and patient satisfaction in the community.

Bakgrund: Endometrios är en kronisk sjukdom som drabbar 10% av alla kvinnor i världen.Sjukdomen är ett problem som berör många kvinnor i samhället. Detta bör belysas i störreutsträckning än det gör idag då många läkare inte tar sjukdomen och kvinnornas symtom påallvar. Detta leder till lidande hos kvinnor och lång tid innan diagnostisering sker. Ofta fårkvinnor höra att smärtan är normal, vilket kan leda till förtvivlan och isolering från vänneroch familj.Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva hanteringsstrategier hos kvinnor somlever med endometrios.Metod: En litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats. Metodlitteraturen som använts är Polit ochBeck. Studien har analyserats enligt Graneheim och Lundmans kvalitativa innehållsanalysoch databassökningar utfördes i Cinahl, Pubmed och Psycinfo.Resultat: Resultatet mynnade ut i fyra huvudteman initiering av livsstilsförändringar, behovav alternativa behandlingar, sökande efter kunskap, noncompliance och tre subtemakostomläggningar, ökad fysisk aktivitet, strategiska verktyg.Konklusion: Endometrios påverkar många faktorer i det dagliga livet för kvinnor som levermed sjukdomen. Det kan handla om hantering av smärta, relationer, arbete och utbildning.Dessa kvinnor utvecklar hanteringsstrategier för att lindra symtom av smärta och för attförbättra livskvaliteten. Dessa strategier handlar om ändrade motionsvanor, kost, kunskap ochatt själv ta kontroll. Målet för många kvinnor är att uppnå smärtfrihet samtidigt som önskanom att minska användning av läkemedel önskas. Hanteringsstrategierna upplevs av de flestakvinnor som positiva och bidrar till en ökad livskvalitet. Mer kunskap kan behövas om vilkahanteringsstrategier som används, för att kunna stödja och behandla kvinnor på ett bättre sättinom hälso- och sjukvården. / Background: Endometriosis is a chronic disease that affect 10% of all women of the world.Endometriosis is a problem which affects many women in society. This should be noted to agreater extent than today because many doctors don’t take the disease or the womenssymtoms seriously. This leads to a suffering for women and it takes long time beforediagnosis. Women often hear that the pain is normal which leads to dispair and isolation.Aim: The aim of the study was to describe management strategies among women that liveswith endometriosis.Method: A qualitative literature review. The literature that was used for the method was Politand Beck. Graneheim and Lundman’s qualitative contentanalysis was used for the analysis.Cinahl, pubmed and Psycinfo was used for retrieve material.Results: The result showed four main themes, these were initiation of lifestyle changes, needfor alternative treatments, searching for knowledge, noncompliance and three subthemeswere also identified change of diet, increased physical activity, strategic tools.Conclusion: Endometriosis affects many factors in the daily life of women living with thedisease. It can be about managing pain, relationships, work and education. These womendevelop management strategies to relieve symtoms of pain and to improve quality of life.These strategies is about change exercise patterns, diet, knowledge and taking control. Theaim for many women is to achieve painlessness with less painkillers at the same time. Themanagement strategies have a positive impact for most of the women and contributes tobetter life quality. If more knowledge is revealed about management strategies used, thenbetter support and treatment could be possible in healthcare.

Bakgrund Endometrios är en östrogenberoende sjukdom som globalt drabbar var tionde kvinna i fertil ålder varav genomsnittstiden för diagnostisering är 7–9 år. Symptomen karaktäriseras av svår smärta samt infertilitet och det finns i dagsläget ingen botande behandling. Flera förbättringsområden vid vård av patienter med endometrios har identifierats, där sjuksköterskor spelar en betydande roll. Syfte Att beskriva kvinnors erfarenheter av att leva med endometrios.  Metod Allmän litteraturöversikt med deskriptiv design. De databaser som användes var PubMed och Cinahl, varav elva artiklar med kvalitativ ansats ingick i resultatdelen. Resultat Resultatet utmynnade i fyra huvudteman med tio underteman. Essensen i innehållet var att sjukdomen hade en negativ inverkan på de drabbade kvinnornas upplevda välbefinnande och livskvalitet utifrån såväl fysiska-, psykiska- som sociala aspekter. Att bli tagen på allvar, få en diagnos och stöd framhölls som viktiga faktorer i hanteringen av sjukdomen.  Slutsats Ett personcentrerat helhetsperspektiv kring de drabbade kvinnorna och deras behov är nödvändigt för att bidra till en professionell omvårdnad av kvinnor med endometrios. / Background Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease that globally affects one in ten women in fertile age, of which the average time for diagnosis is 7-9 years. The symptoms are characterized by severe pain and infertility and there is currently no curative treatment. Several areas for improvement in the care of patients with endometriosis have been identified, in which nurses play a significant role.  Aim To describe women’s experiences of living with endometriosis.  Method General literature review with descriptive design. The databases used were PubMed and Cinahl, of which eleven articles with a qualitative approach were included in the results section. Results The result opened into four main themes with ten subthemes. The essence of the content was that the disease had a negative impact on the affected women´s perceived well-being and quality of life based on both physical, psychological and social aspects. Being taken seriously, getting a diagnosis and support were highlighted as important factors in managing the disease. Summary A person-centered overall perspective on the affected women and their needs is necessary to contribute to the professional care of women with endometriosis

Background: This research is located in the broader body of literature that explains how aspects of human resource such as talent management are a product of organisational capability or a capability in itself.   Aim: The primary goal of the study is to examine how Swedish firms enact global talent management to attract and retain international talent by looking at the strategies and capabilities they have built. Methodology: The study adopts a descriptive approach in comparing the different practices across the presented case studies. A pre-study with expert interviews is conducted to refine the research objectives and organise themes. We conducted qualitative case studies on three Swedish multinational firms through semi structured interviews. Findings: The findings of this study make a modest contribution by highlighting the difficulties and opportunities associated with keeping international students within the framework of the Swedish economy. It suggests an approach that looks at talent management holistically, borrowing from the concept of thinking in systems. With the help of this study, it is hoped that Swedish businesses and other stakeholders will be able to better understand the capabilities and methods for retaining international students.

This thesis explores insights into how management strategies in internationalbusiness, with focus on Scania, is influenced by psychological and institutionalfactors based on Self-Determination Theory and Institutional Theory.Consecutively, it further explores the impact on employee behaviour inmultinational corporations and how to enhance their well-being and performancefor company benefit. In optimizing these through Scania’s corporate values andstrategies, it contributes to a positive workplace environment. Distinctly in thecultural diversity contexts, the purpose is to add perspectives into the dynamicsof balancing characterized motivations and vast institutional structures in MNCsin the findings. The methodology involves a qualitative case study withinterviews and thematic analysis. To conclude the study, the importance ofintrinsic motivations as a focal point in the management of multinationalcorporations is underscored in the findings. This sequentially grants theoretical,along with practical, knowledge and applications to the field of internationalbusiness and management.

Spring dead spot (SDS) is the most destructive disease of bermudagrass and its hybrids, affecting intensively managed bermudagrass turf that is at least three years old. This bermudagrass disease is most prevalent in the United States where winter temperatures become cold enough to induce dormancy. The symptoms of SDS appear as sunken, necrotic patches of turf ranging from several centimeters to greater than 0.5 m in diameter. Field studies were conducted at Old Waverly Golf Club in West Point, MS on a Tifway bermudagrass fairway beginning January of 2005 and concluding December of 2006 to determine the frequency and the effects of soil temperature on occurrence of O. korrae in bermudagrass. Characterization of O. korrae isolates was conducted based on optimal in vitro growth temperatures and greenhouse pathogenicity studies. Cultural, nutritional, and chemical management practices were evaluated on the bermudagrass fairway for the reduction of SDS severity, promotion of improved turf color, quality, root health, and reduction of the thatch/mat layer. Treatments included core aerification with and without topdressing, vertical mowing, manganese, elemental sulfur, and myclobutanil fungicide applications. Each year was divided into seasons (winter, spring, summer, fall) based on the bermudagrass growth cycle in Mississippi. The frequency of O. korrae occurrence ranged from 14% in 2005 to 16% in 2006, and was similar for all treatments. Ophiosphaerella korrae occurrence was greatest in the winter and spring compared to the summer and fall. There was no direct association between mean soil temperature and frequency of O. korrae occurrence. Spring dead spot severity ratings were similar in 2005 and 2006. Vertical mowing had a significant effect on fall turf color in 2005 and fall turf color and quality in 2006. The aggressive cultural practices (i.e. vertical mowing, aerification) were the most consistent treatments for significantly reducing the thatch/mat layer and improving root health.

No description available.

In searching for more efficient vehicles with lower carbon emissions, researchers have invested enormous time and resources in designing new materials, components, systems, and control methods. The result is not only an immense volume of publications and patents but also a true electrification revolution in the transportation sector. Although the advancements are remarkable, much is still to be developed. Energy management systems are often designed to fulfil drive cycles that represent just a fraction of the actual use of the vehicles, disregarding essential factors such as driving conditions that may vary in real life. Furthermore, control algorithms should not ignore one of the most relevant driving aspects, comfort. Driving should be a pleasant activity since we spend much time of our lives performing this task. This research proposes a novel algorithm for managing energy consumption in electrified vehicles, the regen-based equivalent consumption minimization strategy (R-ECMS). Its suitability for solving the power-split problem is evaluated. Experiments emulating labelling schedules are conducted considering an example application. Robustness to different drive cycles and flexibility of the algorithm to various modes of operation are assessed. Furthermore, the method is integrated into an autonomous longitudinal control. The function leverages vehicle dynamics and journey mapping to assure energy efficiency and adequate drivability. Finally, the tests are conducted using human-driven cycles leveraging driving simulation technology. That allows for including driver subjective feelings in the design and assessing the algorithm's performance in realistic driving conditions. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Bakgrund: Smärta är en multidimensionell och subjektiv upplevelse som kan drabba alla människor. Smärta är den vanligaste orsaken till uppsökande av sjukvård samt orsakande av funktionsnedsättningar och oförmåga att arbeta. Personer med långvarig smärta måste självständigt utföra en stor del av sin behandling och omvårdnad i form av egenvård. Det ingår i sjuksköterskans uppdrag att uppmuntra och stödja patienter till att utföra egenvård, dock finns ingen entydig definition av begreppet egenvård. Syfte: Att redogöra för hur personer med långvarig smärtproblematik beskriver egenvård. Metod: En litteraturöversikt baserad på tio vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativa och kvantitativa ansatser. Artiklarna togs fram via sökningar i databaserna CINAHL Complete och MEDLINE, och var publicerade mellan åren 2005-2015. Artiklarna har analyserats enligt Fribergs analysmetod. Resultat: Resultatet i litteraturöversikten presenterade att personer med långvarig smärta beskrev egenvård som multidimensionell. Egenvård ansågs bestå av personliga förmågor samt mentala och praktiska strategier. Personer med långvarig smärta ansåg även att utbildning och stöd ifrån hälso- och sjukvården var viktigt för utförandet av egenvård. Diskussion: Resultatet har diskuterats utifrån Dorothea Orems omvårdnadsteori om egenvårdsbalans samt vetenskapliga publiceringar. Egenvårdens innebörd för personer med långvarig smärta har jämförts med de olika definitioner av egenvård som tillämpas inom hälso- och sjukvården. Vidare har egenvårdsdefinitionernas betydelse för hälso- och sjukvårdens egenvårdsstödjande insatser diskuterats. / Background: Pain is a multidimensional and subjective experience that can affect anyone. Pain is the most common reason to seek medical care and is the main cause to disability and inability to work. People with chronic pain need to independently manage a large part of their treatment and care in the form of self-management. One part of the nursing role is to encourage and support patients to perform self-management, however there is no clear definition of the term self-management. Aim: To illustrate how people with chronic pain describes self-management. Method: The literature review was based on ten scientific articles, with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The articles were found through searches in the databases CINAHL Complete and MEDLINE, with publication between the years 2005-2015. The articles were analyzed using Fribergs method of analysis. Results: The literature review showed that people with chronic pain described that self-management was multidimensional. Self-management was considered to involve both personal abilities, mental and practical strategies. People with chronic pain also believed that education and support from healthcare was essential for self-management. Discussion: The result has been discussed against Dorothea Orems nursing theory about self-care and relevant scientific publications. The ​​meaning of self-management for people with chronic pain has been compared with various definitions of self-management that are applied in healthcare. Furthermore the definitions of self-management were put in relation to how the healthcare provide supporting self-management interventions.

En av turismnäringens största byggstenar är event. Det är en bransch som ständigt utvecklas och växer. Detta gör att event är känsliga för trender och ständigt måste arbeta för att förnya sig och skapa attraktion till sina besökare. Det är av stor vikt för eventmangagers att skapa attraktionsstrategier för att bibehålla ett events attraktionskraft samt definiera vilken kategori av event som ska planeras. Det finns många olika kategorier av event och i den här studien kommer ett publikt och ett icke-publikt event att studeras. Studiens syfte är att bidra med förståelse för vilka attraktionsstrategier som används för att attrahera besökare för eventen Melodifestivalen och Årets Kock. Genom att få ökad förståelse för eventens strategier kunna urskilja likheter och skillnader mellan ett publikt och ett icke-publikt events attraktionsstrategier. I studien har en kvalitativ metod med en kombination av induktiv och deduktiv forskningsansats använts då författarna eftersökt en djupare förståelse och jämfört den insamlade datan mot tidigare forskning och teorier. Datainsamlingen har skett genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer och textanalys för att också undersöka om beskrivna strategier går att identifiera på sociala medier och internet. Studiens slutsats är att det är viktigt för eventmanagers att definiera vilken kategori eventet tillhör samt syfte och målgrupp. Relevanta strategier är att skapa en dramaturgi som tilltalar målgruppen och skapar spänning och intresse samt att det finns en interaktion mellan eventet och publiken. / One of the most essential parts of the tourism industry's are events. It is an industry that is constantly evolving and growing. This means that the event is susceptible to trends and continually need to work to develop and create attraction to its visitors. It is of great importance to create attraction strategies to maintain the attractiveness of events and define what category of events to be planned. There are many different types of events, and in this study a public and non-public event will be studied. The study's aim is to contribute to the understanding of the attraction strategies used to attract visitors for Melodifestivalen and Årets Kock. By gaining greater understanding of the event's strategies accordingly to contribute to determine the similarities and differences between a public and non-public events attraction strategies. The study has a qualitative approach with a combination of inductive and deductive research approach, used in which the authors sought a deeper understanding and compared the data collected from previous research and theories. Data has been collected through semi-structured interviews and text analysis to also examine whether described strategies can be identified on social media and the Internet. The study concludes that it is important for event managers to define the category of the event, purpose and audience. Key strategies are to create an event dramaturgy that appeals to the target audience and create excitement and interest, and that there is an interaction between the event and the audience.